Comparison of Anterior Denture Teeth Arrangements Made with the Tooth Mold Template and Definitive Computer-Aided Design & Computer-Aided Manufacturing Complete Removable Dental Prostheses

Introduction: There is a dearth of information in the refereed literature regarding esthetics of CAD/CAM complete removable dental prostheses (CRDPs). The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the anterior denture teeth arrangement made with the medium-size anterior tooth mold template to CAD/CAM complete removable dental prostheses fabricated with bonded denture teeth and milled teeth. Material and methods: Poly-vinyl siloxane impression were made of an edentulous maxillary model and selected for use as the patient template. The edentulous model was mounted on a semi-adjustable articulator. Definitive impressions and jaw relation records were made according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Digital mock-ups of the denture tooth arrangement were received by the manufacturer and confirmed prior to processing. Ten CRDPs were generated; subgroups of 5 units were made and divided into 2 groups. One-half of the CRDPs were made by bonding manufactured denture teeth onto denture base milled from pre-polymerized PMMA pucks, while the other half were made by milling denture teeth directly. For comparison, a Canon 70D camera mounted on a tripod was used for photographic documentation. All photos were taken during the same day. Reference markers placed on the edentulous model were used to orient and measure photos using Photoshop CS4. Data was collected in the X-plane and the Y-plane and compared with the tooth mold template. Data were statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (α=.05) Results: No statistical difference was found when CAD/CAM CRDPs milled and bonded were compared. The tooth mold template represented the position of the central incisors on the milled teeth and bonded teeth CRDPs. The inter-canine distance was found to be 5 mm narrower on the CRDPs than the tooth mold template. The canines on the CRDPs were 1 to 2 mm incisal when compared to the tooth mold template. Conclusions: Tooth arrangements in bonded and milled CAD/CAM CRDPs did not accurately reproduce the tooth mold template’s measurements in terms of intercanine distance and position. There was no significant difference between tooth position on the milled and bonded CAD/CAM CRDPs

Las sanciones relativas al cursus publicus en el Código Teodosiano

El cursus publicus fue una institución de enorme importancia en el mundo romano, sobre todo a partir del siglo IV. Constituía una formidable red que permitía el envío en un tiempo asombrosamente reducido de correo y personas oficiales de un punto a otro del Imperio. Esta institución fue creada por Octavio Augusto, adaptando algunos precedentes de la República Romana y de otras experiencias de las que conoció por su contacto con Egipto, y se desarrolló durante toda la época imperial, sobreviviendo en Occidente incluso a la caída del Imperio, y manteniéndose posterioridad durante algunos siglos en el Imperio Bizantino. Sin embargo, es un gran desconocido para el gran público. En muchos aspectos, además, sigue manteniendo importantes interrogantes sobre su estructura, organización y financiación económica. La principal fuente sobre el conocimiento del cursus publicus, además de los vestigios que nos han llegado a través de inscripciones y referencias de escritores antiguos, es el Código Teodosiano, que dedica el Título V de su libro 8º específicamente al cursus publicus. En 66 constituciones se contienen normas con un contenido heterogéneo que nos arroja alguna luz sobre su evolución y las principales notas que caracterizan el uso del servicio. Una de las características principales es la limitación de su uso sólo para correo oficial, entendido en sentido amplio: no sólo se transmiten cartas y mensajes, sino que lo utilizan personas oficiales con encargos imperiales, que solían hacerse acompañar de equipajes y escoltas. El servicio incluía por tanto no sólo la simple posta sino las instalaciones para el descanso y alimento del viajero y el cuidado de las caballerizas y los carruajes. Era por tanto un sistema muy completo y costoso. Son indudables por tanto las ventajas para el viajero, tanto en tiempo -era más rápido que el transporte convencional- como en dinero, al ser esencialmente gratuito. Por ello los abusos eran frecuentes, y ello explica la necesidad, por una parte, de portar una documentación oficial que acreditara el derecho a usar el servicio -llamada evectio-, y por otro, de sancionar las extralimitaciones en el uso. Así, casi la mitad de las 66 constituciones de CTh.8,5 contienen sanciones que oscilan entre la mera advertencia y la pena de muerte. Este aspecto no había sido estudiado en profundidad por la doctrina hasta ahora, y es ahí donde entiendo que esta tesis constituye una importante aportación. En este trabajo se han traducido y analizado todas las constituciones que contienen sanciones -dado que no existe ninguna traducción autorizada al castellano-, clasificándolas por materias en atención sobre todo a la conducta reprensible, poniendo así de manifiesto que en su mayor parte se persiguen las extralimitaciones en el uso de animales, la utilización del servicio sin autorización o la emisión de evectiones sin derecho a ello. Finalmente, el estudio ha permitido obtener algunas conclusiones que estimo pueden arrojar alguna luz sobre una institución que sin duda merece una mayor atención por la doctrina

New and Old Mechanisms Associated with Hypertension in the Elderly

Hypertension is a widely prevalent and important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that increase with aging. The hallmark of hypertension in the elderly is increased vascular dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanisms by which increased blood pressure leads to vascular injury and impaired endothelial function are not well defined. In the present paper, we will analyze several mechanisms described in the scientific literature involved in hypertension in the elderly as endothelial dysfunction, increased oxygen delivery to tissues, inflammation, cellular apoptosis, and increased concentration of active metabolites. Also, we will focus on new molecular mechanisms involved in hypertension such as telomeres shortening, progenitor cells, circulating microparticles, and epigenetic factors that have appeared as possible causes of hypertension in the elderly. These molecular mechanisms may elucidate different origin for hypertension in the elderly and provide us with new targets for hypertension treatment

Evaluation of a Planar Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna Driven by a Multi-Channel Beamforming Module at Ka Band

© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other worksIn this paper, a planar active phased array antenna demonstration with linear polarization (LP) at Ka Band (28-30 GHz) is presented. The proof of concept is carried out to evaluate the possible problems that may arise, to analyze possible calibration stages and to assess the viability of the integration of an active system with a Multi-Channel Beamforming Module (MCBM). To fulfill this task an 8times 8-element planar array arranged in column subarrays of 1times 8 elements for 1D beam steering is proposed. The single element consists of a printed circular patch connected to a microstrip feeding line through metallic vias in a multilayered structure. Both the amplitude and phase distributions are performed by a commercial integrated circuit (IC) designed for transmission purposes, from the common port to each of the 8 output ports. Thus, an evaluation of the IC performance is also included within this work. Despite the inherent amplitude and phase feeding errors of the IC, the beam-steering accuracy of the system is reasonable. A nice correspondence between the simulated and measured 8times 8-element array beam steering directions is obtained, with errors below 1° in the steering of the beamThis work was supported in part by the Spanish Government, Ministry of Economy, National Program of Research, Development and Innovation through the Project FUTURE RADIO ’’Radio systems and technologies for high capacity terrestrial and satellite communications in an hyperconnected world’’ under Grant TEC2017-85529-C3-1-R, and in part by the Project JETSTREAM ’’Desarrollo de una antena banda KA embarcada para la prestación de servicios de acceso a Internet por satélite en aviación comercial’’ in collaboration with TELNET Redes Inteligentes S.A. under Grant RTC-2015-3495-

Tunable room-temperature spin galvanic and spin Hall effects in van der Waals heterostructures

Spin-orbit coupling stands as a powerful tool to interconvert charge and spin currents and to manipulate the magnetization of magnetic materials through the spin torque phenomena. However, despite the diversity of existing bulk materials and the recent advent of interfacial and low-dimensional effects, control of the interconvertion at room-temperature remains elusive. Here, we unequivocally demonstrate strongly enhanced room-temperature spin-to-charge (StC) conversion in graphene driven by the proximity of a semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide(WS2). By performing spin precession experiments in properly designed Hall bars, we separate the contributions of the spin Hall and the spin galvanic effects. Remarkably, their corresponding conversion effiencies can be tailored by electrostatic gating in magnitude and sign, peaking nearby the charge neutrality point with a magnitude that is comparable to the largest efficiencies reported to date. Such an unprecedented electric-field tunability provides a new building block for spin generation free from magnetic materials and for ultra-compact magnetic memory technologies.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Plasmonic/Magnetic Multifunctional nanoplatform for Cancer Theranostics

Cancer is the second leading disease which causes major mortality and morbidity worldwide1 . In cancer therapy, it is crucial to increase the drug specificity and drug efficacy to minimise or completely eradicate significant side-effects on patients2 . Cancer nanotherapeutics overcome many serious drawbacks of chemotherapy such as non-specific targeting, lower efficacy, insolubility of drug moieties in water and oral bioavailability3 . Accordingly, Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) are exploited as an important nanomaterial for cancer detection as well as therapeutics4 . Such magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) gained its momentum because of their single-domain ordering along with their large surface to volume ratio (providing large surface area for attachment of biological entities). Hence, this property makes them a suitable candidate as a contrast agent, drug-carrying cargo and hyperthermal agent5

Experimental demonstration of contoured beam reflectarrays for satellite applications

A three-layer refletarray with patches of variable size that radiates a contoured beam at Ku-b and defined fo r Eutelsat satellite W3A at 7º East has been designed, manufactured and tested. A square reflectarray of side 1-m has been considered. For electrical design, first a phase-only synthesis technique based on the alternating projection method has been applied to obtain the phase distribution on the reflectarray surface for the specified contoured beam; and then, the patch dimensions are adjusted at each radiating element to achieve this phase distribution at several frequencies in the working band for dual linear polarisation. An appropriate mechanical design has been carried out, in order to minimise possible thermo-elastic distortions. A breadboard has been manufactured and measured in anechoic chamber. The results show a contoured beam close to the required coverage

Brief Report: CYP27B1 rs10877012 T Allele Was Linked to Non-AIDS Progression in ART-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients: A Retrospective Study.

HIV/AIDS progression is linked to vitamin D, which is regulated by several key cytochromes P450 (CYP). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP genes influence vitamin D metabolism and serum levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between CYP SNPs and the clinical AIDS progression in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve HIV-infected patients. We performed a retrospective study in 661 ART-naïve HIV-infected patients who were stratified by their AIDS progression pattern [181 long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs), 332 moderate progressors, and 148 rapid progressors (RPs)]. Four CYP SNPs (CYP2R1 rs10500804, CYP2R1 rs1993116, CYP27B1 rs10877012, and CYP24A1 rs6013897) were genotyped using Agena Bioscience's MassARRAY platform. Correction for multiple testing was performed using the false discovery rate (Benjamini-Hochberg procedure). The adjusted regression showed a significant association only for CYP27B1 rs10877012 SNP. When analyzing all HIV patients, the rs10877012 T allele was protective against AIDS progression (ordinal outcome) under the dominant [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.69; P = 0.021) and additive (aOR) = 0.75; P = 0.025] inheritance models. When analyzing LTNPs versus RPs, the rs10877012 T allele also showed a significant protective association under the dominant (aOR = 0.45; P = 0.004) and additive (aOR = 0.54; P = 0.008) inheritance models. P values remained significant after correcting by multiple comparisons only for the comparison of LTNPs versus RPs (extreme phenotypes). The CYP27B1 rs10877012 T allele was linked to non-AIDS progression in ART-naïve HIV-infected patients. The rs10877012 SNP seems to have an impact on the clinical AIDS progression, possibly modifying vitamin D levels, which could be relevant for the pathogenesis of HIV infection.This work has been (partially) funded by the RD16/0025/0019 and RD16CIII/0002/0002, projects as part of Acción Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (2013-2016) and cofinanced by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), RETIC PT17/0015/0042, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS) (grant number PI16/01863, PI17/01115, PI17CIII/00003), EPIICAL Project and Comunidad de Madrid (B2017/BMD-3703). CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VINational R&D&i Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, the Consolider Program, and CIBER Actions and financed by ISCIII with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund. This work has been supported partially by a EUROPARTNER: Strengthening and spreading international partnership activities of the Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection for interdisciplinary research and innovation of the University of Lodz Programme: NAWA International Academic Partnership Programme. This article/publication is based upon work from COST Action CA 17140 "Cancer Nanomedicine from the Bench to the Bedside" supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). AFR and MAJS are supported by “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” [grant number CP14/0010and CP17CIII/00007, respectivelly].Programa de Investigación de la Consejería de Sanidad de la Comunidad de Madrid to JLJ.S

Review of base stations array antennas developed by UPM

Several array architectures developed at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) for mobile phone and LMDS base station antennas are presented. An eight-element array and multi-beam antennas with enhanced bandwidth have been demonstrated for GSM-UMTS. A practical implementation of a smart antenna with interference cancellation has been built for a 3er generation mobile communication system based on W-CDMA. Low-cost omnidirectional and sectored antennas has been developed for LMDS base station at 3 GHz. A folded three-layer printed reflectarray with shaped pattern has been demonstrated for sector LMDS base stations at 26 GHz

Regulation of Mother-to-Offspring Transmission of mtDNA Heteroplasmy

mtDNA is present in multiple copies in each cell derived from the expansions of those in the oocyte. Heteroplasmy, more than one mtDNA variant, may be generated by mutagenesis, paternal mtDNA leakage, and novel medical technologies aiming to prevent inheritance of mtDNA-linked diseases. Heteroplasmy phenotypic impact remains poorly understood. Mouse studies led to contradictory models of random drift or haplotype selection for mother-tooffspring transmission of mtDNA heteroplasmy. Here, we show that mtDNA heteroplasmy affects embryo metabolism, cell fitness, and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation. Thus, genetic and pharmacological interventions affecting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) modify competition among mtDNA haplotypes during oocyte development and/or at early embryonic stages. We show that heteroplasmy behavior can fall on a spectrum from random drift to strong selection, depending on mito-nuclear interactions and metabolic factors. Understanding heteroplasmy dynamics and its mechanisms provide novel knowledge of a fundamental biological process and enhance our ability to mitigate risks in clinical applications affecting mtDNA transmission.Peer reviewe