A eficácia escolar e liderança pedagógica percebida e o sucesso dos alunos

O presente estudo aborda o sucesso escolar sob a proeminência e polivalência de dois referentes do desenvolvimento organizacional e epistemológico: a eficácia e a liderança instrucional. As teorias, os modelos, as perspetivas, os problemas, as questões, as variáveis são propostas a um ritmo de conflitualidade e descontinuidade e bipolaridade: Os fatores de sucesso são macroestruturais, organizacionais, políticos, grupais, individuais? Qual o estado da problemática científica? O determinismo de Coleman, a reunificação genética e a insolvência da adaptação ou o estatuto diferenciado da organização escolar enquanto rede social de processo cognitivo? Há dados de investigação que preconizam os efeitos observáveis da liderança no desempenho dos alunos. A melhoria das escolas passa pelo comportamento de liderança educativa e profissional: o líder intensifica interações e estimula a motivação do sucesso. Outros autores, outras tendências evidenciam uma expressão moral na qualidade da liderança. O desenvolvimento organizacional da escola eficaz é comportamento colaborativo e que maximiza o clima de trabalho. No contexto empírico, duas dimensões são diferenciadas: o processo metodológico e a análise de resultados. O pressuposto é determinado pela abrangência da modelagem multinível e seletividade em diferentes variáveis e contextos que afetam o rendimento e sucesso escolar dos alunos. Objetivo mais concreto do estudo é validar os efeitos pedagógicos no sucesso escolar, analisar a influência do professor sobre práticas e respostas de aprendizagem. Tudo é suportado pela dinâmica do projeto de Investigação 3EM, que por sua vez executa-se como uma abordagem modelada pela investigação e problemática da eficácia escolar

Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Skin Allograft Survival and Inhibit Th-17 Immune Response

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) exhibit immunosuppressive capabilities both in vitro and in vivo. Their use for therapy in the transplant field is attractive as they could render the use of immunosuppressive drugs unnecessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ADSC therapy on prolonging skin allograft survival. Animals that were treated with a single injection of donor allogeneic ADSC one day after transplantation showed an increase in donor skin graft survival by approximately one week. This improvement was associated with preserved histological morphology, an expansion of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in draining lymph nodes, as well as heightened IL-10 expression and down-regulated IL-17 expression. In vitro, ADSC inhibit naïve CD4+ T cell proliferation and constrain Th-1 and Th-17 polarization. In summary, infusion of ADSC one day post-transplantation dramatically increases skin allograft survival by inhibiting the Th-17 pathogenic immune response and enhancing the protective Treg immune response. Finally, these data suggest that ADSC therapy will open new opportunities for promoting drug-free allograft survival in clinical transplantation

Dectin-1 Activation Exacerbates Obesity and Insulin Resistance in the Absence of MyD88

This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, grant numbers 11/15682-4, 12/02270-2, 15/18121-4), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Regenera INCT Process Grant 465656/2014-5). JL is funded by the NIH/NIDDK R01DK106210. GDB is funded by the Wellcome Trust and the MRC Centre for Medical Mycology. Open access journalPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Influência do ambiente e do biofertilizante misto na ecofisiologia de plantas de pimentão / Influence of environment and mixed biofertilizer on the ecophysiology of pepper plants

O pimentão é uma hortaliça considerada tipicamente de clima tropical, porém pode apresentar sensibilidade a altas temperaturas e elevada incidência de radiação solar.  Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a influência do ambiente de cultivo e de diferentes doses de biofertilizante misto no crescimento e nas trocas gasosas de plantas de pimentão. O experimento foi conduzido no período de outubro de 2018 á fevereiro de 2019, na fazenda experimental da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), situada em Redenção, Ceará. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental em 4 blocos casualizados com arranjo fatorial 2x5, sendo dois ambientes de cultivo (telado 50% de sombreamento e pleno sol) e cinco doses de biofertilizante misto (0, 250, 500, 750 e 1000 mL) totalizando-se em 120 plantas. Foram determinadas as variáveis de altura (ALT), número de folhas (NF), área foliar (AF), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca das raízes (MSR), taxa fotossintética líquida (A), condutância estomática (gs) e índice relativo de clorofila (IRC). As variáveis: altura, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca das raízes foram influenciadas significativamente pelo ambiente protegido e pela aplicação de biofertilizante misto. No ambiente de pleno sol, as plantas apresentaram maior condutância estomática. Já o índice relativo de clorofila apresentou-se crescente à medida que foi aumentando-se a aplicação de biofertilizante misto. Nas condições do presente estudo, verificou-se que as plantas de pimentão apresentaram maior crescimento e melhor acúmulo de biomassa em seus órgãos vegetais ao serem cultivadas em telado com 50% de sombreamento recebendo a dose semanal de 1000 mL de biofertilizante misto.

O império dos mil anos e a arte do "tempo barroco": a águia bicéfala como emblema da Cristandade

The article reveals that between the mid-17th century and the mid-18th century, in the ecclesiastical world of the religious orders (Jesuits, franciscans, Carmelites, Cistercians, Augustinian, etc.) and the episcopate, there was the progressive adoption of the imperial symbol, the double-headed eagle, attribute of the Christian Empire, the germanic Holy Roman Empire emblem. However, in the religious field, this imperial eagle of the baroque time appears without the political insignia (sword, scepter and the imperial orb), adorning altars, monstrances, trumphal archs, facades of temples, doors, walls, domes, pulpits, sacred washbasins, sculptures and paintings of the Virgin and Child, liturgical robes, etc.; therefore related to the cult and the dogmas of the Catholic faith - in artistic works, the association between the double eagle and the flesh-spirit or human-divine unity, axial principle of the Catholic faith, represented by Virgin-Mother and Christ, is often indicated directly. The research has located and identified numerous remnants of the double eagle emblem in religious field in Portugal and Spain and in their conquests and dominions in America, Asia and Africa, and also in Italy, and the historiography on painful birth of the modern era in the West has never realized this phenomenon. Symbolizing absolute power, universal power, these works with sacred significance, as the ecclesiastical discourse of the time, demonstrate movement occurred in religious plane. With the aim to assert not only spiritual but also temporal power of Christ and his mystical body, the Church was impelled by the idea of restoring the "Republica Christiana" or Christendon - disrupted by conflicts of power and faith - and of introducing a Universal Apostolic Monarchy extended to all mankind: the Empire of the Last Days, the Empire of Christ in the world, the fifth Empire

Exploring the Role of Soluble Factors Associated with Immune Regulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized as multipotent stromal cells with the capacity for both self-renewal and differentiation into mesodermal cell lineages. MSCs also have a fibroblast-like phenotype and can be isolated from several tissues. In recent years, researchers have found that MSCs secrete several soluble factors that exert immunosuppressive effects by modulating both innate (macrophages, dendritic and NK cells) and adaptive (B cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) immune responses. This review summarizes the principal trophic factors that are related to immune regulation and secreted by MSCs under both autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. The understanding of mechanisms that regulate immunity in MSCs field is important for their future use as a novel cellular-based immunotherapy with clinical applications in several diseases.State of Sao Paulo Foundation for Research Support (FAPESP) [08/55447-1, 09/51649-1, 10/12295-7, 10/16213-5, 07/07139-3]State of Sao Paulo Foundation for Research Support (FAPESP)Brazilian Council of Scientific and Technologic Development (CNPq/DECIT/MS) [470533/2007-2]Brazilian Council of Scientific and Technologic Development (CNPq/DECIT/MS)Complex Fluids INCTComplex Fluids INC

Exploring the Role of Soluble Factors Associated with Immune Regulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized as multipotent stromal cells with the capacity for both self-renewal and differentiation into mesodermal cell lineages. MSCs also have a fibroblast-like phenotype and can be isolated from several tissues. In recent years, researchers have found that MSCs secrete several soluble factors that exert immunosuppressive effects by modulating both innate (macrophages, dendritic and NK cells) and adaptive (B cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) immune responses. This review summarizes the principal trophic factors that are related to immune regulation and secreted by MSCs under both autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. The understanding of mechanisms that regulate immunity in MSCs field is important for their future use as a novel cellular-based immunotherapy with clinical applications in several diseases.State of Sao Paulo Foundation for Research Support (FAPESP) [08/55447-1, 09/51649-1, 10/12295-7, 10/16213-5, 07/07139-3]State of Sao Paulo Foundation for Research Support (FAPESP)Brazilian Council of Scientific and Technologic Development (CNPq/DECIT/MS) [470533/2007-2]Brazilian Council of Scientific and Technologic Development (CNPq/DECIT/MS)Complex Fluids INCTComplex Fluids INC

Immune Regulatory Properties of Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Diabetes

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) display immunosuppressive properties, suggesting a promising therapeutic application in several autoimmune diseases, but their role in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune regulatory properties of allogeneic ADMSC therapy in T cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. ADMSC treatment reversed the hyperglycemia of early-onset diabetes in 78% of diabetic NOD mice, and this effect was associated with higher serum insulin, amylin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 levels compared with untreated controls. This improved outcome was associated with downregulation of the CD4(+) Th1-biased immune response and expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the pancreatic lymph nodes. Within the pancreas, inflammatory cell infiltration and interferon-gamma levels were reduced, while insulin, pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1, and active transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression were increased. In vitro, ADMSCs induced the expansion/proliferation of Tregs in a cell contact-dependent manner mediated by programmed death ligand 1. In summary, ADMSC therapy efficiently ameliorates autoimmune diabetes pathogenesis in diabetic NOD mice by attenuating the Th1 immune response concomitant with the expansion/proliferation of Tregs, thereby contributing to the maintenance of functional beta-cells. Thus, this study may provide a new perspective for the development of ADMSC-based cellular therapies for T1D. Diabetes 61:2534-2545, 2012State of Sao Paulo FoundationState of Sao Paulo Foundation [07/07139-3, 09/51649-1, 2010/52180-4, 2010/12295-7, 2010/16213-5]Brazilian Council of Scientific and Technologic Development [501278/2010-9, 500842/2010-8, 470456/2010-8]Brazilian Council of Scientific and Technologic DevelopmentCNPq/DECIT/MSCNPq/DECIT/MS [573815/2008-9]National Institute of Science and Technology on Complex FluidsNational Institute of Science and Technology on Complex Fluid

ADSC are effective suppressors of CD4⁺ T cell proliferation in an <i>in vitro</i> MLR co-culture and inhibit Th-1/Th-17 polarization.

<p>(A) In an MLR culture, naïve CD4⁺ T cells from the spleens of C57BL/6 mice were stimulated with mature dendritic cells from CBA/J mice for 4 days in the presence or absence of different concentration of ADSC. CD4⁺ T cell proliferation in these cultures was analyzed by flow cytometry. Gates represent the CFSE dilution peaks using FlowJo. (B) Expansion of cell generations was determined using FlowJo. (C) Cell proliferation relative index was determined using FlowJo. (D) Cytokine levels for IL4, IL-10 and IFN-γ from the culture supernatants were analyzed by Bioplex. (E) Intracellular staining for IL-17 and IFN-γ was performed on cultured T cells and analyzed by flow cytometry in gated CD4⁺ T cells using FlowJo.</p