PENGARUH PELATIHAN PENGEMBANGAN POSYANDU MELALUI TANAMAN OBAT KELUARGA (TOGA) TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN KADER KESEHATAN

Perkembangan strata posyandu yang lambat dapat menjadi penghambat penyelenggaraan pembangunan kesehatan. Masih sedikitnya jumlah posyandu mandiri saat ini menunjukkan belum optimalnya kinerja posyandu. Strata posyandu mandiri di Indonesia (tahun 2004) yakni hanya sekitar 2,91%. Hal ini tampak di Desa Sidabowa, posyandu mandiri hanya sekitar 9,09% (1 dari 11 posyandu). Salah satu faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kondisi tersebut adalah peran kader kesehatan. Kader kesehatan sebagai pendamping masyarakat harus memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pelatihan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan kader mengenai strata posyandu dan tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi experiment design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kader kesehatan yang mengikuti pelatihan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pendidikan melalui pelatihan efektif dalam peningkatan pengetahuan kader (p<0,05).  Kata kunci: Kader, TOGA, posyandu, sidabowa The development of a slow posyandu can be an obstacle to the implementation of health development. The number of integrated posyandu currently shows that the posyandu performance is not optimal yet. Level of integrated posyandu in Indonesia (in 2004) that is only about 2.91%. This is apparent in Sidabowa Village, integrared posyandu only about 9.09% (1 of 11 posyandu). One of the dominant factors that affect the condition is the role of health cadres. Health cadres as community counselors should have a good level of knowledge. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of training to increase cadre knowledge about posyandu level and medicinal plants (TOGA). This research uses quasi experiment design method. The sample in this study is health cadres who attended the training. The results of this study indicate that the provision of education through training is effective in improving cadre knowledge (p <0.05).Keywords: Cadre, TOGA, posyandu, sidabow

The potentiation effect of Bawang Dayak (Sisyrinchium palmifolium L.) extract on T47D cell growth inhibition after 5-fluorouracil treatment

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is chemotherapy agents that used in breast cancer treatment that has toxic effects such as myelotoxicity. its effectiveness relatively low. Bawang Dayak has been widely empirically used as a breast cancer treatment. This study's aims were to determine the sensitivity of 5-FU against T47D cells, as single and its combination with EBD, to determine apoptotic induction, and the inhibitory effect of T47D cell cycle. The cytotoxic assay was using the MTT method with the concetration of 5-FU (0-600μg / mL) and EBD (0-250μg / mL). Apoptotic induction analysis were determined by PI/annexin V. Both of apoptotic and cell cycle analysis was performed by flowcytometry. The results of the 5-FU and EBD cytotoxic test on T47D cells obtained IC50 274μg/mL and 75μg/mL, respectively. The combination of 5-FU and EBD has a mild to strong synergistic effect (CI 0.829 and 0.779). its ombined treatment induced apoptosis in T47D cells by 21.33%. Combination of these combinations caused cell accumulation in G0-G1 phase of 57.11%, greater than control (41.20%). Provision of 5-FU and EBD combination treatments causes disturbance and damage to cells that cause cell cycle arrest in the G0-G1 phase and can not proceed to the next phase. The combination of 5-fluorouracil and EBD has a synergistic effect as breast cancer co-chemotherapy is able to induce apoptosis against T47D cells by triggering cell accumulation in G0-G1 phase. The extract of Bawang Dayak has a high potential to be developed as co-chemotherapy in breast cancer

EFFECT OF LATEX FROM MUSA PARADISIACA VAR. SAPIENTUM AND CARICA PAPAYA L. ON PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION FIBROBLAST CELL NIH3T3

Objective: The objective of this research was to screen phytochemical constituents and determine the activity of latex from Musa paradisiacavar. sapientum and Carica papaya L. to the process of wound healing in NIH3T3 fibroblasts cells through observations of the proliferation andmigration of cells.Materials and Methods: Screening phytochemical compounds of latex from M. paradisiaca var. sapientum and C. papaya L. used chemical reagent.Cytotoxic activity using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The proliferation test used the doubling timemethod at a susceptible incubation time of 0, 24, 48, and 72 h with a concentration of 25 μg/mL–250 μg/mL. The migration test was carried out usingthe scratch wound healing method with a concentration of 25 μg/mL–250 μg/mL in the time range of 0, 12, 24, and 48 h.Results: Phytochemical compounds contained in the latex from M. paradisiaca var. sapientum (saponin and tannin) and C. papaya L. (saponin andalkaloid). The cytotoxic assay results showed that no toxic effect for NIH3T3 fibroblasts cells (IC50 >1000 μg/mL). Cell proliferation and migrationtest results showed an increase in NIH3T3 fibroblast cell proliferation and migration process compared to controls. The concentration of 250 μg/mLof latex from M. paradisiaca var. sapientum and C. papaya L. is the best to increase of proliferation and migration process of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells.Conclusion: This study concludes that the latex of M. paradisiaca var. sapientum and C. papaya L. has the potential to increase proliferation andmigration activity of NIH3T3 cells

ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF JUICE AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF GARCINIA MANGOSTANA L. LEAVES

Objective: Garcinia mangostana is a plant that can be used as a traditional medicine to treat various infectious diseases for the treatment of diarrhea, skin infection, and chronic wounds. The activity as antifungal and antibacterial of juice and ethanolic extract from G. mangostana leaves were investigated. Methods: Juice and ethanolic extract were concentrated using a rotary evaporator to get concentrated extract with rendemen 2.571 and 5.647% (w/w). Juice and ethanolic extract dilution method were employed to evaluate the antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ethanolic extract dilution method was used to assess the antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Results: The results of this research showed that juice and ethanolic extract were effective against S. cerevisiae, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was 1000, and 500 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity of the G. mangostana leaves ethanolic extract showed that the action was potential with the inhibition zone in B. subtilis and E. coli. Conclusions: The conclusion of this study is that juice and ethanolic extract of G. mangostana leaves have possible antifungal and antibacterial activity

ANTIBACTERIAL, IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ELECTROLYZED OXIDIZING/REDUCING WATER

Objective: Electrolyzed oxidizing/reducing water is popular as health beneficial water in Indonesia. In this study, we examined the level of antibacterial,anticancer, and antioxidant activity of the electrolyzed water.Methods: The efficacy of electrolyzed water produced by Enagic® at six level pH (2.5, 6.0, 7.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5) was investigated. Antibacterialactivity was evaluated using a macrodilution method. The anticancer activity was performed against human breast cancer (T47D) cell lines using3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was determined using antioxidant model,2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity.Results: The results show that electrolyzed water exhibited antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis.Among six level pH, electrolyzed water at pH 2.5 showed the highest antibacterial activity. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of electrolyzed water showedpotential moderate cytotoxicity. The activity tends to be higher in alkaline electrolyzed water. However, the electrolyzed water showed free radicalscavenging activity.Conclusion: Electrolyzed water that marked in Indonesia has some potential health benefits. The activity is dependent on pH

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN ADAM HAWA (Rhoeo discolor) DAN DAUN PUCUK MERAH (Syzygium campanulatum Korth.) DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR GULA DARAH PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR DENGAN PEMBEBANAN GLUKOSA

Penderita diabetes melitus terus semakin meningkat seiring dengan pola hidup yang tidak seimbang. Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar gula darah di atas normal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek ekstrak etanol daun adam hawa (Rhoeo discolor) dan daun pucuk merah (Syzygium campanulatum Korth.) terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang dibebankan glukosa. Pada penelitian ini tikus jantan galur wistar dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol positif (glibenklamida 0,6 mg/kg bb), kontrol negatif (CMC-Na), tiga kelompok ekstrak etanol daun adam hawa (dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kg bb) dan tiga kelompok ekstrak etanol daun pucuk merah (dosis 300, 600, dan 1200 mg/kg bb. Data diperoleh dengan mengukur kadar gula darah tikus 30 menit setelah pemberian glukosa dan pada menit ke-30, 60, 90, dan 120 setelah perlakuan. Hasil uji penelusuran kandungan senyawa kimia menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Lipis (KLT) dan pereaksi semprot menunjukkan adanya golongan senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, dan terpenoid pada ekstrak daun adam hawa, sedangkan ekstrak etanol daun pucuk merah hanya mengandung flavonoid dan terpenoid. Hasil uji statistika menggunakan Anova dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Post Hoc LSD menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara ekstrak daun adam hawa (dosis 200 dan 400 mg/kg bb) dan ekstrak daun pucuk merah (300 dan 600 mg/kg bb) dengan glibenklamida (0,6 mg/kg bb) dalam aktivitasnya untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus. Dosis rendah (100 mg/kg bb) pada adam hawa dan dosis tinggi pada pucuk merah (1200 mg/kg bb) tidak menunjukkan efek hipoglikemik pada tikus. Ekstrak adam hawa dan pucuk merah diduga mempunyai aktivitas antidiabetik yang tergantung dosis (dose dependent). Patients with diabetes mellitus are increasing with the behavior of an unbalanced life. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemic. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adam hawa (Rhoeo discolor) and pucuk merah (Syzygium campanulatum Korth.) ethanolic leaves extract to decrease blood sugar levels on male wistar rats induced by glucose. Rats were divided into 5 groups: the normal control group, positive control group (glibenclamide 0.6 mg/kg), negative control group (CMC-Na), ethanolic extract of adam hawa group with doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw and ethanolic extract pucuk merah group with doses of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg bw. Blood glucose levels were measured 30 minutes before and 30, 60, 120 minutes after per oral glucose induction. The results of phytochemical screening using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) shown ethanolic extract of adam hawa contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoid, while ethanolic extract of pucuk merah only contained flavonoids and terpenoids. Glucose blood levels and AUC datas were statistically analyzed using Oneway Anova and continued with LSD. The datas shown no significant difference between the ethanolic extract of adam hawa (200 and 400 mg/kg bw) and pucuk merah (300 and 600 mg/kg bw) compared with that of glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg bw) (p>0.05). The ethanolic extract of adam hawa at lower dose (100 mg/kg bw) and pucuk merah at higher dose (1200 mg/kg bw) did not exhibit hipoglicemic effect on rats. Both extracts seems to have antidiabetic properties with dose dependent manner

Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Anti Aging Body Butter dengan Bahan Aktif Ekstrak Daun Kelor

Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) was one of plants that containt phenol compounds such as alkaloid, tannin, saponin and flavonoid that were useful as a antioxidant and anti aging. The aim of this research was to prove antioxidant and anti aging’s activity of Moringa leaf. The extraction process of Moringa leaf using Maseration method with ethanol solvent 70 % ratio 1:10, then the antioxidant properties determinate using beta carotene bleaching (BCB) and anti aging’s activity test was done, after that formulated the body butter with activeingredient of Moringa leaf extract 0,5 %. Moringa extract contains total phenolic 10,45 mg GAE/g extract and 5,53 % of total flavonoid. The result showed that Moringa leaf extract had inhibition of beta carotene bleaching properties as shown by BCB results. Moringa leaf extract inhibit the collagenase activity until 47,25 % at concentration of 1600 ppm. Moringa leaf extract body butter has high potency of antiaging through antioxidant and collagenase inhibitor mechanism. Moringa body butter had good organoleptic properties. However the physical properties of moringa body butter should be optimozed its composition to get the better one.Daun Kelor  (Moringa oleifera) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung senyawa fenol seperti alkaloid tannin saponin dan flavonoid yang berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan dan anti  aging. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan aktivitas antioksidan dan anti aging daun kelor serta membuat Formulasi Body Butter dari ekstrak daun kelor. Proses ekstraksi daun kelor metode Maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70 % perbandingan 1:10 kemudian dilakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode beta caroten bleaching (BCB) dan anti aging selanjutnya dilakukan formulasi body butter dengan bahan aktif ekstrak daun kelor 0,5 %. Hasil penetapan kadar Fenolik total dan Flavonoid total ekstrak daun kelor menunjukkan kadar yang dihasilkan yaitu sebesar 10,45 mgGAE/g ekstrak untuk fenolik total dan 5,53 % untuk Flavonoid Total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun kelor memiliki aktivitas penghambatan proses pemucatan beta karoten (inhibitor BCB) dan inhibitor enzim kolagenase dengan persentase penghambatan sebesar 47 %. Body Butter ekstrak daun kelor mempunyai potensi sebagai antiaging melalui mekanisme anti oksidan dan inhibitor kolagenase. Body butter ekstrak daun kelor mempunyai penampakan organoleptis yang sudah baik dan menarik. Namun sifat fisik dari moringa body butter masih memerlukan optimasi agar lebih baik dan memenuhi standar yang telah ditetapkan

Potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) and andrographolide: A systematic review

Introduction: Herb-drug interactions (HDIs) in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics can occur when natural compounds are used in combination with drugs. This study aimed to review the potential interaction of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) extract (APE) and its primary compound andrographolide (AND) with several drugs exhibiting various pharmacological activities. Methods: In this systematic review, articles were collected from international databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Scopus until August 2021. The following keywords were used: Andrographis paniculata, andrographolide, HDI, drug interaction, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacology. This review was written in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), SYRCLE's risk of bias (RoB) tool for animal intervention studies, and Cochrane RoB 2 tool to analyze the RoB for qualitative assessment. Results: Twelve articles were included in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. Five studies explored the potential of HDIs for combining APE with drugs and AND with theophylline, etoricoxib, nabumetone, naproxen, and tolbutamide. Five studies focused on AND in combination with aminophylline and doxofylline, meloxicam, glyburide, glimepiride, metformin, and warfarin. Two studies tested the combination of APE with gliclazide and midazolam. The HDI mechanism involving the inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 enzyme expression was dominant in influencing the drug's pharmacokinetic profile. Pharmacological studies on the combination of several drugs, particularly anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic drugs, showed a synergistic activity. Conclusion: APE and AND have potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic HDIs with various drugs. This study can be used as a therapeutic consideration in clinical aspects related to the possibility of HDIs of A. paniculata (Burm. f.). © 2022 Nickan Research Institute. All rights reserved

Molecular interactions of Andrographis paniculata Burm. f. Active Compound with Nuclear Receptor (CAR and PXR): An In Silico Assessment Approach

The study aims to analyze the potential Herb-Drug Interactions (HDIs) of the chemical compound in Andrographis paniculate Burm. f. against Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) and Pregnane X Receptor (PXR). The 1XVP and 1SKX obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) were used as the targeted protein. The molecular docking analysis was done using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) and molecular dynamics simulation using Gromacs. The results of the docking analysis showed that 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide had the strongest binding energy (1XVP-21.0998 Å) with the Arene-H binding type on Tyr326 and Andrographidine A had the strongest binding energy (1SKX-24.7363 Å) with the Arene-H binding type on Trp299. While Andrographolide is the major component, it also has a high affinity for the two PDB IDs (1XVP-17.4044 Å and 1SKX-21.8881 Å). Based on the RMSD value, the radius of gyration (Rg), and MM/PBSA on molecular dynamic simulations, it shows that the ligand and protein complex as a whole can bind strongly to amino acid residues at the active site. The complex also has sufficient stability and good affinity. Therefore, this study can predict the mechanism in HDIs, especially in CYP 450 expression through the activation pathways of CAR and PXR receptors. © 2022, Gadjah Mada University. All rights reserved