3,482 research outputs found
Research in and application of state variable feedback design of guidance control systems for aerospace vehicles Progress report
Weighted least squares parameter estimation, Kalman filter, and random search problems for aerospace guidance control system desig
Fast inactivation in Shaker K+ channels. Properties of ionic and gating currents.
Fast inactivating Shaker H4 potassium channels and nonconducting pore mutant Shaker H4 W434F channels have been used to correlate the installation and recovery of the fast inactivation of ionic current with changes in the kinetics of gating current known as "charge immobilization" (Armstrong, C.M., and F. Bezanilla. 1977. J. Gen. Physiol. 70:567-590.). Shaker H4 W434F gating currents are very similar to those of the conducting clone recorded in potassium-free solutions. This mutant channel allows the recording of the total gating charge return, even when returning from potentials that would largely inactivate conducting channels. As the depolarizing potential increased, the OFF gating currents decay phase at -90 mV return potential changed from a single fast component to at least two components, the slower requiring approximately 200 ms for a full charge return. The charge immobilization onset and the ionic current decay have an identical time course. The recoveries of gating current (Shaker H4 W434F) and ionic current (Shaker H4) in 2 mM external potassium have at least two components. Both recoveries are similar at -120 and -90 mV. In contrast, at higher potentials (-70 and -50 mV), the gating charge recovers significantly more slowly than the ionic current. A model with a single inactivated state cannot account for all our data, which strongly support the existence of "parallel" inactivated states. In this model, a fraction of the charge can be recovered upon repolarization while the channel pore is occupied by the NH2-terminus region
Reversals in nature and the nature of reversals
The asymmetric shape of reversals of the Earth's magnetic field indicates a
possible connection with relaxation oscillations as they were early discussed
by van der Pol. A simple mean-field dynamo model with a spherically symmetric
coefficient is analysed with view on this similarity, and a comparison
of the time series and the phase space trajectories with those of paleomagnetic
measurements is carried out. For highly supercritical dynamos a very good
agreement with the data is achieved. Deviations of numerical reversal sequences
from Poisson statistics are analysed and compared with paleomagnetic data. The
role of the inner core is discussed in a spectral theoretical context and
arguments and numerical evidence is compiled that the growth of the inner core
might be important for the long term changes of the reversal rate and the
occurrence of superchrons.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figure
Relativistic models of magnetars: Nonperturbative analytical approach
In the present paper we focus on building simple nonperturbative analytical
relativistic models of magnetars. With this purpose in mind we first develop a
method for generating exact interior solutions to the static and axisymmetric
Einstein-Maxwell-hydrodynamic equations with anisotropic perfect fluid and with
pure poloidal magnetic field. Then using an explicit exact solution we present
a simple magnetar model and calculate some physically interesting quantities as
the surface elipticity and the total energy of the magnetized star.Comment: 10 pages, LaTe
Electromagnetic induction in non-uniform domains
Kinematic simulations of the induction equation are carried out for different
setups suitable for the von-K\'arm\'an-Sodium (VKS) dynamo experiment. Material
properties of the flow driving impellers are considered by means of high
conducting and high permeability disks that are present in a cylindrical volume
filled with a conducting fluid. Two entirely different numerical codes are
mutually validated by showing quantitative agreement on Ohmic decay and
kinematic dynamo problems using various configurations and physical parameters.
Field geometry and growth rates are strongly modified by the material
properties of the disks even if the high permeability/high conductivity
material is localized within a quite thin region. In contrast the influence of
external boundary conditions remains small. Utilizing a VKS like mean fluid
flow and high permeability disks yields a reduction of the critical magnetic
Reynolds number for the onset of dynamo action of the simplest non-axisymmetric
field mode. However this decrease is not sufficient to become relevant in the
VKS experiment. Furthermore, the reduction of Rm_c is essentially influenced by
tiny changes in the flow configuration so that the result is not very robust
against small modifications of setup and properties of turbulence
Control system design using optimization techniques Final report
Optimization techniques for control of fuel valve systems for air breathing jet engines and 40-60 inlet control problem
Different methods of evaluation of Monilinia laxa on apricot flowers and branches
- Organic apricot production is currently not profitable.
- The main obstacle to sustainable profitability is brown rot caused by the fungus Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl).
- In the current apricot germplasm no source of total resistance has been shown, but some varieties are expressing interesting levels of tolerance.
- A good evaluation of the M. laxa symptoms is essential for a precise diagnosis of the infection and to appreciate differences between tolerant and susceptible varieties and genotypes
Correlation between agrochemicals, solar radiation and mechanical properties of greenhouse plastic films
A research was carried out in order to evaluate how agrochemicals contamination and solar radiation influence the mechanical properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) films. The films, manufactured adding several different combinations of light stabilizers, were subjected to natural and artificial weathering and to three agrochemicals commonly used during the cultivation practices. Two sets of field trials were carried out from 2006 to 2007 at the experimental centre of the University of Bari (Italy). The films, installed on steel arches of low tunnels, were periodically sprayed with the agrochemicals containing iron, chlorine and sulphur. For control the same films, mounted over other low tunnels, were not sprayed. Stress and strain at break of the film samples, taken at fixed time intervals in the field and after exposure in an artificial ageing chamber, were measured. Tests were conducted to evaluate the chemical contaminants absorbed by the films. Solar radiation falling on the films under test was continuously measured and recorded by means of a pyranometer and a CR10x Campbell data logger. The results of the tests showed that the different light stabilizers influenced the behaviour of the films in presence of the sprayed agrochemicals. The experimental data were investigated evaluating the cumulative solar radiation, the kind of anti-UV additive and the absorbed contaminants. Concerning the agrochemicals which were absorbed by the films, values up to 6800 ppm of sulphur were recorded during the tests. The research allowed the identification of the suitable additives in relation with used agrochemicals. The tests showed that an improved resistance to the agrochemicals was recorded for the EVA film stabilized with NOR-HALS plus UV filter
A synchronized two-dimensional model of the solar dynamo
We consider a conventional -dynamo model with meridional
circulation that exhibits typical features of the solar dynamo, including a
Hale cycle period of around 20 years and a reasonable shape of the butterfly
diagram. With regard to recent ideas of a tidal synchronization of the solar
cycle, we complement this model by an additional time-periodic -term
that is localized in the tachocline region. It is shown that amplitudes of some
dm/s are sufficient for this -term to become capable of entraining the
underlying dynamo. We argue that such amplitudes of may indeed be
realistic, since velocities in the range of m/s are reachable, e.g., for
tidally excited magneto-Rossby waves.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure
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