205 research outputs found
A JuhdöglĹ‘-völgy ErdĹ‘rezervátum lignikol bazĂdiumos nagygombáinak taxonĂłmiája Ă©s termĂ©szetvĂ©delmi helyzete = Taxonomy and conservation status of the lignicolous basidiomycetes in JuhdöglĹ‘-völgy Forest Reserve
A magyarországi hegysĂ©gek közĂĽl a VĂ©rtes hazánk fungisztikai szempontbĂłl kevĂ©sbĂ© vagy közepesen feltárt terĂĽletei közĂ© tartozik. A hegysĂ©gbĹ‘l az elsĹ‘ nagygombaadatokat tartalmazĂł publikáciĂłk egyike BOHUS (1939) munkája. Ezt követĹ‘en sokáig nem vĂ©geztek szisztematikus fungisztikai felvĂ©telezĂ©seket a VĂ©rtesben Ă©s többnyire csak szĂłrványos adatokat publikáltak a hegysĂ©gbĹ‘l. Az egyik ilyen jelentĹ‘sebb munkát BABOS (1989) közölte, amelyben a Budapesti TermĂ©szettudományi MĂşzeum NövĂ©nytárában elhelyezett agarikoid nagygombák, valamint nĂ©hány egyĂ©b termĹ‘testet kĂ©pzĹ‘ gombacsoport (pl. Polyporus spp.) mintegy 1283 fajának adatait publikálta. A hegysĂ©gbĹ‘l ismert szĂłrványos adatok közĂĽl kĂĽlön emlĂtĂ©st Ă©rdemel a fűrĂ©szporon vagy lombos fák faanyagán növĹ‘ Pluteus variabilicolor Babos, amelynek leĂrása során BABOS (1978) a szárligeti gyűjtĂ©st jelölte ki tĂpusnak (BP-FN 56936). RIMĂ“CZI (1994) az egĂ©sz ország terĂĽletĂ©rĹ‘l származĂł 1340 gombafaj 5537 termĹ‘helyi adatát ismertetĹ‘ munkájában szintĂ©n szerepelnek a VĂ©rtes tĂ©rsĂ©gĂ©bĹ‘l dokumentált (pl. Csákvár) adatok. KOSZKA (2011, 2014) több mint egy Ă©vtizedes szisztematikus feltárĂł munkát vĂ©gzett a hegysĂ©gben, kĂĽlönösen a VĂ©rtes dĂ©li rĂ©szĂ©n, amely során közel 550 terepnap alatt összesen 490 nagygombafajt mutatott ki. A hegysĂ©gben találhatĂł kĂ©t erdĹ‘rezervátumban (JuhdöglĹ‘-völgy ErdĹ‘rezervátum Ă©s Meszes-völgy ErdĹ‘rezervátum) viszont ez ideig mĂ©g nem vĂ©geztek szisztematikus fungisztiakai vizsgálatokat, ezĂ©rt mind a VĂ©rtes, mind Magyarország fungájának minĂ©l teljesebb megismerĂ©se cĂ©ljábĂłl cĂ©lszerűnek látszott a holt faanyagban gazdagabb JuhdöglĹ‘-völgy ErdĹ‘rezervátum nagygombáinak több Ă©ven át tartĂł felmĂ©rĂ©se.
Jelen munkában a nagygombák közĂĽl kifejezetten a faanyagon Ă©lĹ‘ Ă©s szisztematikai szempontbĂłl a bazĂdiumos gombák közĂ© tartozĂł taxonok feltárására koncentráltam
"Össze-vissza kuszálva van ismét minden párt vezéreszme nélkül" : a budapesti ügyvédi kar szervezetei és belső konfliktusai a dualizmus derekán
The primary goal of this study is to present the internal power struggles among the lawyers of Budapest in the late 19th and early 20th centuries through the relationship between the Budapest Bar Association (Budapesti Ügyvédi Kamara) established in 1875 and the Budapest Circle of Lawyers (Budapesti Ügyvédi Kör) created in 1881. While according to certain reports the Circle had total control over the leadership of the Bar Association, others believed that the latter, which had much more authority, should have its jurisdiction reviewed and modified instead. The fact that lawyers felt the need to form a new organisation only a few years after the creation of the bar system is evidence that Bar Association had significant professional shortcomings. The essay examines this internal conflict, and what lawyers thought of personnel issues. This can help us figure out what roles professional organizations played in addition to individuals in professionalisation and representation
Distribution and Host Preference of Poroid Basidiomycetes in Hungary I. – Ganoderma
Abstract
From the economical point of view, the genus Ganoderma is one of the most important groups of Basidiomycetes due to their medicinal effects and also because they cause decay in a very wide range of tree species all over the world. In this study new data of the Hungarian Ganoderma species are published and the specimens in accessible Hungarian herbarium collections are processed and revised. The article includes the nomenclatural status, the morphological characters, the host preference, frequencies and the details of the fungarium samples of six Ganoderma species (Ganoderma adspersum, G. applanatum, G. carnosum, G. cupreolaccatum, G. lucidum, G. resinaceum) as well. In total 215 Ganoderma specimens are examined and 10 hosts of the six native Ganoderma species new for Hungary are presented. The Hungarian locality and time of the collection of the only Ganoderma carnosum (IZ3122) specimen and two new localities of this rare species is published here for the first time.</jats:p
Generic concepts and taxonomic uncertainties in the family Meruliaceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)
The most recent phylogenetic studies demonstrated that the phlebioid clade forms
three different lineages, which are accepted as Irpicaceae, Meruliaceae and
Phanerochaetaceae in family rank. The family name Meruliaceae (=
Climacodontaceae, = Phlebiaceae) was proposed by Petter Adolf Karsten in 1881
and published validly by Carleton Rea in 1922, based on Merulius as generic type.
The family contains wood-inhabiting white-rot species, which microscopically
characterised in general by the monomitic hyphal system with clamp-connections,
the smooth, hyaline, thin-walled spores and the presence of cystidia. The annual
resupinate basidiocarp form is dominated in the family, with corticioid (e.g.
Lilaceophlebia), phlebioid (e.g. Merulius, Phlebia spp.), odontioid (e.g. Crustodontia,
Scopuloides), hidnoid (e.g. Climacodon, Hydnophlebia, Mycoacia, Mycoaciella,
Sarcodontia) or poroid (e.g. Luteoporia, Phlebiporia) trama. Furthermore, besides
the resupinate basidiocarps, the pileate form also occurs in certain poroid genera
(e.g. Aurantiopileus, Aurantiporus). Due to the results of the phylogenetic studies
on the phlebioid clade, the former generic concepts based on morphological
observations had to be revised in some cases. Based on multigene phylogenetic
analyses, it seems that certain large genera (e.g. Ceriporia, Ceriporiopsis,
Phanerochaete and Phlebia) created by morphological observations are
polyphyletic and the species classified in these genera can be found in Meruliaceae
as well as in other families within the order Polyporales. Therefore, the correct
taxonomic status of many species in the phlebioid clade is uncertain and an
extensive molecular sampling is necessary to establish sound generic concepts in
the Meruliaceae. In this presentation (i) we aimed to discuss the taxonomic
uncertainties and unsolved problems in the family Meruliaceae. Furthermore,
based on morphological and phylogenetic perspectives (ii) we aimed to investigate
the legitimacy of certain genus names, which formerly placed in the Meruliaceae:
e.g. Amaurohydnum; and in addition (iii) we reported the description of a new
polypore genus, typified on Aurantiporus alborubescens (≡ Phaeolus
alborubescens) evidenced by morphological characteristics and multigene
phylogenetic analysis
Erdőgazdálkodási javaslatok a nagygombák funkcionális és faji sokféleségének megőrzésére = Conservation of macrofungal biodiversity in managed forests - recommendations for management
Az alábbi tanulmány az erdei nagygombaközösségek sokféleségét befolyásoló erdőgazdálkodási gyakorlatok hatásait foglalja össze.
A nagygombák erdĹ‘gazdálkodási szempontbĂłl fontos funkcionális csoportjainak (a fán Ă©lĹ‘k, a mikorrhizakĂ©pzĹ‘k Ă©s az avarbontĂłk) ismertetĂ©se után számba vesszĂĽk azok erdei Ă©letközössĂ©gekben betöltött ökolĂłgiai szerepeit. KĂĽlön rĂ©szletezve a hazai nagygombaközössĂ©gek számára elĹ‘nyös Ă©s hátrányos következmĂ©nyeiket, kitĂ©rĂĽnk a hagyományos (vágásos) erdĹ‘gazdálkodási gyakorlat során elĹ‘nyben rĂ©szesĂtett fafajok, faállomány-szerkezetek, a hátrahagyott holtfakĂ©szlet, a kitermelt faanyag közelĂtĂ©si, elĹ‘kĂ©szĂtĂ©si Ă©s mozgatási mĂłdjainak, illetve az erdĂ©szeti beavatkozások idĹ‘pontjainak, valamint tĂ©rbeli Ă©s idĹ‘beli kiterjedtsĂ©gĂ©nek hatásaira. Olyan alternatĂv, a
gombaközössĂ©gek Ă©s a kĂĽlönbözĹ‘, hagyományos erdĹ‘gazdálkodási ĂĽzemmĂłdok szempontjábĂłl egyaránt felvázolt gazdálkodási lehetĹ‘sĂ©geket is bemutatunk, amik a termĂ©szetes bolygatási rendszert tĂĽkrözik, de a gyakorlatban is könnyen kivitelezhetĹ‘k, Ă©s elĹ‘segĂtik az
erdei nagygombaközösségek sokféleségének hatékony, tartamos védelmét. | In this chapter, the effects of forest management practices on macrofungal biodiversity are discussed. The fundamental role of wood-inhabiting, mycorrhizal and terricolous saprotrophic macrofungi in forest ecosystems and the mechanisms by which they function are reviewed; macrofungal guilds with considerable importance for forest management are listed. The positive and negative effects of the traditional (mainly shelterwood) Hungarian silviculture practices to macrofungal biodiversity are detailed separately. Special considerations were taken as for the effects of the preferred tree taxa, stand structure, dead wood properties, logging, skidding and log preparation characteristics, as well as the spatio-temporal severity and timing of management practices. In both the macrofungal and the silvicultural points of view, alternative forest management practices that are achievable in practice, but mimic the natural disturbance regime are listed to promote a sustainable conservation for macrofungal biodiversity
DNA barcoding of wild Ganoderma specimens and cultivated strains in Hungary
The cosmopolitan polypore genus Ganoderma (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) has an
enormous economic value, due to the caused diseases on different tree plantations
(e.g. G. boninense in oil palms) and the medicinal properties of certain species (e.g.
G. applanatum, G. lingzhi and G. sinense). The cultivated Ganoderma strains used by
Hungarian growers originate both from selected wild strains or more often
taxonomically not evaluated isolates with uncertain origin. However, based on
morphological characteristics, the species concepts in the genus lack consensus,
and the taxonomy of many Ganoderma taxa is thus problematic. Therefore, in
addition to the morphological examination, suitable molecular methods have
recently been required to the taxonomically correct identification of the wild
Ganoderma species and cultivated strains in many cases. DNA barcode is a widely
accepted tool for species identification and authentication of commercial products
containing Ganoderma species. Among the tested fungal DNA barcoding markers,
the application of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is the most commonly used
and it was formally proposed as the primary fungal barcode marker. Besides the
ITS, several other DNA barcoding markers were used by different authors to
clarify taxonomic difficulties in Ganoderma: e.g. β-tubulin, LSU, rpb1, rpb2, Tef1-α
or the mtSSU rDNA sequence. Formerly, the Hungarian Ganoderma species (viz. G.
adspersum, G. applanatum, G. carnosum, G. cupreolaccatum, G. lucidum and G.
resinaceum) were briefly studied by Papp and SzabĂł (2013, in Acta Silv. Lign.
Hung. 9: 71–83.), however, based on solely morphological charactersitics. In this
study we aimed (i) to generate DNA barcoding sequences for all wild Ganoderma
species observed in Hungary; furthermore, (ii) to investigate and evaluate the
Hungarian cultivated strains labelled as “G. lucidum” and the Ganoderma spp.
isolates preserved in culture collections, based on DNA barcoding sequence
analysis. Supported by the ĂšNKP-17-4 New National Excellence Program of the
Ministry of Human Capacities
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