1,061 research outputs found
The organization of collective group movements in wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus): social structure drives processes of group coordination in macaques
Social animals have to coordinate activities and collective movements to benefit from the advantages of group living.
Animals in large groups maintain cohesion by self-organization processes whereas in smaller groups consensus decisions
can be reached. Where consensus decisions are relevant leadership may emerge. Variation in the organization of collective
movements has been linked to variation in female social tolerance among macaque species ranging from despotic to
egalitarian. Here we investigated the processes underlying group movements in a wild macaque species characterized by a
degree of social tolerance intermediate to previously studied congeneric species. We focused on processes before, during
and after the departure of the first individual. To this end, we observed one group of wild Barbary macaques (Macaca
sylvanus) in the Middle Atlas, Morocco using all-occurrence behaviour sampling of 199 collective movements. We found that
initiators of a collective movement usually chose the direction in which more individuals displayed pre-departure behavior.
Dominant individuals contributed to group movements more than subordinates, especially juveniles, measured as
frequencies of successful initiations and pre-departure behaviour. Joining was determined by affiliative relationships and
the number of individuals that already joined the movement (mimetism). Thus, in our study group partially shared
consensus decisions mediated by selective mimetism seemed to be prevalent, overall supporting the suggestion that a
speciesâ social style affects the organization of group movements. As only the most tolerant species show equally shared
consensus decisions whereas in others the decision is partially shared with a bias to dominant individuals the type of
consensus decisions seems to follow a stepwise relation. Joining order may also follow a stepwise, however opposite,
relationship, because dominance only determined joining in highly despotic, but not in intermediate and tolerant species
BUILDING WEB-BASED INTERACTIVE KEYS TO THE HYMENOPTERAN FAMILIES AND SUPERFAMILIES
Traditionally manufacturing job shops either have a process layout or a product layout. The advantages of one type of layout tend to be a disadvantage for the other. Hybrid cellular constructs represents a novel fusion of process and product layouts. In this thesis, hybrid cellular constructs specifically Hybrid Flow Shops and Reoriented andamp; Reshaped Cells are clearly described in terms of their structure, key features, and modes of operation. An engineering procedure is illustrated by cases and particular manufacturing circumstances where each concept would be most useful are identified. This thesis then defines the lean practices that are compatible with the structure in question and identifies what practices are incompatible. It suggests how to modify lean practices to fit and at least obtain some benefits for the incompatible ones. Finally, a procedure for design of logistics management systems for assembly cells and lines is presented
Analysis of measured drop size spectra over land and sea
Drop size spectra were measured by using an optical disdrometer of type ODM 470 at 2 different locations. They were subdivided in four data sets: measurements over land, in 3 coastal areas, over semi-enclosed seas, and over the open sea. Based on 1 minute 4 measurement intervals no differences were found in drop size spectra between continental and 5 maritime areas. An exponential model with a rain rate depending interception number and 6 pre-factor in the exponent fits well the spectra, maximum drop sizes depend strongly on 7 estimated rain rates. In contrast to other investigations there are no significant differences 8 between spectra of convective and stratiform rain based on 1 minute measurement intervals. 9 However, spectra integrated over 10 minutes show the expected differences
Using geographical and taxonomic metadata to set priorities in specimen digitization
Digitizing the information carried by specimens in natural history collections is a key endeavor providing falsifiable information about past and present biodiversity on a global scale, for application in a variety of research fields far beyond the current application in biosystematics. Existing digitization efforts are driven by individual institutional necessities and are not coordinated on a global scale. This led to an over-all information resource that is patchy in taxonomic and geographic coverage as well as in quality. Digitizing all specimens is not an achievable aim at present, so that priorities need to be set. Most biodiversity studies are both taxonomically and geographically restricted, but access to non-digitized collection information is almost exclusively by taxon name. Creating a âGeotaxonomic Indexâ providing metadata on the number of specimens from a specific geographic region belonging to a specific higher taxonomic category may provide a means to attract the attention of researchers and governments towards relevant non-digitized holdings of the collections and set priorities for their digitization according to the needs of information users outside the taxonomic community
Biparental inbreeding depression, genetic relatedness and progeny vigor in a wind-pollinated treeline species in Argentina
Spatially restricted gene flow and resulting spatial genetic structure are generally considered as being the primary controlling factors in the dynamics of biparental inbreeding depression in a wide range of plant species. However, wind-pollinated angiosperm trees have not been adequately studied in this respect. The present study analyses the relationships between parental genetic similarity, outcrossing distances and progeny vigour in Polylepis australis (Rosaceae), a wind-pollinated treeline species endemic to Argentina. We investigated whether spatial genetic structuring occurs in anthropogenically fragmented P. australis woodlands of the CĂłrdoba Mountains. We also performed a controlled crossing experiment using pollen collected from different distances. Genetic variability (using RAPD-PCR) and vigour (survival and N metabolism capacity) of the resulting progeny were contrasted with progeny from unmanipulated flowers. We found a continuous decrease in parental genetic similarity with spatial distance among mates and an increase in genetic variability, survival and N metabolism capacity in the progeny produced from pollen at increasing distances. However, our further results suggest fragment connectivity in P. australis through effective long-distance pollen-mediated gene flow with no effective inbreeding depression problems observed under present day conditions.Fil: Seltmann, Peggy. Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; AlemaniaFil: Hensen, Isabell. Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; AlemaniaFil: Renison, Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones BiolĂłgicas y TecnolĂłgicas. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FĂsicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones BiolĂłgicas y TecnolĂłgicas; ArgentinaFil: Wesche, Karsten. University of Göttingen; AlemaniaFil: Ploch, SebastiĂĄn. University of Hohenheim; AlemaniaFil: Rondan Dueñas, Juan. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Cocucci, Andrea Aristides. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologĂa Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FĂsicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologĂa Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Jung, Klaus. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Alemani
A Standard Nomenclature for Referencing and Authentication of Pluripotent Stem Cells
Unambiguous cell line authentication is essential to avoid loss of association between data and cells. The risk for loss of references increases with the rapidity that new human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines are generated, exchanged, and implemented. Ideally, a single name should be used as a generally applied reference for each cell line to access and unify cell-related information across publications, cell banks, cell registries, and databases and to ensure scientific reproducibility. We discuss the needs and requirements for such a unique identifier and implement a standard nomenclature for hPSCs, which can be automatically generated and registered by the human pluripotent stem cell registry (hPSCreg). To avoid ambiguities in PSC-line referencing, we strongly urge publishers to demand registration and use of the standard name when publishing research based on hPSC lines
Lead isotope variations across terrane boundaries of the Tien Shan and Chinese Altay
The Altaid orogen was formed by aggregation of Paleozoic subduction-accretion complexes and Precambrian basement blocks between the Late Proterozoic and the Early Mesozoic. Because the Altaids are the site of abundant granitic plutonism and host some of the largest gold deposits in the world, understanding their formation has important implications on the comprehension of Phanerozoic crustal growth and metallogeny. In this study, we present the first extensive lead isotope data on magmatic and metasedimentary rocks as well as ore deposits of the southern part of the Altaids, including the Tien Shan (Tianshan) and southern Altay (Altai) orogenic belts. Our results show that each terrane investigated within the Tien Shan and southern Altay is characterized by a distinct Pb isotope signature and that there is a SW-NE Pb isotope gradient suggesting a progressive transition from a continental crust environment in the West (the Kyzylkum and Kokshaal segments of the Southern Tien Shan) to an almost 100% juvenile (MORB-type mantle-derived) crust environment in the East (Altay). The Pb isotope signatures of the studied ore deposits follow closely those of magmatic and metasedimentary rocks of the host terranes, thus supporting the validity of lead isotopes to discriminate terranes. Whereas this apparently suggests that no unique reservoir has been responsible for the huge gold concentration in this region, masking of a preferential Pb-poor Au-bearing reservoir by mixing with Pb-rich crustal reservoirs during the mineralizing events cannot be exclude
In-vitro-Studie zur antibakteriellen Wirkung von AdhÀsiva im Agar-Hemmhoftest
Buonocore fĂŒhrte 1995 die Schmelz-Ătz-Technik in der Zahnmedizin ein und legte damit den Grundstein zur Entwicklung und Verwendung moderner AdhĂ€siva und Kompositwerkstoffe in der Zahnheilkunde. Die AdhĂ€sivtechnik ist inzwischen klinisch erprobt und in der restaurativen Therapie heute unversichtbar. Dazu hat auch die in den vergangenen 15 Jahren begonnene "Amalgamdiskussion" beigetragen, die zu einem enormen Nachfragezuwachs zahnfarbener Restaurationen fĂŒhrte. Damit verbunden war eine direkt proportionale Nachfrage nach AdhĂ€sivsystemen. Bis zum Jahre 2003 wurde die Entwicklung der AdhĂ€sivsysteme bis in die 7. Generation vorangetrieben. Nicht zuletzt eröffnet die AdhĂ€sivtechnik auch neue Perspektiven in der Zahnheilkunde. Bei ninimal-invasiver PrĂ€paration wird gesunde Zahnsubstans geschont. Ziel bei der Entwicklung neuer AdhĂ€sivsysteme ist heute die Verbesserung der Haftung des AdhĂ€sivs am Dentin, die Vereinfachung der Applikation und die Reduktion der durchzufĂŒhrenden Arbeitsschritte. Ziel der vorliegenden In-vitro-Studie war es daher, der möglichen antibakteriellen Wirkung der 34 meistverkauften selbstĂ€tzenden (n=7) und totalĂ€tzenden (n=17) AdhĂ€siva gegenĂŒber oralen Keimen, die gewöhnlich am harten KavitĂ€tenboden restieren, nachzugehen
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