Metabolic Signature of Leukocyte Telomere Length in Elite Male Soccer Players

Introduction: Biological aging is associated with changes in the metabolic pathways. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a predictive marker of biological aging; however, the underlying metabolic pathways remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic alterations and identify the metabolic predictors of LTL in elite male soccer players. Methods: Levels of 837 blood metabolites and LTL were measured in 126 young elite male soccer players who tested negative for doping abuse at anti-doping laboratory in Italy. Multivariate analysis using orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS), univariate linear models and enrichment analyses were conducted to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with LTL. Generalized linear model followed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were conducted to identify top metabolites predictive of LTL. Results: Sixty-seven metabolites and seven metabolic pathways showed significant associations with LTL. Among enriched pathways, lysophospholipids, benzoate metabolites, and glycine/serine/threonine metabolites were elevated with longer LTL. Conversely, monoacylglycerols, sphingolipid metabolites, long chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were enriched with shorter telomeres. ROC analysis revealed eight metabolites that best predict LTL, including glutamine, N-acetylglutamine, xanthine, beta-sitosterol, N2-acetyllysine, stearoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:0/20:4), N-acetylserine and 3-7-dimethylurate with AUC of 0.75 (0.64–0.87, p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: This study characterized the metabolic activity in relation to telomere length in elite soccer players. Investigating the functional relevance of these associations could provide a better understanding of exercise physiology and pathophysiology of elite athletes.</p

Studies on Arabic Dialectology and Sociolinguistics

This volume contains over fifty articles related to various fields of modern Arabic dialectology. All the articles are revised and enhanced versions of papers read on the 12th Conference of the Association Internationale de Dialectologie Arabe (AIDA) held in Marseille in June 2017. Since its first conference in Paris in 1993, AIDA members gather every two years in different country. The collection of the AIDA proceedings offer an updated insight of the development of the field. During the past few decadesthe the study of Arabic dialects has become an important branch of research covering a wide range of subjects from phonological analyses, morphosyntax, semantics to pragmatics, sociolinguistics, folk linguistics, studies on literacy and writings, cultural and artistic practices, etc. As many articles of this volume illustrate, the study of Arabic dialects explores different aspects of the languages and cultures of the contemporary Arab world. A remarkable feature is the growing and constant participation of young scholars from all around the globe

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Reconstitution de la dynamique des sols des terrasses de la Dordogne à Creysse (Bergeracois). Impact sur la conservation des sites archéologiques de plein air

*INRA UMR Sciences du Sol de Grignon Diffusion du document : INRA UMR Sciences du Sol de Grignon Diplôme : Dr. Ing

Biological functioning of sandy soils under eucalyptus plantations of different age groups. Effects of reforestation on the communities of soil macrofauna and microorganisms in the Tropical (Congo) and Mediterranean regions (Morocco)

Les plantations d'Eucalyptus, au Congo (région de Pointe-Noire) comme au Maroc (forêt de la Maâmora), soulèvent des controverses quant à leurs effets sur des sols sableux pauvres en matière organique. Dans un enjeu de développement durable de tels écosystèmes anthropiques, les recherches sur le sujet se sont multipliées. Toutefois, les connaissances relatives au fonctionnement biologique des sols sous ces plantations méritent encore d'être approfondies. Principaux acteurs de ce fonctionnement biologique, les organismes vivant dans ces sols et leurs activités ne sont que trop peu décrites, et nécessitent en ce sens de se trouver au cœur des études sur le sujet. Notre travail de thèse s'inscrit dans ces problématiques. Ainsi, nous évaluons les conséquences du reboisement sur les communautés de la macrofaune et des microorganismes de ces sols, et également l'activité des enzymes clés liées aux principaux cycles biogéochimiques (C, N et P).Cette recherche présente la particularité de la prise en compte simultanée de deux facteurs peu souvent évoqués, que sont, l'« âge des plantations » et la « profondeur du sol ». Nous avons abordé ces questions par une étude multi-échelle.Ainsi, nous avons étudié les macroinvertébrés quant à leur diversité taxonomique et à leur composition verticale, selon une approche combinée (TSPF + carré anglais). Par la suite, les premières caractérisations de structure et de diversité des communautés microbiennes ont été réalisées. Ceci, par mesure de densité et par déterminations morphotypiques (cultures in vitro) et génétiques (DGGE), au niveau des communautés totales. Par mesure du potentiel métabolique pour ce qui est des communautés fonctionnelles (plaques Biolog). Enfin, l'activité biologique des sols a été évaluée en mesurant l'activité de huit enzymes et l'activité microbienne globale (hydrolyse FDA).Ainsi, par comparaison à la forêt naturelle adjacente, cette étude nous a permis de mettre en évidence que l'introduction d'eucalyptus sur savane (Congo) ou sur chêne-liège dégradé (Maroc), modifie la structure et la diversité des communautés de la macrofaune et des microorganismes du sol ainsi que le profil des activités enzymatiques. Aussi bien en fonction de l'âge des plantations que de la profondeur du sol, ceci est valable. C'est le fonctionnement biologique qui se trouve donc impacté.Les proportions et les conséquences de cet impact restent toutefois particulières à chaque cas. Il faut cependant noter exception pour les activités enzymatiques liées au cycle de l'azote, qui apparaissent influencées de façon comparable dans les deux cas à l'étude. Ces activités diminuent significativement avec l'âge du peuplement, confirmant le statut déficitaire en azote de ce type de plantation.Eucalyptus plantations in Congo (Pointe-Noire region) and in Morocco (Mamora forest) raised certain controversies regarding their effects on the sandy poor soils. In such anthropogenic ecosystems, researches on the subject have multiplied in order to ensure their sustainable management. However, knowledge on the biological functioning of soils in these plantations still needs to be explored. Main actors of this biological functioning are soil organisms and their activities which have been described very little, and need to be more studied. Our thesis encompasses this problematic. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of reforestation on the communities of macrofauna and microorganisms of soil, and the activity of different key enzymes, as well, related to main biogeochemical cycles (C, N and P). This research presents, particularly, a simultaneous consideration of two factors rarely mentioned before: the "age of the plantations" and "soil depth". We addressed these issues by a multi-scale study. We studied macroinvertebrates by their taxonomic diversity and vertically composition by a combined approach (TSPF + English square). Subsequently, the characterization of structure and diversity of microbial communities was done by density measurements, morphotype-specific (in-vitro culture) and the genetic determinations (DGGE) and by measuring the metabolic potential in terms of functional communities (Biolog plates). Finally, soil biological activity was evaluated by determining the activity of eight different enzymes and the total microbial activity (FDA hydrolysis).Therefore, as compared to the adjacent natural forest soils, this study allowed us to demonstrate that the introduction of eucalyptus plantations, in savanna (Congo) or in degraded cork oak ecosystem (Morocco), alters the structure and diversity of macrofauna communities, soil microorganisms and the enzymatic activity profiles. Consequently, the biological functioning of the soils is impacted both in terms of the age of plantations and soil depth. However, the proportions and the consequences of this impact were very specific in each case, with the exception of enzymatic activities related to the nitrogen cycle, which influenced comparatively in both studies. These activities decreased significantly along with the stand age of eucalyptus plantations, confirming the deficient status of nitrogen in such plantations