Páramos habitados: desafíos para la gobernanza ambiental de la alta montaña en Colombia

Páramos and high mountain ecosystems are widely recognized in Colombia due to their distinguished value in biological and social terms, as well as their relevance in the supply of ecosystem services. The valuation presented here is founded on both scientific and traditional knowledge, in addition to the recent legal framework of the last decade. Although civil society and the high courts have played fundamental roles in the development of public policy for the conservation of such ecosystems, the close relation of society with these ecosystems is often overlooked. Through figures such as productive activities and the establishment of governmental land-use planning figures and social organizations, communities have been using such ecosystems during decades and in some cases centuries. Additionally, páramos are affected by global climate change. This document makes contributions towards the formulation of an integrated perspective about the territorial dynamics of the Colombian páramo and high mountain ecosystems, their present state, and future trends of change. For this purpose, the areas of páramo complexes inside the Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (National System of Protected Areas—Sinap for its initials in Spanish) and collective territories are identified, along with some of the challenges for land use planning and the conflicts associated with mining, agriculture, and cattle raising. These elements are analyzed to establish opportunities and difficulties in environmental governance of biodiversity and ecosystem services, a subject that is especially relevant in the scenario of the implementation of peace agreements in the country.Los páramos y la alta montaña en general cuentan con un vasto reconocimiento en el país gracias a su singularidad en términos biológicos y sociales, así como por su relevancia para la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. Esta valoración tiene raíces profundas en el conocimiento científico y saberes de pueblos ancestrales, así como en la legislación de la presente década. La sociedad civil y las altas cortes han sido actores fundamentales en la construcción de políticas públicas para la conservación de estos ecosistemas. Sin embargo, con frecuencia se pasa por alto que los páramos han sido apropiados por la sociedad durante décadas e incluso siglos, a través del uso productivo y del establecimiento de figuras de ordenamiento estatales y de organizaciones sociales, entre otros. Además, los páramos no son ajenos al cambio global. En este documento se hacen aportes para una visión integral de las dinámicas territoriales de la alta montaña colombiana, su estado y las tendencias de cambio. Para ello se identifican aquellas áreas de los complejosde páramo que se encuentran dentro del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (Sinap) y los territorios colectivos, algunos de los retos para el ordenamiento territorial y los conflictos asociados a las actividades mineras y agropecuarias; elementos que son tenidos en cuenta para la identificación de oportunidades y obstáculos para la gestión integral de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos. Considerando además el escenario del posconflicto, es especialmente relevante el reconocimiento efectivo de distintas formas de gobernanza para la gestión integral del territorio

Cuerpos permeables: páramos, arte y ciencia en diálogo con las obras de Eulalia De Valdenebro [Permeable bodies: moors, art and science in dialogue with the works of Eulalia De Valdenebro]

Para que el valor de los ecosistemas se siembre en el tejido social hacen faltan estrategias de conexión vital con las diversas vidas, seres y comunidades que nos arraigamos en la Tierra, generando confluencias entre disciplinas y comunidades que muchas veces se consideran separadas. Cuerpos permeables es un ejercicio editorial de potenciar esas necesarias confluencias al acoger, en sus páginas, ensayos cuyas perspectivas atraviesan diversas disciplinas, incluyendo las prácticas artísticas, las ciencias sociales, las cartografías y los saberes comunitarias, y los contactos físicos con el territorio a través del cuerpo

Improving outcome reporting in clinical trial reports and protocols: study protocol for the Instrument for reporting Planned Endpoints in Clinical Trials (InsPECT)

Abstract Background Inadequate and poor quality outcome reporting in clinical trials is a well-documented problem that impedes the ability of researchers to evaluate, replicate, synthesize, and build upon study findings and impacts evidence-based decision-making by patients, clinicians, and policy-makers. To facilitate harmonized and transparent reporting of outcomes in trial protocols and published reports, the Instrument for reporting Planned Endpoints in Clinical Trials (InsPECT) is being developed. The final product will provide unique InsPECT extensions to the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) and CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) reporting guidelines. Methods The InsPECT SPIRIT and CONSORT extensions will be developed in accordance with the methodological framework created by the EQUATOR (Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research Quality) Network for reporting guideline development. Development will consist of (1) the creation of an initial list of candidate outcome reporting items synthesized from expert consultations and a scoping review of existing guidance for reporting outcomes in trial protocols and reports; (2) a three-round international Delphi study to identify additional candidate items and assess candidate item importance on a 9-point Likert scale, completed by stakeholders such as trial report and protocol authors, systematic review authors, biostatisticians and epidemiologists, reporting guideline developers, clinicians, journal editors, and research ethics board representatives; and (3) an in-person expert consensus meeting to finalize the set of essential outcome reporting items for trial protocols and reports, respectively. The consensus meeting discussions will be independently facilitated and informed by the empirical evidence identified in the primary literature and through the opinions (aggregate rankings and comments) collected via the Delphi study. An integrated knowledge translation approach will be used throughout InsPECT development to facilitate implementation and dissemination, in addition to standard post-development activities. Discussion InsPECT will provide evidence-informed and consensus-based standards focused on outcome reporting in clinical trials that can be applied across diverse disease areas, study populations, and outcomes. InsPECT will support the standardization of trial outcome reporting, which will maximize trial usability, reduce bias, foster trial replication, improve trial design and execution, and ultimately reduce research waste and help improve patient outcomes

Diverse values of nature for sustainability

Twenty-five years since foundational publications on valuing ecosystem services for human well-being(1,2), addressing the global biodiversity crisis(3) still implies confronting barriers to incorporating nature's diverse values into decision-making. These barriers include powerful interests supported by current norms and legal rules such as property rights, which determine whose values and which values of nature are acted on. A better understanding of how and why nature is (under)valued is more urgent than ever(4). Notwithstanding agreements to incorporate nature's values into actions, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)(5) and the UN Sustainable Development Goals(6), predominant environmental and development policies still prioritize a subset of values, particularly those linked to markets, and ignore other ways people relate to and benefit from nature(7). Arguably, a 'values crisis' underpins the intertwined crises of biodiversity loss and climate change(8), pandemic emergence(9) and socio-environmental injustices(10). On the basis of more than 50,000 scientific publications, policy documents and Indigenous and local knowledge sources, the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) assessed knowledge on nature's diverse values and valuation methods to gain insights into their role in policymaking and fuller integration into decisions(7,11). Applying this evidence, combinations of values-centred approaches are proposed to improve valuation and address barriers to uptake, ultimately leveraging transformative changes towards more just (that is, fair treatment of people and nature, including inter- and intragenerational equity) and sustainable futures

Diverse values of nature for sustainability

Twenty-five years since foundational publications on valuing ecosystem services for human well-being1,2, addressing the global biodiversity crisis3 still implies confronting barriers to incorporating nature’s diverse values into decision-making. These barriers include powerful interests supported by current norms and legal rules such as property rights, which determine whose values and which values of nature are acted on. A better understanding of how and why nature is (under)valued is more urgent than ever4. Notwithstanding agreements to incorporate nature’s values into actions, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)5 and the UN Sustainable Development Goals6, predominant environmental and development policies still prioritize a subset of values, particularly those linked to markets, and ignore other ways people relate to and benefit from nature7. Arguably, a ‘values crisis’ underpins the intertwined crises of biodiversity loss and climate change8, pandemic emergence9 and socio-environmental injustices10. On the basis of more than 50,000 scientific publications, policy documents and Indigenous and local knowledge sources, the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) assessed knowledge on nature’s diverse values and valuation methods to gain insights into their role in policymaking and fuller integration into decisions7,11. Applying this evidence, combinations of values-centred approaches are proposed to improve valuation and address barriers to uptake, ultimately leveraging transformative changes towards more just (that is, fair treatment of people and nature, including inter- and intragenerational equity) and sustainable futures

Diverse values of nature for sustainability

Twenty-five years since foundational publications on valuing ecosystem services for human well-being, addressing the global biodiversity crisis still implies confronting barriers to incorporating nature’s diverse values into decision-making. These barriers include powerful interests supported by current norms and legal rules such as property rights, which determine whose values and which values of nature are acted on. A better understanding of how and why nature is (under)valued is more urgent than ever. Notwithstanding agreements to incorporate nature’s values into actions, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, predominant environmental and development policies still prioritize a subset of values, particularly those linked to markets, and ignore other ways people relate to and benefit from nature. Arguably, a ‘values crisis’ underpins the intertwined crises of biodiversity loss and climate change, pandemic emergence and socio-environmental injustices. On the basis of more than 50,000 scientific publications, policy documents and Indigenous and local knowledge sources, the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) assessed knowledge on nature’s diverse values and valuation methods to gain insights into their role in policymaking and fuller integration into decisions. Applying this evidence, combinations of values-centred approaches are proposed to improve valuation and address barriers to uptake, ultimately leveraging transformative changes towards more just (that is, fair treatment of people and nature, including inter- and intragenerational equity) and sustainable futures

Inclusive Protected Area Management in the Amazon: The Importance of Social Networks over Ecological Knowledge

In the Amacayacu National Park in Colombia, which partially overlaps with Indigenous territories, several elements of an inclusive protected area management model have been implemented since the 1990s. In particular, a dialogue between scientific researchers, indigenous people and park staff has been promoted for the co-production of biological and cultural knowledge for decision-making. This paper, based on a four-year ethnographic study of the park, shows how knowledge products about different components of the socio-ecosystem neither were efficiently obtained nor were of much importance in park management activities. Rather, the knowledge pertinent to park staff in planning and management is the know-how required for the maintenance and mobilization of multi-scale social-ecological networks. We argue that the dominant models for protected area management—both top-down and inclusive models—underestimate the sociopolitical realm in which research is expected to take place, over-emphasize ecological knowledge as necessary for management and hold a too strong belief in decision-making as a rational, organized response to diagnosis of the PA, rather than acknowledging that thick complexity needs a different form of action. Co-production of knowledge is crucial for governance, but mainly not for the reasons for which it is promoted

COMPLEJIDAD: UNA REFLEXIÓN DESDE LA CIENCIA DE LA CONSERVACIÓN

La ecología enfrenta nuevos desafíos en el contexto de la toma de decisiones ambientales. En las ciencias naturales, la ciencia de la complejidad abre nuevas perspectivas epistemológicas frente a los sistemas sociales-naturales; reflexionamos sobre diferentes formas de entender la complejidad. Algunos ejemplos ilustran la siguiente idea: si la complejidad se entiende como una consecuencia de la relación intrínseca entre ciencia y valores, es posible buscar un territorio común entre alguna forma de ciencia reflexiva y problemas locales

Complejo de páramos de Guerrero

La macroinfografía presenta una síntesis gráfica información básica del Complejo de Páramos, incluyendo figuras de conservación del SINAP, demografía, precipitación, oferta y demanda hídrica, actividad pecuaria, coberturas, biodiversidad y endemismos, estado de conservación y aspectos históricos.Bogot