Актуализация этических кодексов в контексте современной культуры

Рассмотрены предпосылки актуализации этических кодексов в рамках современной социокультурной ситуации. С позиций системного подхода проанализированы перспективы развития и реализации этических кодексов в контексте коммуникативной рациональности

Elevation in response to entertainment portrayals of moral virtue

Media psychologists have long puzzled over how individuals can experience enjoyment from entertainment such as tragedies that often elicit profound feelings of sadness. The present research examines the idea that a focus on “meaningful” entertainment and affective responses identified as “elevation” may provide a framework for understanding many examples of sad or dramatic entertainment. The results of this study suggest that many types of meaningful cinematic entertainment feature portrayals of moral virtues (e.g., altruism). These portrayals, in turn, elicit feelings of elevation (e.g., inspiration) that are signified in terms of mixed affect and unique physical responses (e.g., lump in throat). Ultimately, elevation also gives rise to motivations to embody moral virtues, such as being a better person or helping others

Reversibility of minor hysteresis loops in magnetocaloric Heusler alloys

The unavoidable existence of thermal hysteresis in magnetocaloric materials with a first-order phase transition is one of the central problems limiting their implementation in cooling devices. Using minor loops, however, allows achieving significant cyclic effects even in materials with relatively large hysteresis. Here, we compare thermometric measurements of the adiabatic temperature change Delta T-ad and calorimetric measurements of the isothermal entropy change Delta S-T when moving in minor hysteresis loops driven by magnetic fields. Under cycling in 2 T, the Ni-Mn-In-Co Heusler material provides a reversible magnetocaloric effect of Delta S-T(rev) = 10.5 J kg(-1) K-1 and Delta T-ad(rev) = 3.0 K. Even though the thermodynamic conditions and time scales are very different in adiabatic and isothermal minor loops, it turns out that after a suitable scaling, a self-consistent reversibility region in the entropy diagram is found. This region is larger than expected from basic thermodynamic considerations based on isofield measurements alone, which opens new opportunities in application. Published by AIP Publishing

Risk factors for L5 pedicle fractures after single-level posterior spinal fusion

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Pedicle fractures are a rare but potentially devastating complication of posterior instrumented spinal fusion (PSF). Preoperative awareness of the possible risk factors may help prevent these fractures by modifying the surgical plan. However, the risk factors have not yet been identified. PURPOSE To determine the preoperative parameters associated with postoperative L5 pedicle fracture after L4/5 PSF. STUDY DESIGN Case control study. PATIENT SAMPLE Patients undergoing L4/5 PSF at a single academic institution between 2014 and 2020. OUTCOME MEASURES Occurrence of postoperative L5 pedicle fracture. METHODS Of 253 patients (female:male, 145:108) undergoing L4/5 PSF from 2014 to 2020, patients with postoperative L5 pedicle fractures were identified retrospectively as "cases" (n = 8, all female, age: 70 ± 10.7 years). As a control group all remaining patients with a follow-up of more than 12 months were allocated (n = 184, 104 females, age: 64.27 ± 13.00 years). In all but 16 cases, anterior support with transforaminal or posterior interbody fusion was performed. Demographic and clinical data (body mass index (BMI)), surgical factors, and comorbidities) were compared. Radiological assessment of spinopelvic parameters was performed using pre- and postoperative standing lateral radiographs. RESULTS The overall incidence of L5 pedicle fractures after L4/5 spinal fusion was 3.16%, with a median time from index surgery to diagnosis of 25 days (range, 6-199 days) (75% within the first 32 days postoperatively). Patients with L5 pedicle fractures had higher pelvic incidence (PI) (71° ± 9° vs. 56° ± 11°; p=.001), sacral slope (SS) (45° ± 7° vs. 35° ± 8°; p=.002), L5 slope (30° ± 11° vs. 15° ± 10°, p=.001), L5 incidence (42° ± 14° vs. 26° ± 11°; p= .003), L1-S1 lumbar lordosis (LL) postop (57° ± 10° vs. 45° ± 11°; p=.006), and L4 -S1 LL postop (33° ± 7° vs. 28° ± 7°; p=.049) compared with the control group. Pelvic tilt and PI- LL mismatch were not significantly different. Female gender was a significant risk factor for L5 pedicle fractures (p=.015). BMI (kg/m$^{2}$) was statistically equal in patients with or without pedicle fractures (28.37 ± 5.96 vs. 28.53 ± 16.32; p=.857). There was no significant difference between the groups for approximative bone mineral density assessment (Hounsfield units; 113 ± 60 vs. 120 ± 43; p=.396) using the L3 trabecular region of interest (ROI) measurement. The correlation analysis demonstrated that most of the identified risk factors except for the postoperative L4-S1 lordosis show significant positive associations among each other. All eight patients in the fracture group underwent revision surgery, and the instrumented fusion was extended to the sacrum, with the addition of sacral-alar-iliac or iliac screws, in six cases. CONCLUSIONS L5 pedicle fractures occurred in 3% of the patients after single level L4/5 PSF. Risk factors are female gender, higher PI, SS, L5 slope, L5 incidence, and LL postop but not high BMI. These findings can be used for surgical planning and decision of fusion levels

Synthesizing diverse evidence: the use of primary qualitative data analysis methods and logic models in public health reviews

Objectives: The nature of public health evidence presents challenges for conventional systematic review processes, with increasing recognition of the need to include a broader range of work including observational studies and qualitative research, yet with methods to combine diverse sources remaining underdeveloped. The objective of this paper is to report the application of a new approach for review of evidence in the public health sphere. The method enables a diverse range of evidence types to be synthesized in order to examine potential relationships between a public health environment and outcomes. Study design: The study drew on previous work by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence on conceptual frameworks. It applied and further extended this work to the synthesis of evidence relating to one particular public health area: the enhancement of employee mental well-being in the workplace. Methods: The approach utilized thematic analysis techniques from primary research, together with conceptual modelling, to explore potential relationships between factors and outcomes. Results: The method enabled a logic framework to be built from a diverse document set that illustrates how elements and associations between elements may impact on the well-being of employees. Conclusions: Whilst recognizing potential criticisms of the approach, it is suggested that logic models can be a useful way of examining the complexity of relationships between factors and outcomes in public health, and of highlighting potential areas for interventions and further research. The use of techniques from primary qualitative research may also be helpful in synthesizing diverse document types. (C) 2010 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (SERVS): The Environments of High-z SDSS Quasi-Stellar-Objects

This paper presents a study of the environments of SDSS Quasi-Stellar-Objects (QSOs) in the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (SERVS). We concentrate on the high-redshift QSOs as these have not been studied in large numbers with data of this depth before. We use the IRAC 3.6-4.5{\mu}m colour of objects and ancillary r-band data to filter out as much foreground contamination as possible. This technique allows us to find a significant (> 4-{\sigma}) over-density of galaxies around QSOs in a redshift bin centred on z ~ 2.0 and a (> 2-{\sigma}) over-density of galaxies around QSOs in a redshift bin centred on z ~ 3.3. We compare our findings to the predictions of a semi-analytic galaxy formation model, based on the {\Lambda}CDM millennium simulation, and find for both redshift bins that the model predictions match well the source-density we have measured from the SERVS data.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, Accepted by Ap

A quantum coherent spin in a two-dimensional material at room temperature

Quantum networks and sensing require solid-state spin-photon interfaces that combine single-photon generation and long-lived spin coherence with scalable device integration, ideally at ambient conditions. Despite rapid progress reported across several candidate systems, those possessing quantum coherent single spins at room temperature remain extremely rare. Here, we report quantum coherent control under ambient conditions of a single-photon emitting defect spin in a a two-dimensional material, hexagonal boron nitride. We identify that the carbon-related defect has a spin-triplet electronic ground-state manifold. We demonstrate that the spin coherence is governed predominantly by coupling to only a few proximal nuclei and is prolonged by decoupling protocols. Our results allow for a room-temperature spin qubit coupled to a multi-qubit quantum register or quantum sensor with nanoscale sample proximity