A sinking heart: Whose problem is it? Under fives work in the surgery of a general practitioner.

Book Synopsis. This volume is the result of over twenty years of therapeutic interventions with families within the Tavistock Clinic's Under Fives Service. It describes in detail the process of understanding young children's communications and behaviour and the dynamics of family relationships within the consulting room in a lively, accessible style. It covers common themes in work with young children such as disruptive, angry behaviour, separation and sleep difficulties, and problems in the parent/couple relationship. This book is essential reading for all early years professionals hoping to gain a greater understanding of the technique, observational skills and theory which underlie a psychodynamic approach to work with the under fives

Diversification, Risk Aversion and Expectation in a Holdout Scenario

We argue a holdout is not a destructive investor behaviour but a rational investment decision. This investment decision is characterised by the mean-variance approach. We investigate intercreditor conflict by diverse portfolio structure. We demonstrate that at some point during the Greek (2012) and Argentine (2005) debt restructuring programs it was reasonable for the investor to hold out. This model shows that the investment decision is based on the portfolio structure, risk aversion and expected payment of the debtor, so there is no free-rider behaviour. On the contrary, the investor harms herself when playing a destructive or uncooperative strategy

ER-to-Golgi trafficking of procollagen in the absence of large carriers

AbstractSecretion and assembly of collagen is fundamental to the function of the extracellular matrix. Defects in the assembly of a collagen matrix lead to pathologies including fibrosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. Owing to the size of fibril-forming procollagen molecules it is assumed that they are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi in specialised large COPII-dependent carriers. Here, analysing endogenous procollagen and a new engineered GFP-tagged form, we show that transport to the Golgi occurs in the absence of large carriers. Large GFP-positive structures are observed occasionally but these are non-dynamic, are not COPII-positive, and label with markers of the ER. We propose a “short-loop” model of COPII-dependent ER-to-Golgi traffic that, while consistent with models of ERGIC-dependent expansion of COPII carriers, does not invoke long-range trafficking of large vesicular structures. Our findings provide an important insight into the process of procollagen trafficking and reveal a short-loop pathway from the ER to the Golgi, without the use of large carriers.SummaryTrafficking of procollagen is essential for normal cell function. Here, imaging of GFP-tagged type I procollagen reveals that it is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, without the use of large carriers.</jats:sec

Genome-wide association study identifies six new loci influencing pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure.

Numerous genetic loci have been associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Europeans. We now report genome-wide association studies of pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). In discovery (N = 74,064) and follow-up studies (N = 48,607), we identified at genome-wide significance (P = 2.7 × 10(-8) to P = 2.3 × 10(-13)) four new PP loci (at 4q12 near CHIC2, 7q22.3 near PIK3CG, 8q24.12 in NOV and 11q24.3 near ADAMTS8), two new MAP loci (3p21.31 in MAP4 and 10q25.3 near ADRB1) and one locus associated with both of these traits (2q24.3 near FIGN) that has also recently been associated with SBP in east Asians. For three of the new PP loci, the estimated effect for SBP was opposite of that for DBP, in contrast to the majority of common SBP- and DBP-associated variants, which show concordant effects on both traits. These findings suggest new genetic pathways underlying blood pressure variation, some of which may differentially influence SBP and DBP

An examination of the relevance of the study of infant observation to psychoanalytic psychotherapy trainings

This thesis examines whether the study of infant observation can be shown to contribute to the development of the capacities and skills that are needed for becoming a psychoanalytic psychotherapist. Considerable attention is given to examining what these might be. From looking closely at techniques employed within a therapy session a set of skills likely to be accepted by the community of practitioners was created. The views of writers and teachers of infant observation on the capacities and skills gained from studying it were outlined in detail. It was then possible to examine whether the capacities and skills needed for psychotherapeutic work matched those said to be gained from infant observation, and to address briefly whether child and adult psychotherapists might need different capacities and skills for their work, in order to see whether infant observation might therefore have different contributions to make. A number of areas appeared to match in the literature. To examine this empirically students from four psychoanalytic or psychotherapy training institutions were interviewed in groups before they had begun observing infants and again about nine months later. Their discussions were recorded. The transcripts were examined and the way principles of grounded theory were used to generate a list of the themes addressed is made explicit. A narrative and a chart were created showing where there was an increase in relevant dimensions between the pre and post observation interviews. Careful mapping work was carried out to see in what ways and to what degree relevant capacities and skills were increased over the time of the observation period. An alternative way of looking at the gains using a more holistic approach is briefly examined. Acknowledging that not all the increases are necessarily the result of infant observation alone, the thesis concludes that infant observation greatly enhances many of the capacities and skills valued in psychotherapeutic work

Infant observation and research. Emotional processes in everyday lives

Psychoanalytic infant observation is frequently used in training psychoanalytic psychotherapists and allied professionals, but increasingly its value as a research method is being recognised, particularly in understanding developmental processes in vulnerable individuals and groups. This book explores the scope of this approach and discusses its strengths and limitations from a methodological and philosophical point of view. Infant Observation and Research uses detailed case studies to demonstrate the research potential of the infant observation method. Divided into three sections this book covers •infant observation as part of the learning process •how infant observation can inform understanding and influence practice •psychoanalytic infant observation and other methodologies. Throughout the book, Cathy Urwin, Janine Sternberg and their contributors introduce the reader to the nature and value of psychoanalytic infant observation and its range of application. This book will therefore interest a range of mental health practitioners concerned with early development and infants' emotional relationships, as well as academics and researchers in the social sciences and humanities