Les abandons en lycees professionnels en cours ou a la fin de l'annee scolaire 1999-2000

Available from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : 25880, issue : a.2002 n.135 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc

Myeloperoxidase in Equine Semen: Concentration and Localization during Freezing Processing

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a pro-oxidant enzyme contained in and released by neutro- phils during degranulation or after lysis. Post-thaw semen contains MPO, and concen- tration of this enzyme is associated with decreased motility. The aim of this study was to determine kinetics of MPO concentration during freezing, its origin, and its impact on frozenethawed semen. Forty ejaculates were used. Semen was frozen using the classical freezing procedure. MPO concentrations were assayed in fresh semen, after centrifuga- tion, and after cooling down to 4 C. Post-thaw MPO assay results and spermogram characteristics were determined. MPO immunocytochemistry was performed on 4 different ejaculates at each step of freezing procedure. MPO concentration increased after cooling down to 4 C and thawing compared with fresh semen. As temperature decreased, MPO was higher or tended to be higher in post-thaw poor quality samples. Nonsperm cells showed various degrees of MPO immunostaining and were observed as epithelial cells with nuclear pyknosis and keratinization. MPO immunostaining increased in medium and decreased in nonsperm cells during freezing. Our study shows that MPO concentration in equine semen increases when temperature decreases. We hypothesize that nonsperm cells present in fresh semen could release MPO.SPERMP

Association between Myeloperoxidase concentration in equine frozen semen and post thawing parameters

Despite improvement of techniques, semen of 20% of stallions remains unfreezable. Recent studies focused on impact of reactive oxygen species and oxidant enzymes on semen characteristics. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a pro-oxidant enzyme contained in and released by neutrophils during degranulation or after cell lysis. It is responsible for the formation of hypochlorous acid, a strong oxidant agent which could damage spermatozoa. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between MPO concentration and characteristics of frozen semen from stallions. Thirty five straws from different stallions were analyzed. Post-thawing spermatozoal concentration, progressive and total motility were determined by CASA. Freezability was determined according to post-thawing progressive motility (over or under 15%). Percent of alive spermatozoa and abnormal forms were determined after Eosin-Nigrosin and Diff-Quick® staining respectively. Post-thawing MPO concentration was measured by ELISA. Our study shows that frozen thawed semen contains large amounts of free MPO. We also observed that post-thawing MPO ELISA assay can be used as an indicator of equine semen freezability. High MPO concentration samples showed lower total and progressive motility. A higher proportion of abnormal head shape associated with acrosome reaction was observed in our late examinations of the high concentration MPO group. Our results show that MPO adversely affects total and progressive motility of equine semen. A negative correlation between normal motile forms and MPO concentration was also observed. The effect of MPO on dead or abnormal forms remains to be precised

Acute Laminitis: Medical and supportive therapy

Acute laminitis is a serious complication of many primary conditions in the horse. This article summarizes the most appropriate approach to management of the horse with acute laminitis, based on current information. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Lamellar leukocyte infiltration and involvement of IL-6 during oligofructose-induced equine laminitis development

Laminitis is known to involve deregulation of proteases and destruction of the lamellar basement membrane with the host inflammatory response also playing a role. Leukocyte infiltration has been well characterized in the black walnut model of laminitis induction, but not in carbohydrate induced models. Increased gene expression of multiple cytokines, including IL-6, has also been implicated in laminitis development. Using real time PCR, immunohistochemistry and zymography methods, we characterize leukocyte infiltration and IL-6 gene expression in oligofructose (OF) induced laminitis. As well, we use two in vitro models to investigate a role for IL-6 in protease regulation. Laminitis was induced in normal standardbred horses (n= 5) by alimentary OF dosing and lamellar biopsies were obtained throughout the 48. h experimental period. Lamellar explants and keratinocytes were also isolated from clinically normal horses for in vitro experiments. We found infiltration of calprotectin-positive leukocytes (monocytes and neutrophils) at 18-24. h post oligofructose dosing, while IL-6 gene expression was increased as early as 12. h post dosing. Additionally, while we found that IL-6 did not cause significant BM damage in vitro, it did result in increased secreted proMMP-9 levels from lamellar explants. Thus, we find that leukocyte infiltration does occur during oligofructose-induced laminitis development, however, IL-6 gene expression in the lamellae may precede leukocyte infiltration. Additionally, we show IL-6 plays a role in increasing the level of proMMP-9 in vivo in a manner that does not involve keratinocytes