Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schema and Internet Addiction:A Cross-Sectional Study

Over the past decade the concept of Internet Addiction has grown in terms of its acceptance as a legitimate clinical disorder often requiring treatment. Many hospitals and clinics have emerged with outpatient treatment services for Internet Addiction. Most recently, the findings of this research area has led American Psychiatric Association to include the diagnosis of Internet Addiction in the Appendix in the DSM-V. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationship between Early Maladaptive Schema and Internet Addiction among students. This research is a cross-sectional survey. Statistical population of the study included undergraduate and postgraduate students of Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. 195 students by using simple sampling method were selected. The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS) were applied as measuring Instruments. To analyze the data Pearson Correlation and regression method were used. Results indicated that there was a significant relationship between 5 domains of Early Maladaptive Schema and Internet Addiction in students. Also, there was a significant relationship between each 15 dimensions of Early Maladaptive Schema with Internet Addiction. According to research findings, the formatting schema during early years can be strong factor in the tendency to use internet. It is essential that more detailed studies should be carried out in this area, particularly about internet addiction

Effectiveness of group cognitive: behavioral therapy on reducing depression

The present research was done with the aim of determining the effectiveness of group Cognitive - Behavioral therapy on reducing depression and its subscales (emotional symptoms, cognitive symptoms and physical symptoms) among the wives of the martyrs in the city of Tehran. First, 200 wives of the martyrs were randomly selected from among the wives of the martyrs who had referred to the counseling center of the Foundation of Martyrs and the questionnaire of depression was administered on them. The subjects whose level of depression was higher than the average level were determined and from among them 60 people were randomly chosen and later they were divided into two equal groups and from these two groups, by drawing one group was selected as the experimental and the other was selected as the control group. In the pretest stage, the questionnaire was administered on the subjects and the experimental group was placed under training, i.e. group cognitive-behavioral therapy, while the control group received no such therapy. In the posttest stage, the questionnaire of depression was carried out on both groups and one month later, the follow up stage was administered. Findings revealed that training group cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective on decreasing depression on the wives of the martyrs in Tehran. Findings also indicated depression among the experimental group and in the follow up stage they enjoyed necessary constancy. It is concluded that the group cognitive-behavioral therapy has considerably diminished depression among the wives

The Effect of Telephone Support on Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction:Postpartum depression is a common disorder. Systematic reviews emphasized the need to conduct more trials about interventions to prevent postpartum depression. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of postpartum telephone support on maternal depression. Methods:366 postpartum women with no history of known depression were randomly assigned into control (244 subjects) and intervention (122 subjects) groups. The control group received only routine postpartum care. In the intervention group, telephone support was provided twice in the first week and once a week during the second to sixth week of postpartum by a trained midwife in addition to the routine care. In order to meet their unpredicted needs, the mothers could contact the consultant 24 hours a day. Postpartum depression was assessed using the self-administered Edinburgh Depression Scale at 60 to 65 days of postpartum. Mothers with scores of 13 and above were considered to have depression. Logistic regression and Student’s t-test were used for the data analysis. Results:There was no significant difference regarding frequency of depression between the intervention and control groups (29.9% vs. 31.6%; Odds ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.49). Mean of depression score was not significantly different between the groups [9.2 (6.1) vs. 10.4 (5.8); mean difference -1.19, 95%CI -2.5 to 0.13]. Conclusion:This study did not provide evidence to show that telephone support of a midwife during postpartum period have a preventive effect on postpartum depression

Formation of the Causal Pattern of the Return of Addiction Based on the Components of Perceived Child-rearing Practices, Coping styles and Hidden Propensities in the Recovered Without Return and Reborn

Background: Drug dependence is one of the most important public health problems in societies. The purpose of the research was to develop a model for the return of addiction based on the components of perceived parenting practices, coping styles and hidden propensities in recovered without return and recovered returns.Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this study consisted of all recovered clinics and drug addiction treatment centers in Gilan province (North of Iran) in the 2016-17. After passing the treatment period from the discharge center and obtaining a treatment period certificate, the health card they received at least one year of recovery when they performed this research. The sample group, which consisted of 300 patients aged 18 to 35 years with substance abuse history, were selected through available sampling method in two groups. In this research, in addition to obtaining personal information and obtaining a return status report, 5 tools were used as follows: perceived parenting skills questionnaire, coping skills scale, Adlerian basic scale for interpersonal success of adult version, opinion questionnaire Tempting, and perceived stress questionnaires. Data analyzed with LISREL software.Results: The path and probabilistic relationships between the phenomena were studied. Based on matrix analysis, variance, covariance and correlation matrix, we investigated the possible relationships between the phenomena studied paid. The path analysis was used to determine the model. There was a positive and significant relationship between perceived parenting style, lifestyle, coping styles, tempting beliefs and general stress with returning to addiction.Conclusion: To return of addiction we proposed use of perceived parenting style, lifestyle, coping styles, tempting beliefs and general stress

Investigating the Facilitating Factors of Drug Use Based on Personality and Ethnic Characteristics of Guilan Province

Abstract Background: Identifying ethnic and personality facilitation factors in drug use help to better diagnose and treat addiction identifying facilitation factors. It provides timely counseling, and psychological services can be partially preventable for addicts. This study aimed to investigate factors facilitating drug use based on ethnic and personality characteristics of Guilan province using the Cloninger personality system. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of four subcultures of Guilak, Talesh (Turk), Kord and others called Fars. The sampling method in this study was a mixed-method; the sample size was at least 200 people. The present study used data in the field section of Cloninger's personality and character questionnaire to determine personality components and their relationship. They were used with current norms. This study used in-depth interviews, observation and review of documents (questionnaires) and conventional oral literature on drug use. Results: This study showed that between ethnic facilitation factors (drug and drug counseling, folk beliefs in oral literature, and beliefs about rituals and companionship) and personality traits (nature and character), except the avoidance factor at the significant level of 0.01, there was a significant and positive relationship. Variables of personality traits/"nature and character" and components of perseverance, novelty, reward-dependence, self-direction, cooperation can predict common beliefs in the propensity to medication and therapy. The personality facilitator variable of "nature and character" and all its components, except for themselves, was able to predict the popular beliefs existing in oral literature. The personality facilitator variable of "nature and character" and the components of novelty, reward-dependence, and cooperation could predict common beliefs about rituals and companionship. Conclusion: Research showed a significant relationship between ethnicity and propensity for drug and drug counseling, popular beliefs in oral literature, and celebration and celebration beliefs

The Role of Voluntary Function in Predicting Addiction Potential: A Survey on Iranian Red Crescent Societies

Background and Aim:Considering Voluntary Function, the purpose of the present study was to predictthe addiction potential among some members of the Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS).Materials and Methods:The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study was all members of the Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS). The sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling, in which 620 active volunteers of the IRCS from 31 province and 175 cities of Iran (48.7% female and 50.1 Male mean age 23.27±3.32, range 14–31 years)were selected for this research.The research data was collected using theIranian Addiction Potential Scale (IAPS) and Voluntary Function Inventory (VFI). Results:Findings proved that there was a negative significant correlation between the AP and all measurements of VF such as protective enhancement, understanding, career, values, and motives; meaning that the more time youth spent on participating in voluntary activities, the less likely they sought to resort to misusing AP. Findings of the multiple regression has proved that volunteerism could predict 15% of changes in the AP as a criterion variable.Conclusion:Voluntary function can increase happiness, mental health, expand interpersonal relationships and social networking, self-esteem and social skills in individuals. These skills can reduce the high-risk behaviors, including addiction. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to this valuable factors in preventive programs

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Spiritual Intelligence Quotient (SQ) in the Quran and Islamic Narrative Texts

Nowadays, studies related to the spirituality have been emerged towards the spiritual intelligence quotient (SQ). The concept of SQ combines and integrates the psychological, biological, intellectual, religious, and spiritual aspects together to explain the spiritual intelligence. Spiritual intelligence quotient (SQ) contains two important terms of “ability” and “spirituality”. The aim of this study was to search, identity, and define the equivalents and ratifications of spiritual intelligence in the Quran and Islamic narrative texts. Using documentation and content analysis method, the Quran versus, and Islamic narrative texts indicated that the concept of spiritual intelligence quotient can be find in the Quran and the Islamic texts by various words, phrases, predicates.The results of this study showed that concepts including sacred or holiness wisdom, light wisdom, tactfulness, sagacity can be explained as spiritual intelligence