Correlações das classes pedológicas com características geotécnicas aplicadas ao uso e ocupação do solo

A avaliação do comportamento hidromecânico dos solos é de suma importância para o uso e ocupação dos solos em suas múltiplas aplicações. Os levantamentos pedológicos permitem indicar a ocorrência do lençol d’água, o grau de saturação, a atividade do solo, a presença de minerais expansivos, as características de drenagem, erodibilidade e de plasticidade, a ocorrência de solos porosos, permeáveis e impermeáveis, além de trazer informações acerca dos solos de jazidas que sejam de interesse em projetos geotécnicos. O estudo objetiva indicar o uso de solos para construção de barragens no município de São Bento do Una, Pernambuco, Brasil, utilizando um ambiente de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), considerando as características dos solos com base na Geotecnia com as propriedades dos solos das Classes Pedológicas. São apresentados mapas com indicação de áreas de susceptibilidades de solos problemáticos quanto ao colapso, a expansão, a erosão, a dispersão, de ser mole e indicação de áreas com materiais de empréstimo (jazidas) para construção dos elementos de barragens. Os mapeamentos auxiliam na localização de áreas com potencial de jazidas de materiais para o uso em aplicações na engenharia, e permite identificar a susceptibilidade dos solos Problemáticos para uso na Engenharia Civil. Estas verificações possibilitam eficiência e economia de materiais, assim como segurança da obra

Analysis of Systemic and Cutaneous Inflammatory Immune Response in Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Background: Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a chronic and inflammatory disease present in veterinary dermatological practice. The inflammation in CAD is triggered by environmental allergens and skin microorganisms, which are responsible for the worsening of cutaneous lesions. This continuous activation of skin inflammatory process can induce the production of free radicals that also contribute to cellular damage and ultimately leads to changes in blood parameters in dogs with CAD. Although there are reports of inflammatory parameters in CAD, there are a lack of studies correlating skin lesions, blood leukocytes and oxidative stress. Based on that,this study aimed to evaluate the integumentary and systemic inflammatory response in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Materials, Methods & Results: Dogs with confirmed diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis (n = 10) were divided in two groups according to CADESI-IV: AI, with CADESI between 0-10, AII, with CADESI between 10-34, and control group (n = 5). Blood-biochemical and histological analysis were performed to access systemic and cutaneous inflammatory response. AII group tended to higher neutrophil and eosinophil counts, as well as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) when compared to AI. The albumin was lower in AII compared to AI and control (P < 0.05), while total bilirubin and malondialdehyde (MDA) did not differ between groups. NLR (r = 0.64 and P = 0.04) and MDA (r = 0.54 and P = 0.1) were positively correlated with CADESI, while albumin was negatively correlated with CADESI (r = -0.79 and P = 0.005). Histopathological analysis revealed a larger number of neutrophils, macrophages and mast cells in AI and AII than in control group (P < 0.05). Discussion: In this study it was possible to evaluate the systemic and cutaneous leukocyte dynamics in CAD. Skin inflammation induces the production of chemotactic molecules contribute to neutrophil outflow from blood vessel toward the affected tissue, which can be visualized as perivascular inflammatory infiltrate and exocytosis. At systemic level, there was a tendency to increase in total leukocytes and circulating neutrophil count in group AII, as well as in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), when compared to AI. The NLR is a widely available and inexpensive laboratory biomarker that quantifies systemic inflammation, being used in human medicine to evaluate prognosis in different types of cancer. In our study, dogs in AII group showed an increased NLR compared to AI and control, which demonstrates the influence of skin injury in systemic parameters. Furthermore, AII group is composed of dogs with greater lesion state, which reflects in higher NLR values. Since this disease is known by its chronicity and may remain stable for years, NLR may be a novel biomarker to evaluate acute exacerbation in CAD and could potentially explain why some patients have longer crisis duration and frequent flares. The maintenance of the inflammatory state also induces the production of oxidizing substances, which possibly exceed the total antioxidant capacity, generating a situation of oxidative stress, which can result in damage to membrane lipids and release of their products. MDA is reliable and is the most commonly used marker of the overall lipid peroxidation level and the presence of oxidative stress. This result may be related with the antioxidant system, such as albumin and bilirubin, which was able to promote an efficient control of oxidant substances. In conclusion, the presented data demonstrated an inflammatory process progression as well as introduced NLR as a potential marker of disease exacerbation in CAD

Clinical and epidemiological features and impact of life habits in canine atopic dermatitis in Fortaleza, Brazil

ABSTRACT: Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a worldwide allergic skin disease. The affected dog population can show different clinical patterns according to geographic region, and a lack of studies in Brazil is observed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the clinical and epidemiological data of cAD in dogs treated in a private clinical practice in Fortaleza, a city located in the Northeast Region of Brazil. cAD was diagnosed in 35% of dogs, being Shih-tzu and Poodle the most affected breeds. Paws and ears were frequently injured sites. Almost 50% of atopic dogs were diagnosed with superficial pyoderma and 36% with cutaneous malasseziosis. Atopic dogs with outdoor habits were less likely to develop cutaneous malassezial infection, and with routine ear, cleaning habits were less likely to develop bacterial otitis externa. In conclusion, canine atopic dermatitis is a prevalent disease in private clinical practice in Fortaleza, and lifestyle habits can be considered a risk factor for cutaneous malasseziosis infection and bacterial otitis externa in atopic dogs

Tensile strain hardening of a metakaolin based fibre reinforced composite

Portland cement concrete is the most used building material in the world. However, its manufacture is energy-intensive and it is susceptible to harsh environments. Alternative binder systems without ordinary Portland cement, such as geopolymers or alkali-activated materials, are recently new in the Civil Engineered world. These alternative binder systems seek, among other characteristics, improved durability and environmental efficiency. The attaining of strain hardening and multiple cracking typical of Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites (SHCC) using these alternative binder systems is very attractive from a conceptual point of view, since additional endurance to certain harsh or extreme environments, as well as enhanced durability, are usually expected as two of the main outcomes. In the present work, the behaviour of two different composites was studied: an existing Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) and a new composite based on an alternative binder prepared with metakaolin. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres were used in both materials. A series of experiments, including compressive and direct tensile testing were carried out to characterize and compare the mechanical properties of both materials. The results showed that the alternative binder composite, when subjected to uniaxial tension, developed multiple cracks at steadily increasing tensile stress and strain, which is also typical of ECCs showing strain hardening behaviour. The development of fibre reinforced geopolymer or alkali-activated materials showing strain hardening ability in tension may still be considered as a novel research topic, with great potential for creating new and interesting developments for Civil Engineering and structural applications, particularly the ones subjected to harsh environments

CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ Expressions in Skin Dogs Naturally Infected by Leishmania infantum

Background: In canine leishmaniasis (CanL), infection occurs through phlebotomine vectors that inoculate the protozoan Leishmania infantum into the skin that infected macrophages and activated dendritic cells (CD). Dogs with CanL present variable clinical manifestations, being common the presence of cutaneous lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+  associating the skin sentinels cells and to compare the clinical-dermatological manifestations in the skin of dogs naturally infected by L. infantum.Materials, Methods & Results: Dogs infected (n = 22) by L. infantum were divided into asymptomatic group (AD, n = 9), and symptomatic group (SD, n = 13), according criteria based on the presence or absence of skin changes. Dogs non-infected (CD, n = 5) were included as control group. Samples of skin biopsies collected from scapular region were processed by routine histology and labeled by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+, and were described as none, mild, moderate and intense. SD presented keratoconjunctivitis, onychogryphose, lichenification, depigmentation, alopecia, hypotrichosis, erythematous dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, ulcerative dermatitis and crusted dermatitis, and the frequency these alterations was expressed as percentage. The results of hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn’s test and expressed as mean ± standard deviation, with values P < 0.05. Leukocytosis (not significant), red blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin (P < 0.05), total protein serum (P < 0.05), globulins (P < 0.05), albumin and A/G ratio (P < 0.01) were altered in SD in relation to CD. Cutaneous cellular infiltration, composed by macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils, was observed in CD. There was an increase of expression of the markers in SD when compared to the other groups, as moderate CD68+ expression and L. infantum, and intense CD45+ and E-cadherin+ expressions.Discussion: Cutaneous involvement is very important in CanL, as it corresponds to where is the first interaction between the parasite and the immune system. Dermatological clinical signs, leukocytosis, anemia, globulins levels have been reported for dogs naturally infected by L. infantum. Inflammatory infiltrate was distributed at superficial and deep dermis, which was composed by mononuclear cells as macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils. To characterize the immune sentinels cells in the skin it was evaluated CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ expressions. In syntomatic dogs, our results revelead an increase of expression of these markers. CD45+ is one of the most abundant molecules expressed on the white blood cell surface in various mammals, while CD68+ is a myelomonocytic marker that seems to be retained during monocyte differentiation. In the skin, increased numbers of CD68+ are related to dendritic epidermal cells, which can be expressed as CD45+/CD1a-/HLA-DR+. DCs of the skin, particularly epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), form networks anchored to neighboring keratinocytes via E-cadherin. Thus, CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ expressions may be related to activation of skin sentinels cells in dogs naturally infected by L. infantum. Our results indicated that CanL modify the CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ expressions, which characterize the immune sentinels cells activation that promove the recruitment the cellular infiltrate, which was composed by macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils. Thus, these informations may contribute to the follow-up of CanL progression in skin

Autocuidado apoiado remoto para pessoas com doença arterial periférica

O projeto de extensão Serviço de Apoio às Pessoas com Doença Arterial Periférica presta assistência fisioterapêutica a indivíduos com Doença Arterial Periférica. Com a pandemia causada pelo coronavírus (COVID-19), o serviço passou a ser oferecido de forma remota. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a experiência do programa de autocuidado apoiado remoto do projeto de extensão durante o período de pandemia do coronavírus. Foi desenvolvido um protocolo para o acompanhamento remoto dos pacientes, com a manutenção de exercícios de caminhada e exercícios de resistência muscular. A avaliação foi realizada por meio de instrumento de satisfação para pacientes e discentes, e pela adesão dos pacientes ao protocolo remoto. A experiência foi considerada positiva pelos pacientes e discentes. Porém, a adesão dos pacientes foi &lt;50%. O uso de tecnologias digitais pode ser uma barreira para a adesão ao serviço remoto, embora aqueles que a ultrapassam avaliam a experiência do programa de cuidado apoiado como positiva. Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária; Inserção ensino-serviço; Telereabilitação; COVID-19; Educação superior Remote-supported self-care for people with peripheral arterial disease Abstract: The extension project Support Service for People with Peripheral Arterial Disease provides physiotherapy assistance to individuals with Peripheral Arterial Disease. With the pandemic caused by Corononavirus (COVID-19), the service started to be offered remotely. The purpose of this article is to report the experience of the remote-supported self-care program of the extension project during the coronavirus pandemic period. A protocol was developed for the remote monitoring of patients, keeping the walking exercises and the muscle resistance exercises. The assessment was carried out using a satisfaction instrument for patients and students and through the patients' adherence to the remote protocol. The experience was considered positive by the patients and students. However, patient compliance was &lt;50%. The use of digital technologies can be a barrier to adhering to the remote service, although those who overcome it assess the experience of the supported care program as positive. Keywords: University Extension; Teaching-service insertion; Telerehabilitation; COVID-19; Higher educatio

TERAPIA OTOLÓGICA INDUZ IMUNOTOXICIDADE EM CÃO

Pharmacodermia can be defined as adverse reactions in skin, mucous membranes and appendages, sometimes having immunomediated character. The diagnosis is based on the patient clinical-laboratorial evaluation, involving a research about factors related to the drug use and its adverse effects. In veterinary medicine, reports of pharmacodermic reactions are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to report an adverse reaction after otologic therapy in dogs. A 2-year-old female canine patient with a history of bilateral auricular pruritus with a three-week course was attended. At the time, auricular cytology was performed, evidencing the presence of high numbers of yeast cells and cocci, as well as desquamative cells. It was then opted for otologic solution composed of Gentamicin, Clotrimazole, Betamethasone and Benzocaine. The clinical presentation progressed satisfactorily until the tenth day of treatment, when the patient presented intense erythema and meliceric secretion. Cytological examination was repeated, as well as culture of aerobic bacteria. A piogranulomatous inflammatory infiltrate with low bacterial and fungal content was evidenced in these examinations, corroborating with the findings of the bacterial culture. Faced with the suspicion of pharmacodermia, all therapeutic compounds were exchanged, and the patient progressed satisfactorily until the end of the treatment. Because it is still a composed otological solution, the cause of the reaction can not be attributed to specifically one of the compounds. However, there is a need to raise the awareness of the veterinarian about the identification and appropriate intervention in adverse drug reactions, as well as his scientific contribution to the dissemination of this information.As farmacodermias podem ser definidas como reações adversas em pele, mucosas e anexos, tendo, por vezes, caráter imunomediado. O diagnóstico baseia-se na avaliação clínico-laboratorial do paciente, envolvendo uma pesquisa acerca de fatores relacionados ao uso do fármaco e seus efeitos adversos. Na medicina veterinária, são escassos os relatos de reações farmacodérmicas. Logo, o objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar uma reação adversa após terapia otológica em cão. Foi atendido um paciente canino, fêmea, 02 anos de idade, com histórico de prurido auricular bilateral com evolução de três semanas. Na ocasião, foi realizado exame citológico auricular, evidenciando presença de elevada quantidade de células leveduriformes e cocos, além de células descamativas. Optou-se, então, por terapia à base de solução otológica composta por Gentamicina, Clotrimazol, Betametasona e Benzocaína. O quadro clínico evoluiu de forma satisfatória até o décimo dia de tratamento, quando a paciente apresentou intenso eritema e secreção melicérica bilateralmente. Repetiu-se o exame citológico, assim como realizou-se cultura de bactérias aeróbicas, sendo evidenciado em tais exames um infiltrado inflamatório piogranulomatoso, com pouca presença de conteúdo bacteriano e fúngico, corroborando com os achados da cultura bacteriana. Diante da suspeita de farmacodermia, procedeu-se com a troca de todos os compostos terapêuticos, tendo a paciente evoluído de forma satisfatória até o término do tratamento. Por tratar-se ainda de uma solução otológica composta, não se pode atribuir a causa da reação a especificamente um dos compostos. Contudo, reforça-se a necessidade de conscientização do médico veterinário acerca da identificação e adequada intervenção nas reações adversas medicamentosas, assim como espera-se sua contribuição científica na difusão dessas informações

Electron-Transfer-Induced Side-Chain Cleavage in Tryptophan Facilitated through Potassium-Induced Transition-State Stabilization in the Gas Phase

Fragmentation of transient negative ions of tryptophan molecules formed through electron transfer in collisions with potassium atoms is presented for the first time in the laboratory collision energy range of 20 up to 100 eV. In the unimolecular decomposition process, the dominating side-chain fragmentation channel is assigned to the dehydrogenated indoline anion, in contrast to dissociative electron attachment of free low-energy electrons to tryptophan. The role of the collision complex formed by the potassium cation and tryptophan negative ion in the electron transfer process is significant for the mechanisms that operate at lower collision energies. At those collision times, on the order of a few tens of fs, the collision complex may not only influence the lifetime of the anion but also stabilize specific transition states and thus alter the fragmentation patterns considerably. DFT calculations, at the BHandHLYP/6-311++G(3df,2pd) level of theory, are used to explore potential reaction pathways and the evolvement of the charge distribution along those.F.F.d.S., T.C., and A.R. acknowledge the Portuguese National Funding Agency FCT-MCTES for IF-FCT IF/00380/2014, SFRH/BD/52538/2014, and PD/BD/114449/2016 and together with P.L.-V. the research grants PTDC/FIS-AQM/31215/2017 and PTDC/FIS-AQM/31281/2017. This work was also supported by Radiation Biology and Biophysics Doctoral Training Programme (RaBBiT, PD/00193/2012); UIDB/00068/2020 (CEFITEC) and UIDB/04378/2020 (UCIBIO). M.J.C. and A.G. also thank FCT-MCTES UIDB/04046/2020 and UIDP/04046/2020, and A.G. thanks the SFRH/BPD/89722/2012 grant. G.G. is partially funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (project no. PID2019-104727RB-C21) and CSIC (Project LINKA20085). O.I. acknowledges the Icelandic Center of Research (RANNIS) and the University of Iceland Research Fund for financial support. The authors thank Ragnar Bjornsson for fruitful discussions while preparing this manuscript.Pre-prin

Utilização do fertilizante organico em consorcio com remineralizador de solo na cultura da cana-de-açúcar / Use of organic fertilizer in consortium with soil remineralizer in sugarcane culture

O plantio em clima tropical, ocorre uma exaustão do solo, pelo motivo dos fatores e métodos de formação do perfil do solo promovendo aumento no prejuízo na condução de algumas culturas. O experimento foi realizado e conduzido na safra do ano agrícola 2020/2021, na Fazenda Trindade, município de Itumbiara, Estado de Goiás. O cultivar de cana-de-açúcar implantada foi RB86-7515, e o delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, e uma única fatores de tratamento, com dez níveis, sendo descrito da seguinte forma: T1: 0,0 Kg ha-1 Remineralizador + Fertilizante orgânico (controle negativo); T2: 3.000 Kg ha-1 de Remineralizador + 3000 Kg ha-1 Fertilizante orgânico; T3: 6000 Kg ha-1 de Remineralizador + 6000 Kg ha-1 Fertilizante orgânico; T4: 9000 Kg ha-1 de Remineralizador + 9000 Kg ha-1 Fertilizante orgânico; T5: 12000 Kg ha-1 de Remineralizador + 12000 Kg ha-1 Fertilizante orgânico; T6: 15000 Kg ha-1 de Remineralizador + 15000 Kg ha-1 Fertilizante orgânico; T7: 18000 Kg ha-1 de Remineralizador + 18000 Kg ha-1 Fertilizante orgânico; T8: 21000 Kg ha-1 de Remineralizador + 21000 Kg ha-1 Fertilizante orgânico; T9: 24000 Kg ha-1 de Remineralizador + 24000 Kg ha-1 Fertilizante orgânico; T10: 27000 Kg ha-1 de Remineralizador + 27000 Kg ha-1 Fertilizante orgânico. PP: População de plantas; AP: Altura de planta; NEN: Número de entrenós; DC: Diâmetro de colmo, P kg ha-1: Produtividade em quilograma por hectare; BRIX: Teor de açúcar na cana; LS corrigido: Leitura sacarimétrica corrigida; PBU: Peso do bolo úmido, Pol % Cana: Porcentagens de oligossacarídeos (sacarose); A. R.%: Açúcares redutores; ATR: Açúcares redutores totais; U: Umidade: TUB: Teor de umidade do bolo. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo programa Sisvar. As informações obtidas com a coleta de dados do experimento foram submetidas à análise de variância, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey, quando detectada significância para a ANOVA a p=0,05% de probabilidade para a comparação de médias. Podemos concluir que o uso do remineralizador de solo em consorcio com fertilizante orgânico obteve uma resposta satisfatória em produtividade, mostrando ser uma opção à mais para os produtores de cana-de-açúcar