Promoting and Nurturing Interactions with Open Access Books: Strategies for Publishers and Authors (1.0).:A COPIM WP6 Research and Scoping Report

This report explores how publishers and authors can promote, nurture, and facilitate interaction with openly available books. Open access (obviously) opens up scholarship, but it also offers scope to enhance interactions between books, scholars, publishers, resources, librarians, and of course readers. This might take the form of creating communities and conversations around books, of gathering comments and hyperlinks, or of enabling updating, remixing and reusing, translating, modifying, reviewing, versioning, and forking of existing books. Open access, in short can create additional value and new avenues and formats that go beyond openness, by changing how people interact with books. Research shows that making books available in open access enhances discovery and online consultation (Snijder, 2019), but the short outline above makes clear that there is still a lot to be done to stimulate, explore, and practice the full range of book interactions made possible by open access. The first part of this report provides a literature overview that identifies the opportunities that digital technologies and enhanced interactions with open access books can provide for scholarship; it outlines some of the main types of interactions around scholarship—and around and as part of open access books more in particular—that scholars are involved in; and it showcases some of the experiments within humanities book publishing with reuse and remix; finally it presents some of the main (technological and socio-cultural) inhibitions that have prevented further uptake of these practices. The second part of this report more closely explores the technical dependencies that the introduced interactions and affordances rely upon. Doing so, it outlines and showcases various open source tools, software, technologies, platforms, infrastructures, guidelines and best practices, that lend themselves to being adopted by publishers and authors (or by publishers and authors working in collaboration with each other) to facilitate interaction around their book(s). The third part of this report then summarises the findings of the previous parts and provides recommendations, guidelines, and strategies (again, both socio-cultural and technological) for publishers and authors to further open up their books and collections to community interaction and reuse. Who is this Report for? The main communities we want to reach with this report are publishers and authors/scholars (or communities of scholars), to explore how they, by experimenting and often just making simple adjustments, can start to open up and stimulate interactions around their books. Where larger (commercial) publishers often have the resources to develop tools and workflows for interaction in-house (and often proprietary), scholar-led publishers, for example, although they have been at the vanguard of more experimental forms of publishing, have indicated that they often lack expertise and familiarity with more experimental forms of publishing and with the tools available to support them (Adema and Stone, 2017). We therefore focus in this report on open source tools and openly and freely available resources and guidelines that can help small-scale and not-for-profit book publishers that cannot afford to build their own custom platforms, to stimulate engagement around books. We also show various examples throughout this report of how publishers, publishing collectives and platforms, authors, and scholarly communities already are stimulating interaction around books in interesting ways and the tools and practices they have adopted to do so. This report focuses on interactions with books and on books within the humanities and social sciences in particular. Many of the types of interaction and interactive practices we describe within this report (such as for example open peer review and data mining), are being used and adopted more commonly within the STEM fields (where their uptake is also more widely researched). The humanities (and to a lesser extent the social sciences) in general have lower adoption rates where it concerns these types of practices and also have field specific preferences (as well as prejudices) towards many of these practices, which will be taken into account and further discussed in this report. Types of Interaction As part of our research we have identified several types of scholarly interaction taking place around books. The first part of this report is structured around some of the more common kinds of interaction that open access books afford: annotations, open peer review, remix and reuse, social scholarship and networked books, and emergent practices (including versioning, forking, and human computer interactions). This report doesn’t aim to cover all forms of interaction around books but has chosen to focus on the kinds of interactions that publishers and scholars would be able to promote and recreate with relatively simple adaptations to their workflows, systems, practices, and licensing. Each of the above identified types of interaction around books will be discussed in the next section, including how we can stimulate them and what obstacles currently exist towards their more general implementation. Throughout the next part of this report we will also be providing examples from within humanities book publishing to illustrate the different kinds of interaction. --- --- --- --- --- --- The report has itself been published in an experimental way. Making use of the advanced versioning functionalities offered by PubPub, we will iteratively update this document over the remainder of the project, thus allowing us to incorporate user feedback and new technological developments. Hence, we would be really grateful for constructive feedback from the communities out there who are already experimenting with new forms of interaction. Please don’t hesitate to leave comments either on the PubPub version (account and login required), or get in touch via email at [email protected] The report is published as a PDF here on Zenodo, while a more interactive book version that is available as a PubPub book.Community-led Open Publishing Infrastructures for Monographs (COPIM) is supported by the Research England Development (RED) Fund, and Arcadia—a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin

CIDADES INTELIGENTES: em busca de uma nova metanarrativa?

Apresentação do Professor Steiner sobre Cidades Sustentáveis, apresentada durante o ENSUS 201

Entre transformações e permanências: os institutos de planejamento urbano de Florianópolis e Joinville

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Florianópolis, 2015.O Brasil tem vivenciado, nas últimas décadas, rápidas transformações institucionais, econômicas, políticas e territoriais. No planejamento urbano, estas mutações impõem um cenário de crise, não somente aos tradicionais modelos urbanísticos e referenciais teóricos, mas também ao chamado conhecimento competente sobre a cidade. Um conhecimento que foi, por muito tempo, quase que uma exclusividade dos profissionais lotados em órgãos públicos locais de planejamento. É neste cenário que em diferentes regiões do mundo verifica-se a multiplicação de dispositivos que demandam participação social e descentralização dos processos decisórios. A dinâmica institucional de descentralização frente a uma sociedade plural tem estruturado novos conflitos, sinergias, competências e responsabilidades entre atores públicos e privados. Neste ambiente complexo, as formas tradicionais de planejamento urbano são questionadas e o papel dos técnicos do planejamento urbano é relativizado: impõe-se uma dinâmica de declínio e perda de legitimidade de suas formas habituais de atuação. A presente investigação busca colaborar na compreensão destas transformações a partir do interior das instâncias locais de planejamento urbano. Para tanto desenvolvemos um estudo nos dois mais populosos municípios de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis e Joinville, que dispõe de institutos de planejamento urbano, IPUF e IPPUJ, respectivamente. Partimos da hipótese de que a década de 90 marca um período de transformações na prática do planejamento urbano institucionalizado nestas duas cidades: seus institutos passam a desempenhar um padrão reativo de atuação, conseqüência da crise do planejamento urbano, enquanto teoria e prática, mas também o resultado de transformações nas estruturas econômicas, políticas e institucionais de ambos os municípios. Apesar das mudanças, o rearranjo de forças políticas em Florianópolis e Joinville não tem sido suficiente para sacramentar o ocaso do planejamento urbano tradicional em muita de suas características. Evidencia-se assim um cenário ambíguo de transformações e permanências, caracterizado pela substituição gradual do temário abrangente do planejamento urbano por perspectivas setoriais fragmentadas, seguida da conseqüente desresponsabilização do Estado frente às questões urbanas.Abstract : In recent decades, Brazil has experienced rapid institutional, economic, political and territorial transformations. In urban planning, these mutations impose a crisis scenario, not only to the traditional urban models and theoretical frameworks, but also to the so-called competent knowledge of the city, for a long time concentrated in the hands of professionals from local public planning agencies. In such scenario, there is a proliferation of devices that require social participation and decentralization of decision-making in different regions of the world. The institutional dynamics of decentralization relative to a plural society has structured new conflicts, synergies, powers and responsibilities between public and private actors. In this complex environment, traditional forms of urban planning are questioned and the role of technical urban planning is relativized: a dynamic of decline and loss of legitimacy of their usual ways of acting is imposed. This research seeks to contribute to the understanding of these changes from the inside of local authorities of urban planning. Therefore we developed a study in the two most populated cities of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis and Joinville, both of which feature urban planning institutes: IPUF and IPPUJ, respectively. Our hypothesis is that the 90's marked a period of transformation in the practice of urban planning institutionalized in these two cities: its institutes begin to play a reactive pattern of activity, consequence of the urban planning crisis, in theory and practice, in addition to the result of changes in economic structures, political and institutional in both municipalities. Despite the changes, the rearrangement of political forces in Florianopolis and Joinville has not been sufficient to consecrate the decline of traditional urban planning in many of its features. It is thus evident the presence of an ambiguous scenario of changes and immutability, characterized by the gradual replacement of the comprehensive agenda of urban planning for fragmented sectoral perspectives, as well as the consequent irresponsibility of the state in the face of urban issues

Plano Diretor de Itajaí/SC: do desenho da participação à participação sem desenho

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-graduação em GeografiaA prática do planejamento urbano no Brasil passa, atualmente, por um período de redefinição marcado pela superação dos valores trazidos pelo planejamento modernista-funcionalista e a substituição, gradativa, por um planejamento baseado na justiça social e reforma urbana, através da busca pela solução dos problemas habitacionais, do combate à especulação imobiliária, da busca por uma maior oferta de solo urbano e, principalmente, pela democratização dos processos de tomada de decisão. Essa nova compreensão do planejamento urbano a partir do Estatuto da Cidade indica uma mudança no enfoque dos planos diretores, que se configuraram como a expressão máxima do ato de planejar e gerir o urbano, passando de uma apreensão restrita de caráter físico territorial para uma processual e política, de planejamento negociado e, por isso, conflituoso em sua essência. Neste recente processo, no entanto, os métodos e práticas participativas permanecem obscuros e são guiadas por orientações gerais vindas das esferas mais amplas do poder público. O que se percebe é que apesar das boas intenções e dos objetivos claramente definidos, existe uma dificuldade imensa de se instituir um processo pleno de participação social e, sobretudo, de decisões pactuadas, que mesmo existindo não garantem que o resultado final do processo tenha o efeito desejado de transformação da realidade social. O processo de construção do plano diretor de Itajaí, bem como a inserção do município no contexto político, econômico e social do país apresenta especificidades que justificam uma análise da experiência deste seu novo modelo de planejamento, no sentido de colaborar para o entendimento, aprofundamento e avanço do processo de democratização do planejamento no Brasil. Neste sentido acreditamos que a experiência de Itajaí tem importante contribuição a dar na análise crítica do conteúdo dessa nova estrutura democrática, por um lado questionando os limites, modificações e continuidades em suas práticas e, por outro, desvelando as intencionalidades encobertas pelo discurso conciliador da participação social

Sensitivity of European glaciers to precipitation and temperature - two case studies

A nonlinear backpropagation network (BPN) has been trained with high-resolution multiproxy reconstructions of temperature and precipitation (input data) and glacier length variations of the Alpine Lower Grindelwald Glacier, Switzerland (output data). The model was then forced with two regional climate scenarios of temperature and precipitation derived from a probabilistic approach: The first scenario ("no change”) assumes no changes in temperature and precipitation for the 2000-2050 period compared to the 1970-2000 mean. In the second scenario ("combined forcing”) linear warming rates of 0.036-0.054°C per year and changing precipitation rates between −17% and +8% compared to the 1970-2000 mean have been used for the 2000-2050 period. In the first case the Lower Grindelwald Glacier shows a continuous retreat until the 2020s when it reaches an equilibrium followed by a minor advance. For the second scenario a strong and continuous retreat of approximately −30m/year since the 1990s has been modelled. By processing the used climate parameters with a sensitivity analysis based on neural networks we investigate the relative importance of different climate configurations for the Lower Grindelwald Glacier during four well-documented historical advance (1590-1610, 1690-1720, 1760-1780, 1810-1820) and retreat periods (1640-1665, 1780-1810, 1860-1880, 1945-1970). It is shown that different combinations of seasonal temperature and precipitation have led to glacier variations. In a similar manner, we establish the significance of precipitation and temperature for the well-known early eighteenth century advance and the twentieth century retreat of Nigardsbreen, a glacier in western Norway. We show that the maritime Nigardsbreen Glacier is more influenced by winter and/or spring precipitation than the Lower Grindelwald Glacie

Composition of nutrients, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and microbiological quality in processed small indigenous fish species from Ghana: Implications for food security

The triple burden of malnutrition is an incessant issue in low- and middle-income countries, and fish has the potential to mitigate this burden. In Ghana fish is a central part of the diet, but data on nutrients and contaminants in processed indigenous fish species, that are often eaten whole, are missing. Samples of smoked, dried or salted Engraulis encrasicolus (European anchovy), Brachydeuterus auritus (bigeye grunt), Sardinella aurita (round sardinella), Selene dorsalis (African moonfish), Sierrathrissa leonensis (West African (WA) pygmy herring) and Tilapia spp. (tilapia) were collected from five different regions in Ghana. Samples were analyzed for nutrients (crude protein, fat, fatty acids, several vitamins, minerals, and trace elements), microbiological quality (microbial loads of total colony counts, E. coli, coliforms, and Salmonella), and contaminants (PAH4 and heavy metals). Except for tilapia, the processed small fish species had the potential to significantly contribute to the nutrient intakes of vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. High levels of iron, mercury and lead were detected in certain fish samples, which calls for further research and identification of anthropogenic sources along the value chains. The total cell counts in all samples were acceptable; Salmonella was not detected in any sample and E. coli only in one sample. However, high numbers of coliform bacteria were found. PAH4 in smoked samples reached high concentrations up to 1,300 μg/kg, but in contrast salted tilapia samples had a range of PAH4 concentration of 1 μg/kg to 24 μg/kg. This endpoint oriented study provides data for the nutritional value of small processed fish as food in Ghana and also provides information about potential food safety hazards. Future research is needed to determine potential sources of contamination along the value chains in different regions, identify critical points, and develop applicable mitigation strategies to improve the quality and safety of processed small fish in Ghana.publishedVersio

Denseness of intermediate β-shifts of finite-type

International audienceWe determine the structure of the set of intermediate $\beta$-shifts of finite type. Specifically, we show that this set is dense in the parameter space $\Delta = \{(\beta \alpha) \in \mathbb{R}^{2}: \beta \in (1, 2) \; \text{and} \; 0 \leq \alpha \leq 2 - \beta\}$. This generalises the classical result of Parry from 1960 for greedy and (normalised) lazy $\beta$-shifts