U.S. Radio in the 21st Century: Staying the Course in Unknown Territory

This essay examines the development of the radio industry in the United States as it makes its way into the 21st century. Issues of regulation, technology, commerce, and culture are addressed

Development Of Software–Hardware System for Real Time Simulation of Electric Power System with Smart Grids

The design and research of electric power system (EPS) with smart grids (SG), which are the current world trend of modern electric power industry, requires solving a large number of non-trivial tasks. The developed technical solutions and used equipment are novel for the world practice. Therefore, their implementation requires carefulanalysis and an individual approach to research that provides an assessment of the impact of new network elements on the power system. All of this puts requirements on the tools and methods of research used to solve such problems. At present, digital systems for modelling EPS with SG based on the application of numerical methods are used as such tools. However, despite the high level of these developments, it has drawbacks. The use of incomplete and invalid information obtained by digital tools can lead to the wrong design and operational decision in real power system, which can cause blackouts. The alternative approach for solving the problem of detailed simulation of EPS with SG is the creation of hybrid system based on the principle of combining different modelling methods. Hybrid Real-Time Power System Simulator (HRTSim) is developed based on this approach and presented in the paper

Хірургічні етапи дентальної імплантації (базовий курс)

У виданні систематизовані та викладені алгоритми виконання практичних навичок в клініці хірургічної стоматології та щелепно-лицевої хірургії при проведенні хірургічного етапу дентальної імплантації; В издании систематизированы и изложены алгоритмы внедрения практических навыков в клинике хирургической стоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии во время хирургической стадии имплантации зубов; In the publication systematized and outlined algorithms of practical skills implementation in the clinic of surgical dentistry and maxillofacial surgery during the surgical stage of dental implantation

Preterm Labor and Chorioamnionitis Are Associated with Neonatal T Cell Activation

BACKGROUND: Preterm parturition is characterized by innate immune activation and increased proinflammatory cytokine levels. This well established association leads us to hypothesize that preterm delivery is also associated with neonatal T lymphocyte activation and maturation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Cord blood samples were obtained following term, preterm, and deliveries complicated by clinical chorioamnionitis. Activation marker expression was quantitated by flow cytometric analysis. Infants born following preterm delivery demonstrated enhanced CD4(+) T lymphocyte activation, as determined by CD25 (Term 9.72% vs. Preterm 17.67%, p = 0.0001), HLA-DR (Term 0.91% vs. Preterm 1.92%, p = 0.0012), and CD69 expression (Term 0.38% vs. Preterm 1.20%, p = 0.0003). Neonates delivered following clinical chorioamnionitis also demonstrated increased T cell activation. Preterm neonates had an increased frequency of CD45RO(+) T cells. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Preterm parturition is associated with neonatal CD4(+) T cell activation, and an increased frequency of CD45RO(+) T cells. These findings support the concept that activation of the fetal adaptive immune system in utero is closely associated with preterm labor

Клініко-генетичне та морфологічне обґрунтування профілактики утворення післяопераційних патологічних рубців голови та шиї

У монографії наведене обґрунтування і практичне вирішення наукової задачі − підвищення ефективності профілактики патологічних рубців голови та шиї, у хворих з різним ступенем схильності до їх утворення, з урахуванням клінічних, генетичних і морфологічних особливостей. Для щелепно-лицевих і пластичних хірургів, хірургів-стоматологів, оториноларингологів, топографо-анатомів, анатомів, гістологів; В монографии приведено обоснование и практическое решение научной задачи - повышение эффективности профилактики патологических рубцов головы и шеи у больных с разной степенью склонности к их образованию, с учетом клинических, генетических и морфологических особенностей. Для челюстно-лицевых и пластических хирургов, хирургов-стоматологов, оториноларингологов, топографо-анатомов, анатомов, гистологов; The monograph contains the justification and practical solution of the scientific problem - increasing the effectiveness of the prevention of pathological scars of the head and neck, in patients with varying degrees of predisposition to their formation, taking into account clinical, genetic and morphological features. For maxillofacial and plastic surgeons, surgeons, dentists, otorhinolaryngologists, topograft anatomists, anatomists, histologists

Actigraphy in Human African Trypanosomiasis as a Tool for Objective Clinical Evaluation and Monitoring: A Pilot Study

The clinical picture of the parasitic disease human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, also called sleeping sickness) is dominated by sleep alterations. We here used actigraphy to evaluate patients affected by the Gambiense form of HAT. Actigraphy is based on the use of battery-run, wrist-worn devices similar to watches, widely used in middle-high income countries for ambulatory monitoring of sleep disturbances. This pilot study was motivated by the fact that the use of polysomnography, which is the gold standard technology for the evaluation of sleep disorders and has greatly contributed to the objective identification of signs of disease in HAT, faces tangible challenges in resource-limited countries where the disease is endemic. We here show that actigraphy provides objective data on the severity of sleep-wake disturbances that characterize HAT. This technique, which does not disturb the patient's routine activities and can be applied at home, could therefore represent an interesting, non-invasive tool for objective HAT clinical assessment and long-term monitoring under field conditions. The use of this method could provide an adjunct marker of HAT severity and for treatment follow-up, or be evaluated in combination with other disease biomarkers in body fluids that are currently under investigation in many laboratories

Different standards: engineers’ expectations and listener adoption of digital and FM radio broadcasting

As digital radio broadcasting enters its third decade of operation, few would argue that it has met all expectations expressed at the time of its launch in the mid-1990s. Observers are now more circumspect, with views divided on the pace of transition to an all-digital future. In exploring this mismatch between expectation and actuality, this article considers the introduction of FM radio from the 1950s. It too was expected to replace its forebear (AM) but, like digital radio, its adoption by listeners was slower than anticipated. An examination of published literature, in particular engineering and technical documents, reveals a number of similarities in the development of digital radio and FM. Assumptions about listeners’ needs and preferences appear to have been based on little actual audience research and, with continual reference in the literature to the supposed deficiencies of the predecessor technology, suggest an emphasis in decision making on the technical qualities of radio broadcasting over an appreciation of actual audience preferences