Razvoj sustava vođenja bilježaka za konsekutivno prevođenje

The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into the development of note-taking systems for consecutive interpreting. For every consecutive interpreter, having an individual, effective notetaking system is indispensable. This paper presents the basic principles and guidelines, as found in the existing literature, to serve as a base and inspiration for developing one’s own note-taking system. The first part defines consecutive interpreting, explains its use and provides a brief historical overview. In the main part, note-taking is presented as a part of consecutive interpreting and its function explained. After that, the principles and propositions for developing a note-taking system are presented and explained in detail, as proposed by experts in the field. In the next chapter, the pedagogy of note-taking is presented, i.e. the various stances on how it should be taught to students, and when it should be introduced in the curriculum, regarding the level of study, as well as the phase of consecutive interpreting teaching. An attempt is made to introduce some principles of note-taking that are adjusted to the Croatian language, most of the existing ones being written from English, German or French perspectives. In the end, the future of note-taking is discussed regarding the technology improvements and the possible substitute of note-taking by digital voice recorders, and the introduction of a new mode of interpreting, namely, the simultaneous consecutive mode

Neo-Paganism for Teens

Review of: Bramwell, Peter. Pagan Themes in Modern Children’s Fiction: Green Man, Shamanism, Earth Mysteries. London: Palgrave, 2009. Drawson, Blair, and Anne Marie Drawson. Witches in the Kitchen: A Year in the Life of a Junior Witch. Toronto: Puffin, 2006. Johnston, Hannah E., and Peg Aloi, eds. The New Generation Witches: Teenage Witchcraft in Contemporary Culture. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. Pattison, Caroline Rennie. The Law of Three: A Sarah Martin Mystery. Toronto: Dundurn, 2007.   DOI: 10.1353/jeu.2010.003

Razvoj sustava vođenja bilježaka za konsekutivno prevođenje

The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into the development of note-taking systems for consecutive interpreting. For every consecutive interpreter, having an individual, effective notetaking system is indispensable. This paper presents the basic principles and guidelines, as found in the existing literature, to serve as a base and inspiration for developing one’s own note-taking system. The first part defines consecutive interpreting, explains its use and provides a brief historical overview. In the main part, note-taking is presented as a part of consecutive interpreting and its function explained. After that, the principles and propositions for developing a note-taking system are presented and explained in detail, as proposed by experts in the field. In the next chapter, the pedagogy of note-taking is presented, i.e. the various stances on how it should be taught to students, and when it should be introduced in the curriculum, regarding the level of study, as well as the phase of consecutive interpreting teaching. An attempt is made to introduce some principles of note-taking that are adjusted to the Croatian language, most of the existing ones being written from English, German or French perspectives. In the end, the future of note-taking is discussed regarding the technology improvements and the possible substitute of note-taking by digital voice recorders, and the introduction of a new mode of interpreting, namely, the simultaneous consecutive mode

Influence of Fibrinogen Deficiency on Clot Formation in Flow by Hybrid Model

International audienceIn this work we develop the 2D model suggested in [32] in order to study the impact of fibrinogen concentration and the fibrin polymer production rate on clot growth in flow. The model is based on the method of Dissipative Particle Dynamics describing blood plasma flow and platelet suspension and on a system of partial differential equations describing blood coagulation regulatory network. We study the influence of parameters on clot development and on its final size

Modelling of platelet–fibrin clot formation in flow with a DPD–PDE method

International audienceThe paper is devoted to mathematical modelling of clot growth in bloodflow. Great complexity of the hemostatic system dictates the need of usage of themathematical models to understand its functioning in the normal and especially inpathological situations. In this work we investigate the interaction of blood flow,platelet aggregation and plasma coagulation. We develop a hybrid DPD–PDE modelwhere dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is used to model plasma flow and platelets,while the regulatory network of plasma coagulation is described by a system of partialdifferential equations. Modelling results confirm the potency of the scenario of clotgrowth where at the first stage of clot formation platelets form an aggregate due toweak inter-platelet connections and then due to their activation. This enables the formationof the fibrin net in the centre of the platelet aggregate where the flow velocity issignificantly reduced. The fibrin net reinforces the clot and allows its further growth.When the clot becomes sufficiently large, it stops growing due to the narrowed vesseland the increase of flow shear rate at the surface of the clot. Its outer part is detachedby the flow revealing the inner part covered by fibrin. This fibrin cap does not allownew platelets to attach at the high shear rate, and the clot stops growing. Dependenceof the final clot size on wall shear rate and on other parameters is studied

Target morphology and cell memory: a model of regenerative pattern formation Cell Memory Can Regulate Morphogenesis and Regeneration

International audienceDespite the growing body of work on molecular components required for regenerative repair, westill lack a deep understanding of the ability of some animal species to regenerate their appropriatecomplex anatomical structure following damage. A key question is how regenerating systemsknow when to stop growth and remodeling – what mechanisms implement recognition of correctmorphology that signals a stop condition? In this work, we review two conceptual modelsof pattern regeneration that implement a kind of pattern memory. In the first one, all cells communicatewith each other and keep the value of the total signal received from the other cells. If apart of the pattern is amputated, the signal distribution changes. The difference from the originalsignal distribution stimulates cell proliferation and leads to pattern regeneration, in effect implementingan error minimization process that uses signaling memory to achieve pattern correction.In the second model, we consider a more complex pattern organization with different cell types.Each tissue contains a central (coordinator) cell that controls the tissue and communicates withthe other central cells. Each of them keeps memory about the signals received from other centralcells. The values of these signals depend on the mutual cell location, and the memory allowsregeneration of the structure when it is modified. The purpose of these models is to suggestpossible mechanisms of pattern regeneration operating on the basis of cell memory which arecompatible with diverse molecular implementation mechanisms within specific organisms

The role of platelets in blood coagulation during thrombus formation in flow

Hemostatic plug covering the injury site (or a thrombus in the pathological case) is formed due to the complex interaction of aggregating platelets with biochemical reactions in plasma that participate in blood coagulation. The mechanisms that control clot growth and which lead to growth arrest are not yet completely understood. We model them with numerical simulations based on a hybrid DPD-PDE model. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is used to model plasma flow with platelets while fibrin concentration is described by a simplified reaction-diffusion-convection equation. The model takes into account consecutive stages of clot growth. First, a platelet is weakly connected to the clot and after some time this connection becomes stronger due to other surface receptors involved in platelet adhesion. At the same time, the fibrin network is formed inside the clot. This becomes possible because flow does not penetrate the clot and cannot wash out the reactants participating in blood coagulation. Platelets covered by the fibrin network cannot attach new platelets. Modelling shows that the growth of a hemostatic plug can stop as a result of its exterior part being removed by the flow thus exposing its non-adhesive core to the flow

On a Model of Pattern Regeneration Based on Cell Memory

International audienceWe present here a new model of the cellular dynamics that enable regeneration of complex biological morphologies. Biological cell structures are considered as an ensemble of mathematical points on the plane. Each cell produces a signal which propagates in space and is received by other cells. The total signal received by each cell forms a signal distribution defined on the cell structure. This distribution characterizes the geometry of the cell structure. If a part of this structure is removed, the remaining cells have two signals. They keep the value of the signal which they had before the amputation (memory), and they receive a new signal produced after the amputation. Regeneration of the cell structure is stimulated by the difference between the old and the new signals. It is stopped when the two signals coincide. The algorithm of regeneration contains certain rules which are essential for its functioning, being the first quantitative model of cellular memory that implements regeneration of complex patterns to a specific target morphology. Correct regeneration depends on the form and the size of the cell structure, as well as on some parameters of regeneration

Thrombosis in Cerebral Aneurysms and the Computational Modeling Thereof: A Review

Thrombosis is a condition closely related to cerebral aneurysms and controlled thrombosis is the main purpose of endovascular embolization treatment. The mechanisms governing thrombus initiation and evolution in cerebral aneurysms have not been fully elucidated and this presents challenges for interventional planning. Significant effort has been directed towards developing computational methods aimed at streamlining the interventional planning process for unruptured cerebral aneurysm treatment. Included in these methods are computational models of thrombus development following endovascular device placement. The main challenge with developing computational models for thrombosis in disease cases is that there exists a wide body of literature that addresses various aspects of the clotting process, but it may not be obvious what information is of direct consequence for what modeling purpose (e.g., for understanding the effect of endovascular therapies). The aim of this review is to present the information so it will be of benefit to the community attempting to model cerebral aneurysm thrombosis for interventional planning purposes, in a simplified yet appropriate manner. The paper begins by explaining current understanding of physiological coagulation and highlights the documented distinctions between the physiological process and cerebral aneurysm thrombosis. Clinical observations of thrombosis following endovascular device placement are then presented. This is followed by a section detailing the demands placed on computational models developed for interventional planning. Finally, existing computational models of thrombosis are presented. This last section begins with description and discussion of physiological computational clotting models, as they are of immense value in understanding how to construct a general computational model of clotting. This is then followed by a review of computational models of clotting in cerebral aneurysms, specifically. Even though some progress has been made towards computational predictions of thrombosis following device placement in cerebral aneurysms, many gaps still remain. Answering the key questions will require the combined efforts of the clinical, experimental and computational communities