561 research outputs found
Energy, macronutrients and laryngeal cancer risk
BACKGROUND: A role for diet in laryngeal carcinogenesis has been suggested, but only a few studies have examined the potential relationship with a wide variety of macronutrients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted between 1992 and 2000 in Italy and Switzerland, including 527 incident cases of laryngeal cancer, and 1297 controls hospitalized for acute, non-neoplastic conditions. The subjects' usual diet was investigated through a validated food frequency questionnaire, including 78 foods and beverages. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: Cases reported higher energy intake than controls. The continuous OR for 100 kcal/day was 1.16 (95% CI 1.12-1.21) for alcohol energy, and 1.02 (95% CI 1.01-1.04) for non-alcohol energy. A significantly increased risk of laryngeal cancer was observed for animal protein (continuous OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.03-1.41), polyunsaturated fats other than linoleic and linolenic fatty acids (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.19-1.70), and cholesterol intake (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.19-1.71). Laryngeal cancer risk was slightly reduced with increasing vegetable protein (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.91), sugar (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-1.00) and monounsaturated fatty acid intake (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Laryngeal cancer cases have a higher energy intake than control subjects, and report a higher intake of animal protein and cholesterol. [authors]]]>
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Symbiose et sénescence: étude du cycle glyoxylique chez le soja (Glycine max. L., var. Maple arrow) et Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Fargeix, C.
Université de Lausanne, Faculté des sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
phdthesis
2001
fre
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2022-05-07T01:13:16Z
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New emerging tasks for microRNAs in the control of β-cell activities
info:doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.05.003
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.05.003
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/27178175
Guay, Claudiane
Regazzi, Romano
info:eu-repo/semantics/review
article
2016-12
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, vol. 1861, no. 12, pp. 2121-2129
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1388-1981
urn:issn:1879-2618
<![CDATA[MicroRNAs are key regulators of β-cell physiology. They participate to the differentiation of insulin-producing cells and are instrumental for the acquisition of their unique secretory properties. Moreover, they contribute to the adaptation of β-cells to conditions of increased insulin demand and, if expressed at inappropriate levels, certain microRNAs cause β-cell dysfunction and promote the development of different forms of diabetes mellitus. While these functions are increasingly better understood, additional tasks for these small non-coding RNAs have been recently unveiled. Thus, microRNAs are emerging as signaling molecules of a novel exosome-mediated cell-to-cell communication mode permitting a coordinated response of the β-cells to inflammatory conditions and to modifications in the insulin demand. These discoveries raise a number of important issues that once addressed promise to shed new light on the molecular mechanism governing the functions of the β-cells under normal and disease states. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MicroRNAs and lipid/energy metabolism and related diseases edited by Carlos Fernández-Hernando and Yajaira Suárez
Critical properties of -theory in Light-Cone Quantization
The dynamics of the phase transition of the continuum -theory in Light Cone Quantization is reexamined taking into account
fluctuations of the order parameter in the form of dynamical zero
mode operators (DZMO) which appear in a natural way via the Haag expansion of
the field of the interacting theory. The inclusion of the DZM-sector
changes significantly the value of the critical coupling, bringing it in
agreement within 2% with the most recent Monte-Carlo and high
temperature/strong coupling estimates. The critical slowing down of the DZMO
governs the low momentum behavior of the dispersion relation through invariance
of this DZMO under conformal transformations preserving the local light cone
structure. The critical exponent characterising the scaling behaviour at
comes out in agreement with the known value 0.25 of the Ising
universality class. is made of two contributions: one, analytic )
and another (25%) which can be evaluated only numerically with an estimated
error of 3%. The -function is then found from the non-perturbative
expression of the physical mass. It is non-analytic in the coupling constant
with a critical exponent . However, at D=2, is not
parametrisation independent with respect to the space of coupling constants due
to this strong non-analytic behaviour.Comment: Latex, 22 pages, 8 Postscript figures,Appendi
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Temporal evolution of stable water isotopologues in cloud droplets in a hill cap cloud in central Europe (HCCT-2010)
In this work, we present the first study resolving the temporal evolution of δ2H and δ18O values in cloud droplets during 13 different cloud events. The cloud events were probed on a 937 m high mountain chain in Germany in the framework of the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia 2010 campaign (HCCT-2010) in September and October 2010. The δ values of cloud droplets ranged from −77‰ to −15‰ (δ2H) and from −12.1‰ to −3.9‰ (δ18O) over the whole campaign. The cloud water line of the measured δ values was δ2H=7.8×δ18O+13×10−3, which is of similar slope, but with higher deuterium excess than other Central European Meteoric Water Lines. Decreasing δ values in the course of the campaign agree with seasonal trends observed in rain in central Europe. The deuterium excess was higher in clouds developing after recent precipitation revealing episodes of regional moisture recycling. The variations in δ values during one cloud event could either result from changes in meteorological conditions during condensation or from variations in the δ values of the water vapor feeding the cloud. To test which of both aspects dominated during the investigated cloud events, we modeled the variation in δ values in cloud water using a closed box model. We could show that the variation in δ values of two cloud events was mainly due to changes in local temperature conditions. For the other eleven cloud events, the variation was most likely caused by changes in the isotopic composition of the advected and entrained vapor. Frontal passages during two of the latter cloud events led to the strongest temporal changes in both δ2H (≈ 6‰ per hour) and δ18O (≈ 0.6‰ per hour). Moreover, a detailed trajectory analysis for the two longest cloud events revealed that variations in the entrained vapor were most likely related to rain out or changes in relative humidity and temperature at the moisture source region or both. This study illustrates the sensitivity of stable isotope composition of cloud water to changes in large scale air mass properties and regional recycling of moisture
General relativistic Sagnac formula revised
The Sagnac effect is a time or phase shift observed between two beams of
light traveling in opposite directions in a rotating interferometer. We show
that the standard description of this effect within the framework of general
relativity misses the effect of deflection of light due to rotational inertial
forces. We derive the necessary modification and demonstrate it through a
detailed analysis of the square Sagnac interferometer rotating about its
symmetry axis in Minkowski space-time. The role of the time shift in a Sagnac
interferometer in the synchronization procedure of remote clocks as well as its
analogy with the Aharanov-Bohm effect are revised.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Geometric Entanglement of Symmetric States and the Majorana Representation
Permutation-symmetric quantum states appear in a variety of physical
situations, and they have been proposed for quantum information tasks. This
article builds upon the results of [New J. Phys. 12, 073025 (2010)], where the
maximally entangled symmetric states of up to twelve qubits were explored, and
their amount of geometric entanglement determined by numeric and analytic
means. For this the Majorana representation, a generalization of the Bloch
sphere representation, can be employed to represent symmetric n qubit states by
n points on the surface of a unit sphere. Symmetries of this point distribution
simplify the determination of the entanglement, and enable the study of quantum
states in novel ways. Here it is shown that the duality relationship of
Platonic solids has a counterpart in the Majorana representation, and that in
general maximally entangled symmetric states neither correspond to anticoherent
spin states nor to spherical designs. The usability of symmetric states as
resources for measurement-based quantum computing is also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures; submitted to Lecture Notes in Computer Science
(LNCS
Entanglement of positive definite functions on compact groups
We define and study entanglement of continuous positive definite functions on
products of compact groups. We formulate and prove an infinite-dimensional
analog of Horodecki Theorem, giving a necessary and sufficient criterion for
separability of such functions. The resulting characterisation is given in
terms of mappings of the space of continuous functions, preserving positive
definiteness. The relation between the developed group-theoretical formalism
and the conventional one, given in terms of density matrices, is established
through the non-commutative Fourier analysis.Comment: published versio
Chaos in a double driven dissipative nonlinear oscillator
We propose an anharmonic oscillator driven by two periodic forces of
different frequencies as a new time-dependent model for investigating quantum
dissipative chaos. Our analysis is done in the frame of statistical ensemble of
quantum trajectories in quantum state diffusion approach. Quantum dynamical
manifestation of chaotic behavior, including the emergence of chaos, properties
of strange attractors, and quantum entanglement are studied by numerical
simulation of ensemble averaged Wigner function and von Neumann entropy.Comment: 9 pages, 18 figure
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Discovery of 505-million-year old chitin in the basal demosponge Vauxia gracilenta
Sponges are probably the earliest branching animals, and their fossil record dates back to the Precambrian. Identifying their skeletal structure and composition is thus a crucial step in improving our understanding of the early evolution of metazoans. Here, we present the discovery of 505-million-year-old chitin, found in exceptionally well preserved Vauxia gracilenta sponges from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale. Our new findings indicate that, given the right fossilization conditions, chitin is stable for much longer than previously suspected. The preservation of chitin in these fossils opens new avenues for research into other ancient fossil groups
All-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum measured with 26 IceTop stations
We report on a measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum with the IceTop
air shower array, the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at
the South Pole. The data used in this analysis were taken between June and
October, 2007, with 26 surface stations operational at that time, corresponding
to about one third of the final array. The fiducial area used in this analysis
was 0.122 km^2. The analysis investigated the energy spectrum from 1 to 100 PeV
measured for three different zenith angle ranges between 0{\deg} and 46{\deg}.
Because of the isotropy of cosmic rays in this energy range the spectra from
all zenith angle intervals have to agree. The cosmic-ray energy spectrum was
determined under different assumptions on the primary mass composition. Good
agreement of spectra in the three zenith angle ranges was found for the
assumption of pure proton and a simple two-component model. For zenith angles
{\theta} < 30{\deg}, where the mass dependence is smallest, the knee in the
cosmic ray energy spectrum was observed between 3.5 and 4.32 PeV, depending on
composition assumption. Spectral indices above the knee range from -3.08 to
-3.11 depending on primary mass composition assumption. Moreover, an indication
of a flattening of the spectrum above 22 PeV were observed.Comment: 38 pages, 17 figure
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