Prevalence of serological inability of blood donors in regional blood center of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of disability serological of blood donors at the Regional Blood Center of Montes Claros, in the period 2009 to 2013. Methods: this is a transversal study, exploratory, through retrospective data collection, involving 2.101 donors unfit serologically. The study was approved by the CEP of Hemominas Foundation 381/2014. Results: of the 82.743 candidates suitable for blood collection, 2.101 (2,5%) had reactive serologic tests, but only 1.434 (1,9%) confirmed the result through the 2nd sample collection. Among the diseases investigated, there was the following distribution prevalence of hepatitis B (anti-HBc) donors with 0,77% about the total of suitable, syphilis (0,41%), Chagas (0,40%), and others showed values below 0,08%. Conclusion: we concluded that in comparison with other studies, it was found that the prevalence of disability in our blood bank serological is similar, showing that the measures taken are safe

Risk factors for oropharyngeal dysphagia in cardiovascular diseases

Some conditions consolidated as risk factors for oropharyngeal dysphagia have already been identified in other diseases, such as neurological. Studies on cardiovascular diseases concentrate in individuals in the postoperative period; thus, it is unknown if these same factors occur in individuals hospitalized for clinical or surgical treatment of these diseases. Objective: to correlate predictive risk factors for oropharyngeal dysphagia in individuals with cardiovascular disease admitted at a reference cardiology hospital. Methodology: This is a retrospective clinical study. Medical records of 175 individuals hospitalized for clinical and/or surgical treatment at a reference cardiology hospital from January to June 2017, attendants of the Speech-Language Pathology and Nutrition team, were analyzed. Of these, 100 records were included in the study: 41 females and 59 males (mean age 67.56 years). Deaths and individuals from 0 to 18 years were excluded. Stroke, malnutrition, age and prolonged orotracheal intubation were considered predictive risk factors for oropharyngeal dysphagia. Mann-Whitney test and Fisher's test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Stroke (OR=2.93 p=0.02), malnutrition (OR=2.89 p=0.02) and prolonged orotracheal intubation (OR=3.94 p=0.02) were statistically significant predictors for oropharyngeal dysphagia within this population. Age below 80 years was not significant (p=0.06), but within octogenarians, significance was found (p=0.033). Conclusion: Stroke, malnutrition, prolonged orotracheal intubation and age > 80 years are predictive risk factors for oropharyngeal dysphagia in adult population with cardiovascular diseases

Risk factors associated with breast cancer patients in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

Objective: To characterize the risk factors for breast cancer in patients seen in a referral center in the city of Teresina, Piaui (2010-2012). Method: A descriptive exploratory study with 197 patient records. A personal health questionnaire was administered to 20 patients and 20 women without breast cancer. The data were submitted to SPSS 13.0 for analysis of percentages, means and Spearman correlations. Results: The average age (55 years) was positively correlated with ductal carcinoma (83%) and 10% of metastases. The occupation of domestic, family history, medications, and exposure to ionizing radiation have been demonstrated as risk factors. Significant (p <0.001) positive correlation (r = 0.6642, p = 0.002) were observed between breast cancer family history and occupation. Conclusion: Prevention strategies related to environmental, occupational and hereditary factors are necessary to minimize the risk of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity

Fatores associados à ocorrência de infecção e internação por COVID-19 em professores de Minas Gerais em 2020

The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with the occurrence of infection and hospitalization for COVID-19 among public education teachers in Minas Gerais. Cross-sectional study carried out between August and September 2020, via internet. The dependent variables were report of a positive test for COVID-19 and the occurrence of hospitalization. Poisson Regression was performed. 15,600 adults participated, of which 1.2% were infected. There was a higher prevalence among women, with income of 10 salaries or more, private health insurance, who did not receive information about COVID-19, obese and whose friend or family member developed severe symptoms of COVID-19. Among those infected, 6.5% were hospitalized, there was a higher prevalence among risk groups for COVID-19. The occurrence of the infection was related to sociodemographic issues, access to information, health and previous contacts. Hospitalization was more prevalent in groups considered at risk for COVID-19.O objetivo do estudo foi identificar fatores associados à ocorrência de infecção e internação por COVID-19 entre professores da educação pública de Minas Gerais. Estudo transversal realizado entre agosto e setembro de 2020, via internet. As variáveis dependentes foram relato de teste positivo para COVID-19 e ocorrência de internação. Realizou-se Regressão de Poisson. Participaram 15.600 adultos, desses 1,2% foram infectados. Houve maior prevalência entre mulheres, com renda de 10 salários ou mais, plano privado de saúde, que não receberam informações sobre a COVID-19, obesos e cujo amigo ou familiar desenvolveu com sintomas graves da COVID-19. Entre os infectados, 6,5% foram internados, houve maior prevalência entre grupos de risco da COVID-19. A ocorrência da infecção relacionou-se às questões sociodemográficas, acesso a informações, saúde e contatos prévios. Já a internação foi mais prevalente nos considerados grupos de risco para COVID-19

Phylloseptin-1 is leishmanicidal for amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis inside infected macrophages

Leishmania protozoans are the causal agents of neglected diseases that represent an important public health issue worldwide. The growing occurrence of drug-resistant strains of Leishmania and severe side effects of available treatments represent an important challenge for the leishmaniases treatment. We have previously reported the leishmanicidal activity of phylloseptin-1 (PSN-1), a peptide found in the skin secretion of Phyllomedusa azurea (=Pithecopus azureus), against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. However, its impact on the amastigote form of L. amazonensis and its impact on infected macrophages are unknown. In this work, we evaluated the effects of PSN-1 on amastigotes of L. amazonensis inside macrophages infected in vitro. We assessed the production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide, as well as the levels of inflammatory and immunomodulatory markers (TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-12), in infected and non-infected macrophages treated with PSN-1. Treatment with PSN-1 decreased the number of infected cells and the number of ingested amastigotes per cell when compared with the untreated cells. At 32 µM (64 µg/mL), PSN-1 reduced hydrogen peroxide levels in both infected and uninfected macrophages, whereas it had little effect on NO production or TGF-β release. The effect of PSN-1 on IL-12 and TNF-α secretion depended on its concentration, but, in general, their levels tended to increase as PSN-1 concentration increased. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of action of PSN-1 and its interaction with the immune system aiming to develop pharmacological applications

Riscos de nefropatia em pacientes submetidos ao procedimento de cateterismo cardíaco e os benefícios do protocolo de hidratação oral

De acordo com Guyton, no tratado de fisiologia médica, em geral a nefropatia crônica e a insuficiência renal aguda podem ocorrer a partir de distúrbios nos vasos sanguíneos. A nefropatia causada a partir do uso de contrastes gera complicações graves, seu uso se dá pela necessidade de procedimentos terapêuticos e diagnósticos que envolvem contrastes de administração parenteral. Mesmo com as distintas definições de nefropatia de contrastes entre os estudos, o consenso refere-se a um aumento relativo da creatinina basal igual ou superior a 25%, 48 horas após a administração intravascular. Procedimentos de cateterismo e angioplastia, dentro da cardiologia intervencionista precisam da utilização e administração do meio de contraste iodado (MCI) e raio-x, para que aconteça uma melhor visualização das artérias coronárias e câmaras cardíacas. Na cardiologia, o exame diagnóstico considerado padrão-ouro, é o cateterismo cardíaco, pois permite uma melhor visualização e avaliação das coronárias, podendo perceber obstruções presentes. A etiologia da nefropatia induzida por contraste (NIC) pode estar associada nas características do quadro clínico do paciente quanto às características do contraste utilizado. Portanto a hidratação via oral vem sendo utilizada como uma sugestão em comparação à infusão endovenosa por conta da sua fácil administração e diminuição de recursos hospitalares, além do conforto e praticidade para o paciente, este método vem sendo eficaz e utilizado

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio