The Limits of Free Speech: Democratic Legitimacy in Canada and New Zealand

This paper explores the balancing act between freedom of expression and hate speech. It takes its cue from a recent dialogue between Ronald Dworkin and Jeremy Waldron concerning democratic legitimacy. This dialogue forms the conceptual starting point for the paper, and a detailed analysis of democratic principles will follow. Robert Post’s participatory theory of democracy is critiqued, and his recent conversion to democratic relativism is analysed. The operation of hate speech laws in Canada and New Zealand will both be assessed in order to see how both of these countries treat the issue of democratic legitimacy

Expanded Fly Ash Clay Aggregate a Sustainable Alternative Coarse Aggregate for Concrete

Demand for natural aggregates in making concrete is increasing every day. Concrete is widely used in turnkey projects and small-scale projects. An alternative sustainable coarse aggregate for natural coarse aggregate can reduce the amount of pollution and preserve natural resource. An attempt is made in this research project to use locally available soil from the site and fly ash waste to prepare an alternative sustainable coarse aggregate for concrete to be used in small constructions. Concrete mix is prepared with natural aggregate and expanded fly ash clay aggregate EFCA and their fresh state, strength and durability properties were studied. The slump value of EFCA concrete under same water content is similar to that of natural aggregate concrete. A compressive strength of 21.45 MPa is achieved for EFCA concrete, which is acceptable for normal structural concrete. Flexural strength of 3.67 MPa is measured. Rapid chloride penetration test conducted on EFCA concrete showed moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a higher water penetration

Expanded Fly Ash Clay Aggregate a Sustainable Alternative Coarse Aggregate for Concrete

Demand for natural aggregates in making concrete is increasing every day. Concrete is widely used in turnkey projects and small-scale projects. An alternative sustainable coarse aggregate for natural coarse aggregate can reduce the amount of pollution and preserve natural resource. An attempt is made in this research project to use locally available soil from the site and fly ash waste to prepare an alternative sustainable coarse aggregate for concrete to be used in small constructions. Concrete mix is prepared with natural aggregate and expanded fly ash clay aggregate EFCA and their fresh state, strength and durability properties were studied. The slump value of EFCA concrete under same water content is similar to that of natural aggregate concrete. A compressive strength of 21.45 MPa is achieved for EFCA concrete, which is acceptable for normal structural concrete. Flexural strength of 3.67 MPa is measured. Rapid chloride penetration test conducted on EFCA concrete showed moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a higher water penetration

Un análisis de la relación entre vínculos enraizados e innovación del proveedor en el sector de cooperativismo

¿Cuáles son los principales determinantes del desarrollo de los vínculos enraizados? ¿Cuál es el impacto de las variables conocimiento del proveedor, conocimiento del cliente y vínculos enraizados en el desarrollo de innovaciones del proveedor en el sector de cooperativismo? ¿Cuál es el papel moderador de los vínculos enraizados en el desarrollo de innovaciones del proveedor? Este estudio reúne 126 respuestas de proveedores de una gran cooperativa agrícola. Los resultados muestran que existe una influencia positiva de los vínculos enraizados en el desarrollo y el conocimiento de la innovación. Además, se comprueba que hay una relación significativa entre el conocimiento de los proveedores y la innovación, la cual es moderada por los vínculos enraizados. Así, el vínculo enraizado incrementa la capacidad de desarrollar innovaciones.Quais são os principais preditores do desenvolvimento dos laços imersos? Qual é o impacto das variáveis conhecimento do fornecedor, conhecimento do cliente e laços imersos no desenvolvimento de inovações no fornecedor no segmento de cooperativismo? Qual é o papel moderador dos laços imersos no desenvolvimento de inovações no fornecedor? Este estudo reúne 126 respostas dos fornecedores de uma grande cooperativa agrícola. Os resultados evidenciaram que há impacto positivo dos laços imersos no desenvolvimento da inovação e no conhecimento da inovação. Ademais, a pesquisa mostrou que há associação significativa entre o conhecimento dos fornecedores e a inovação, a qual é moderada pelo laço imerso. Isto evidencia que o laço imerso amplifica a capacidade de desenvolver inovação.What are the main predictors of the development of embedded ties? What are the impacts of supplier-knowledge, client-knowledge, and embedded-tie variables on the development of supplier innovation in the cooperative sector? What is the moderating role of embedded ties in the development of supplier innovation? This study brings together 126 responses from suppliers of a large agro-industrial cooperative. The results show that embedded ties have a positive impact on the development of innovation and knowledge for innovation. Furthermore, a significant association between supplier knowledge and innovation was found, which is moderated by embedded ties. Data show that embedded ties amplify the ability to develop innovation in industrial relationships

Expanded Fly Ash Clay Aggregate a Sustainable Alternative Coarse Aggregate for Concrete

Demand for natural aggregates in making concrete is increasing every day. Concrete is widely used in turnkey projects and small-scale projects. An alternative sustainable coarse aggregate for natural coarse aggregate can reduce the amount of pollution and preserve natural resource. An attempt is made in this research project to use locally available soil from the site and fly ash waste to prepare an alternative sustainable coarse aggregate for concrete to be used in small constructions. Concrete mix is prepared with natural aggregate and expanded fly ash clay aggregate EFCA and their fresh state, strength and durability properties were studied. The slump value of EFCA concrete under same water content is similar to that of natural aggregate concrete. A compressive strength of 21.45 MPa is achieved for EFCA concrete, which is acceptable for normal structural concrete. Flexural strength of 3.67 MPa is measured. Rapid chloride penetration test conducted on EFCA concrete showed moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a higher water penetration

Sri Lankan Tamil migration to New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History at Massey University, (Manawatū), New Zealand

Over the past few decades there has been an increasing number of Tamil migrants immigrating to New Zealand from Sri Lanka. This thesis, which is primarily based upon oral history interviews with a group of Sri Lankan Tamil people currently residing in New Zealand, explores the background and proximate reasons for this migration (from Sri Lanka and to New Zealand), the experiences of the migrants in their quest for safety and a better way of life in New Zealand, and some of the challenges met by them in this quest. It is argued that the increasing migration of Tamil people from Sri Lanka to New Zealand reflected a need for a persecuted minority of a country to seek safety and a better way of life, fortuitously intersecting with the needs of the New Zealand economy to attract skilled migrants. Notwithstanding the lasting effects of trauma upon the mental health of some of the interviewees, it is also contended that this group of people represents an example of successful acculturation to a new way of life. They not only have desirable skills to contribute to the New Zealand economy but have demonstrated the ability to adapt successfully to New Zealand society whilst at the same time maintaining a strong cultural identity

A Study of Technological Innovation in New Zealand

This thesis addresses the research problem of "what are the key underpinning assets or drivers of technological innovation, and how can they be harnessed to create competitive advantage?" Technological change is an evolutionary process. Research and technological innovation creates knowledge and technology that is irreversible in the sense that inventions can be superseded but not "uninvented". Technological innovation creates knowledge and technology that is cumulative because it lays a platform for further knowledge creation, or sets in place another rung in an ascending ladder of new performance characteristics or properties which are demonstrably superior to their antecedents. In turn, the asset specificity and irreversibility of technology and its cumulativeness create barriers to competitive entry. This allows a firm to earn the premiums that create market power and allow further innovation to be financed. The model of technological innovation advanced in this thesis has at its core the strategic governance framework of a firm, within which the dynamics of significant new technology, human capital and social processes are catalysed and made productive by differentiated technological learning processes. No one type of technological learning applies universally, but rather learning is differentiated by variables such as firm size and structure, the past experience and core competencies of the firm, its human capital stocks, social processes, interactions with the external environment, and a host of market, institutional and technological factors. It is argued that the dynamics of significant new technology, human capital and social processes are fundamental and necessary conditions of technological innovation. Technological learning processes underly and provide a connecting thread that integrates these necessary conditions into a model of technological innovation that can be applied by managers to create and sustain competitive advantage. Technological learning both shapes and is shaped by the human capital stocks and social processes of a firm. Learning processes give rise to significant new technology, and the dynamics of that technology in turn helps catalyse and gives rise to further learning. The rate and direction of learning and of technological innovation is also driven by the firm's interaction with external sources of ideas and technology. To create competitive advantage through technological innovation business managers must address a firm's strategy, human capital-related assets, social processes and technological learning abilities. Policy managers must ensure that the public technostructure is in place to foster human capital creation within an economy and to facilitate access to new ideas and sources of stimulus

From Crisis to De-escalation: An Examination of Politics in a U.S. High School Steroid Testing Program

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(6): 890-899, 2017. Preventing the use of performance enhancing drugs in sport has long been a concern for policymakers. In the United States, amidst national attention the state of Texas constructed the country’s largest steroid testing program for high school athletes. However, resource allocation steadily declined until the program was defunded in 2015. Using escalation of commitment theory as a framework, this conceptual paper examines the critical, but less studied, role of politics and de-escalation behavior that directed this distinct sport situation. By combining policy and media documents with the academic literature, this paper allows for a greater understanding of how the steroid testing program was formulated and implemented, which may influence how policymakers address steroids among amateur athletes in the future. This paper also offers new opportunities for future research by highlighting a new sport context in which escalation of commitment theory applies and specifically noting the significant role politics can play in escalation or de-escalation decision makin

Prevalence of non-functional overreaching in elite male and female youth academy football players

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of non-functional overreaching (NFOR) and overtraining (OT) in elite male and female youth football players. Methods: Two-hundred and forty-two youth football players (n = 138 boys and n = 104 girls) aged between 12 - 17 y completed a questionnaire to identify the occurrence of NFOR/OT and associated symptoms. Results: No players experienced OT. Significant sex differences for NFOR were found between girls 9% compared to boys 27% (p <0.05). For players that experienced NFOR, 33% of girls and 60% of boys experienced multiple bouts. Compared to girls, boys completed higher volumes of football training (16.3 ± 4.5 versus 12.7 ± 5.7 hours per week, p <0.05), but training load was not a significant predictor of NFOR for either sex. In both sexes NFOR was associated with tiredness, a lack of appetite, sore or heavy muscles, feeling in a bad mood, and feeling apathetic. Conclusion: Male and female elite youth football players engaged in high training volumes and experienced similar NFOR symptoms. However, there is a much higher prevalence of NFOR in boys and in those who have suffered previous bouts of NFOR

Diseño de carpeta asfáltica aplicando gránulos de plástico reciclado para mejorar la transitabilidad del Jr. San Martín, distrito de Tabalosos-2018

La tesis titulada “Diseño de carpeta asfáltica aplicando gránulos de plástico reciclado para mejorar la transitabilidad del Jr. San Martín, distrito de Tabalosos-2018” tuvo como objetivo primordial determinar un mejor comportamiento de la carpeta asfáltica aplicando gránulos de plástico reciclado y por ende realizar un comparativo con la carpeta asfáltica convencional. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se ha realizado el análisis de ensayos asfalticos por grupos como instrumento, por un lado, el grupo de control para realizar la mezcla asfáltica convencional y como otro grupo el control para realizar la mezcla asfáltica aplicando gránulos de plástico reciclado. El tipo de investigación fue experimental descriptiva cuya población fueron las vías o calles del distrito de Tabalosos, el laboratorio de la universidad César Vallejo y laboratorio externo para el estudio de mezclas asfálticas. Para el diseño de la mezcla asfáltica el número de muestras que se tomaron fueron 10 diseños de diferentes porcentajes de C:A entre las convencionales y los que aplican gránulos de plástico reciclado. Las técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron: Levantamiento topográfico, Estudio de mecánica de suelos, Observación y Trabajo de gabinete. Según los resultados obtenidos en los ensayos de laboratorio de la mezcla asfáltica aplicando gránulos de plástico reciclado presentó un aumento en el flujo con respecto a la mezcla asfáltica convencional, lo cual indica que además de proporcionar propiedades elásticas a la mezcla, también aporta buena rigidez, estabilidad, además disminuye el porcentaje de vacíos, por ende, aumenta la vida útil del pavimento, en la cual se obtiene una mezcla con cualidades importantes para ser resistente ante las deformaciones permanentes. En lo económico, al realizar el análisis de precios unitarios se pudo constatar que el costo total por m3 de mezcla asfáltica aplicando gránulos de plástico reciclado es más económico, en comparación a una mezcla asfáltica convencional