Entre o Caribe e a Amazônia: haitianos em Manaus e os desafios da inserção sociocultural

The arrival of the first Haitians to the city of Manaus in 2010 was initially considered to be a transitory event. It was expected that this population would be largely transient in Manaus, since the Brazil of "opportunities" of which they had heard was more to the southeast and south. This initial perception seems to have been confirmed in part, since, according to the Pastoral Care of Migrants, of the more than eight thousand Haitians who passed through Manaus, about a thousand remained in the city. With regard to those who chose to stay, it is important to ask what were the reasons for their "choice" and how the process of socio-cultural insertion has gone. Considering the briefness of the Haitian presence in Manaus and the socioeconomic challenges they face, this article raises some hypotheses about the possibilities for cultural exchanges between Haitians and Brazilians, especially in the religious and musical contexts.A chegada dos primeiros haitianos à cidade de Manaus, a partir de 2010, foi interpretada inicialmente como um fenômeno passageiro e que a cidade seria apenas um local de passagem para a maioria deles, já que o Brasil das "oportunidades" do qual eles tinham ouvido falar ficava mais a sudeste e sul. Essa percepção inicial parece ter se confirmada em parte, pois, segundo a Pastoral do Migrante, dos mais de oito mil haitianos que haviam passado por Manaus, cerca de mil ainda permanecem na cidade. Dentre os que escolheram permanecer, importa indagar quais seriam as razões dessa "escolha" e como tem sido o processo de inserção sociocultural. Considerando o curto espaço de tempo da presença haitiana em Manaus, e os desafios socioeconômicos enfrentados por esses imigrantes, este artigo levanta algumas hipóteses sobre as possibilidades de trocas culturais entre haitianos e brasileiros, a partir dos universos religioso e musical

Nationality and ethnicity in the Triple North Frontier

This paper intends to analyse the relationship between nationality and ethnicity at the northern Brazilian border, precisely in the region of the three State borders among Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. This area has been marked by tensions, not only by the actions of the narcotic-traffickers or by a possible partisans from trespassing the Colombian Revolutionary Force- FARC, but also by the entry of clandestine Peruvian immigrants or the Colombian refugees who run away from the violence stimulated by guerrilla and by paramilitaries groups from that country. Through observations in loco and interviews realized with different subjects that compose that scenery, I pretend to reveal the multiple relations established among them, as well its meanings.Este texto tem como objetivo analisar as relações entre nacionalidade e etnicidade na fronteira norte brasileira, precisamente na região da Tríplice Fronteira entre o Brasil, Peru e Colômbia. Esta área tem sido marcada por tensões, não só pela ação de narcotraficantes e por uma possível invasão de guerrilheiros das Forças Revolucionárias da Colômbia-FARC, mas também pela entrada de imigrantes peruanos clandestinos ou de refugiados colombianos, que fogem da violência fomentada pela guerrilha e por grupos paramilitares daquele país. A partir da observação in loco e de entrevistas realizadas com diferentes sujeitos que compõem aquele cenário, objetiva-se desvendar, portanto, as múltiplas relações estabelecidas entre eles, bem como os seus significados

T-Cell Memory Responses Elicited by Yellow Fever Vaccine are Targeted to Overlapping Epitopes Containing Multiple HLA-I and -II Binding Motifs

The yellow fever vaccines (YF-17D-204 and 17DD) are considered to be among the safest vaccines and the presence of neutralizing antibodies is correlated with protection, although other immune effector mechanisms are known to be involved. T-cell responses are known to play an important role modulating antibody production and the killing of infected cells. However, little is known about the repertoire of T-cell responses elicited by the YF-17DD vaccine in humans. In this report, a library of 653 partially overlapping 15-mer peptides covering the envelope (Env) and nonstructural (NS) proteins 1 to 5 of the vaccine was utilized to perform a comprehensive analysis of the virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. The T-cell responses were screened ex-vivo by IFN-γ ELISPOT assays using blood samples from 220 YF-17DD vaccinees collected two months to four years after immunization. Each peptide was tested in 75 to 208 separate individuals of the cohort. The screening identified sixteen immunodominant antigens that elicited activation of circulating memory T-cells in 10% to 33% of the individuals. Biochemical in-vitro binding assays and immunogenetic and immunogenicity studies indicated that each of the sixteen immunogenic 15-mer peptides contained two or more partially overlapping epitopes that could bind with high affinity to molecules of different HLAs. The prevalence of the immunogenicity of a peptide in the cohort was correlated with the diversity of HLA-II alleles that they could bind. These findings suggest that overlapping of HLA binding motifs within a peptide enhances its T-cell immunogenicity and the prevalence of the response in the population. In summary, the results suggests that in addition to factors of the innate immunity, "promiscuous" T-cell antigens might contribute to the high efficacy of the yellow fever vaccines. © 2013 de Melo et al

Local order around rare earth ions during the devitrification of oxyfluoride glasses.

International audienceErbium L(3)-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements were performed on rare earth doped fluorosilicate and fluoroborate glasses and glass ceramics. The well known nucleating effects of erbium ions for the crystallization of cubic lead fluoride (based on x-ray diffraction measurements) and the fact that the rare earth ions are present in the crystalline phase (as indicated by Er(3+) emission spectra) seem in contradiction with the present EXAFS analysis, which indicates a lack of medium range structural ordering around the Er(3+) ions and suggests that the lead fluoride crystallization does not occur in the nearest neighbor distance of the rare earth ion. Molecular dynamics simulations of the devitrification process of a lead fluoride glass doped with Er(3+) ions were performed, and results indicate that Er(3+) ions lower the devitrification temperature of PbF(2), in good agreement with the experimental results. The genuine role of Er(3+) ions in the devitrification process of PbF(2) has been investigated. Although Er(3+) ions could indeed act as seeds for crystallization, as experiments suggest, molecular dynamics simulation results corroborate the experimental EXAFS observation that the devitrification does not occur at its nearest neighbor distance

CYTOTOXICITY, ANTI-POLIOVIRUS ACTIVITY AND IN SILICO BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CONSTITUENTS FROM MAYTENUS GONOCLADA (CELASTRACEAE)

Objective: The in silico free access web tools PASS online and ChemMapper were used to predict potential biological activities of compounds 1 to 8 isolated from Maytenus gonoclada (Celastraceae). The constituents 4'-O-methylepigalocatequin (6), tingenone (7) and proanthocyanidin A (8), and ethanolic extracts were subjected to in vitro cytotoxicity using VERO cells and anti-Poliovirus assays. Methods: QSAR and molecular superposition, correlating the average number of pharmacophores were used in the prediction studies. Cellular line VERO ATCC CCL-81 was used to determine anti-Poliovirus effect, observed by colorimetric (MTT) method. The annexing V/propidium iodide assay was used to determine the occurrence of apoptosis in the cytotoxicity assays. Results: The experimental results found for constituents 6-8 were in accordance with observed data obtained through PASS online and ChemMapper simulation. Conclusion: Compound 7 showed higher cytotoxic and apoptosis induction properties, and 6 and 8 presented anti-Poliovirus activity

Urinary peptides as a novel source of T Cell allergen epitopes

Mouse allergy in both laboratory workers and in inner-city children is associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma, posing a serious public health concern. Urine is a major source of mouse allergens, as mice spray urine onto their surroundings, where the proteins dry up and become airborne on dust particles. Here, we tested whether oligopeptides that are abundant in mouse urine may contribute to mouse allergic T cell response. Over 1,300 distinct oligopeptides were detected by mass spectrometry analysis of the low molecular weight filtrate fraction of mouse urine (LoMo). Posttranslationally modified peptides were common, accounting for almost half of total peptides. A pool consisting of 225 unique oligopeptides of 13 residues or more in size identified within was tested for its capacity to elicit T cell reactivity in mouse allergic donors. Following 14-day in vitro stimulation of PBMCs, we detected responses in about 95% of donors tested, directed against 116 distinct peptides, predominantly associated with Th2 cytokines (IL-5). Peptides from non-urine related proteins such as epidermal growth factor, collagen, and Beta-globin accounted for the highest response (15.9, 9.1, and 8.1% of the total response, respectively). Peptides derived from major urinary proteins (MUPs), kidney androgen-regulated protein (KAP), and uromodulin were the main T cell targets from kidney or urine related sources. Further ex vivo analysis of enrichment of 4-1BB expressing cells demonstrated that LoMo pool-specific T cell reactivity can be detected directly ex vivo in mouse allergic but not in non-allergic donors. Further cytometric analysis of responding cells revealed a bone fide memory T cell phenotype and confirmed their Th2 polarization. Overall, these data suggest that mouse urine-derived oligopeptides are a novel target for mouse allergy-associated T cell responses, which may contribute to immunopathological mechanisms in mouse allergy

Sustainable smart tags with two‐step verification for anticounterfeiting triggered by the photothermal response of upconverting nanoparticles

No abstract available.This work was developed within the scope of the projects CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020 and UIDP/50011/2020) and Shape of Water (PTDC/NAN-PRO/3881/2020) financed by Portuguese funds through the FCT/MEC and when appropriate cofinanced by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. F.E.M. acknowledges the funding received from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 823941. The support of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 FET Open program under grant agreement no. 801305 (NanoTBTech) is also acknowledged. R.R.S. acknowledges the financial support from the Brazilian agency FAPESP (process no. 16/06612-6).publishe

Sobre a ocorrência de istmo tiroídeo em Canis familiaris e em Callus gallus. Estudo comparativo

It is described an abnormal occurrence of thyroideus isthmus in dog (Canis familiaris) and in fowl (Gallus gallus). This observation is verified in 2 dogs between 60 studied and in 3 fowls between 32 studied, respectively. Histological studies of both isthmus have demonstrated the same morphological constitution of the normal thyroideus lobes with morphological vidences of active secretion in parechyma.É descrita uma ocorrência anormal de istmo tiroídeo em cão (Canis familiaris) e em ave (Gallus gallus). Esta observação foi verificada em 2 cães, dentre 60, e em 3 aves, dentre 32, respectivamente estudados. Estudos histológicos de ambos os istmos demonstraram a mesma constituição morfológica que a dos lobos tiroídeos normais, com evidências morfológicas de secreção ativa pelo parênquima

PESQUISA MICOTOXICOLÓGICA DE PRODUTOS AVÍCOLAS IN NATURA E PROCESSADOS

Analisou-se a ocorrência de aflatoxinas e ocratoxina A em carcaças, vísceras comestíveis e processadas de aves de empresas que representam diferentes regiões de produção avícola do Brasil. Diferentes tipos de produtos foram coletados, trimestralmente, sendo nove in natura e oito processados para extração de micotoxinas e quantificação pelo ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Amostras positivas pelo método ELISA foram analisadas por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD). Do total de amostras analisadas 12% foram positivas, sendo 10,8% para aflatoxina total e 1,2% para ocratoxina A. Os resultados obtidos pela CCD mostraram contaminação por aflatoxinas (B1, B2, G1 e G2) em concentração inferior a 5 µg/kg. O ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) mostrou-se mais eficaz para produtos in natura, sendo isolada maior quantidade de aflatoxinas e ocratoxina A no segundo trimestre (julhosetembro). A ocorrência de aflatoxina total foi mais freqüente em produtos oriundos das empresas avícolas das diferentes regiões do estado de Pernambuco e ocratoxina A das empresas produtoras das Regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. MYCOTOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF POULTRY IN NATURE AND PROCESSED PRODUCTS Abstract The occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in carcasses, edible viscera and poultry processed products purchased from different industries of various Brazilian regions was evaluated. Different types of products were collected in a trimester period being nine of them in nature and eight processed, for extraction of mycotoxins and quantified through the immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Samples with positive results for ELISA were analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC). From the total analyzed samples 12% resulted positive, being 10.8% for total aflatoxins, and 1.2% for ochratoxin A. The results obtained by TLC showed aflatoxins contamination (B1, B2, G1 and G2) inferior to 5µg/kg. The immunoenzymatic assay was more effective for in nature products, and the second trimester (July - September) was the period when it was isolated the highest quantity of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. The occurrence of total aflatoxins was more evident in the poultry industries from different regions of the state of Pernambuco, and ochratoxin A from industries in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil