A generalization of the associated functional to the Lebesgue measure

AbstractIn this paper we analyse a linear functional defined in the space of Laurent polynomials which can be considered as a generalization of the Lebesgue functional. We study the regularity and the semiclassical character of the functional and we construct the corresponding sequence of orthogonal polynomials.Also, we obtain the differential equation that this family and the associated polynomials of first order satisfy

Qué papel juega el hongo Phytophthora cinnamomi en el desarrollo de la regeneración natural y repoblaciones de encina y alcornoque

Se presentan los resultados resumidos de tres trabajos realizados para conocer el papel que juega el hongo Phytophthora cinnamomi en el desarrollo de plántulas de encina (Quercus ilex) y alcornoque (Quercus suber). Se realizaron dos prospecciones para detectar la presencia de P.cinnamomi en focos de seca en dehesas de encina y alcornoque de Extremadura en 1991-1992 y 1999-2000. El porcentaje de focos en los que se detectó la presencia de P. cinnamomi ha permanecido relativamente estable entre las dos prospecciones. También se determinó la tasa de crecimiento relativo para nueve aislados de P. cinnamomi a diferentes temperaturas, observando una elevada variabilidad tanto en la temperatura óptima de crecimiento como en el valor de la propia tasa diaria de crecimiento máxima. También se estudió la emergencia y supervivencia de plántulas de encina y alcornoque procedentes de dos dehesas ecológicamente diferentes, cultivadas en condiciones controladas en suelos de estas dehesas infectados naturalmente con P. cinnamomi y en estos mismos suelos previamente desinfectados en autoclave. Un factor limitante en los procesos de regeneración natural y en las repoblaciones por siembra directa de encinas y alcornoque puede ser su alta susceptibilidad a las infecciones por P. cinnamomi.Por último, se estudió durante dos años consecutivos, la supervivencia de las plantas de encina de una repoblación sobre un suelo naturalmente infectado con P. cinnamomi en la provincia de Badajoz (SO de España). Los resultados obtenidos se discuten teniendo en cuenta el déficit hídrico, los daños por P. cinnamomi, la competencia con otras especies y las posibles medidas sanitarias que amortigüen los daños en las repoblaciones con encinas._______________________________Three different studies were performed with the aim to determine the role of Phytophthora cinnamomi in the early development of seedlings of holm oak (Quercus ilex) and cork oak (Quercus suber). Two surveys, for the presence of Phytophthora cinnamomi in declining holm oak and cork oak stands in Extremadura (SW Spain) were performed in 1991-1992 and 1999-2000. The percentage of decline foci where P. cinnamomi is envolved has remained relatively stable in the lapse of time between the two surveys. Growth rates were determined for 9 P. cinnamomi isolates. Considerable variation in optimum growth temperatures and in daily growth rates occurred among isolates. The emergence and survival of pregerminated holm oak and cork oak acorns from two ecologically different dehesas (Mediterranean open woodlands) were studied in two soils from these stands naturally infected with P. cinnamomi, and in the same soils previously sterilized in the autoclave. The demonstrated high susceptibility of holm and cork oak young seedlings to P. cinnamomi could be a limiting factor in mediterranean opend woodlands (dehesas) not only in natural regenerationprocesses but also when reforestation by direct sowing is implemented. Finally, the viability of 1 year old holm oak seedlings in a soil naturally infected with P. cinnamomi was studied during two consecutive years in a plot located in SW Spain. Results obtained are discussed in the framework of seasonal water deficit, P. cinnamomi damage, weed competition and sanitation thechniques to be used in declined holm oak stands in Spain

Hydroformylation of synthetic naphtha catalyzed by a dinuclear gem-dithiolato-bridged rhodium(I) complex

This work focuses on the use of a gem-dithiolato-bridged rhodium(I) Rh 2(µ-S 2CBn 2)(cod) 2 complex (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, Bn 2CS 2 2- = 1,3-diphenyl-2,2-dithiolatopropane) dissolved in toluene in the presence of monodentate phosphite P-donor ligand (P(OPh) 3) under carbon monoxide/hydrogen (1:1, syngas) atmosphere as an effective catalyst for hydroformylation of some olefins (oxo-reactions). The capability of this system to catalyze the hydroformylation of hex-1-ene, cyclohexene, 2,3-dimethyl-but-1-ene and 2-methyl-pent-2-ene and their quaternary mixture (synthetic naphtha) has been demonstrated. This innovative method to perform the in situ hydroformylation of the olefins present in naphthas to oxygenated products would be a promissory work for a future industrial catalytic process applicable to gasoline improving based on oxo-reactions. An important observation is that variation of CO/H 2 pressure (6.8-34.0 atm), temperature (60-80 oC), reaction time (2-10 h), rhodium concentration ((1.0-1.8)x10 -3 mol/L) affect hydroformylation reaction rates. Optimal conversion to oxygenated products were achieved under Rh = 1.8 x10 -2 mol/L, P(CO/H 2) = 34 atm (CO/H 2 = 1:1) at 80 oC for 10 h

Comparison of several ELISA tests for detecting the presence of IgG and IgM against herpes simplex viruses

Four enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays designated test 1 (ETI-HSVK-G 1/2); test 2 (ETI-HSVK-M 1/2); test 3 (ETI-HSVK-G 2), and test 4 (BioElisa HSV2 IgG) were studied to evaluate different stages of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Samples (50 sera and 14 cerebrospinal fluid) were included in four groups. Group 1 consisted of samples from patients with primary HSV infections; group 2 comprised samples from patients with recurrent HSV infections; group 3 were samples nonreactive to HSV; and group 4 were samples from patients with infections by other herpes viruses (4a, chickenpox; 4b, herpes zoster; and 4c, infectious mononucleosis by Epstein-Barr virus). The percentages of agreement between tests 1 and 2 were 100 and 72.1%, respectively. The total diagnostic values of tests 1 and 2 were: 100 and 50% sensitivity, respectively; and 100 and 89% specificity, respectively. Few positive results for HSV-2 infection were found, and so, tests 3 and 4 were not evaluated. The results of tests 3 and 4 for a chickenpox patient, and a herpes zoster patient were not in agreement

Rehabilitation services for young-onset dementia: examples from high- and low–middle-income countries

The WHO Dementia Global Action Plan states that rehabilitation services for dementia are required to promote health, reduce disability, and maintain quality of life for those living with dementia. Current services, however, are scarce, particularly for people with young-onset dementia (YOD). This article, written by an international group of multidisciplinary dementia specialists, offers a three-part overview to promote the development of rehabilitation services for YOD. Firstly, we provide a synthesis of knowledge on current evidence-based rehabilitative therapies for early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD), behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). Secondly, we discuss the characteristics of rehabilitation services for YOD, providing examples across three continents for how these services can be embedded in existing settings and the different roles of the rehabilitation multidisciplinary team. Lastly, we conclude by highlighting the potential of telehealth in making rehabilitation services more accessible for people with YOD. Overall, with this paper, we aim to encourage clinical leads to begin introducing at least some rehabilitation into their services, leveraging existing resources and finding support in the collective expertise of the broader multidisciplinary dementia professional community