370 research outputs found
Deep 1.1 mm-wavelength imaging of the GOODS-S field by AzTEC/ASTE - I. Source catalogue and number counts
[Abridged] We present the first results from a 1.1 mm confusion-limited map
of the GOODS-S field taken with AzTEC on the ASTE telescope. We imaged a 270
sq. arcmin field to a 1\sigma depth of 0.48 - 0.73 mJy/beam, making this one of
the deepest blank-field surveys at mm-wavelengths ever achieved. Although our
GOODS-S map is extremely confused, we demonstrate that our source
identification and number counts analyses are robust, and the techniques
discussed in this paper are relevant for other deeply confused surveys. We find
a total of 41 dusty starburst galaxies with S/N >= 3.5 within this uniformly
covered region, where only two are expected to be false detections. We derive
the 1.1mm number counts from this field using both a "P(d)" analysis and a
semi-Bayesian technique, and find that both methods give consistent results.
Our data are well-fit by a Schechter function model with (S', N(3mJy), \alpha)
= (1.30+0.19 mJy, 160+27 (mJy/deg^2)^(-1), -2.0). Given the depth of this
survey, we put the first tight constraints on the 1.1 mm number counts at
S(1.1mm) = 0.5 mJy, and we find evidence that the faint-end of the number
counts at S(850\mu m) < 2.0 mJy from various SCUBA surveys towards lensing
clusters are biased high. In contrast to the 870 \mu m survey of this field
with the LABOCA camera, we find no apparent under-density of sources compared
to previous surveys at 1.1 mm. Additionally, we find a significant number of
SMGs not identified in the LABOCA catalogue. We find that in contrast to
observations at wavelengths < 500 \mu m, MIPS 24 \mu m sources do not resolve
the total energy density in the cosmic infrared background at 1.1 mm,
demonstrating that a population of z > 3 dust-obscured galaxies that are
unaccounted for at these shorter wavelengths potentially contribute to a large
fraction (~2/3) of the infrared background at 1.1 mm.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures. Accepted to MNRAS
Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites Produced in vitro by Penicillium paneum Frisvad and Penicillium roqueforti Thom Isolated from Baled Grass Silage in Ireland
Deep 1.1 mm-wavelength imaging of the GOODS-S field by AzTEC/ASTE β I. Source catalogue and number counts
This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society Β©: 2010 K. S. Scott et al. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved
A bright, dust-obscured, millimetre-selected galaxy beyond the Bullet Cluster (1E0657β56)
This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Β©: 2008 G. W. Wilson et al. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Deep 1.1 mm continuum observations of 1E0657β56 (the βBullet Clusterβ) taken with the millimeter-wavelength camera AzTEC on the 10-m Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE), have revealed an extremely bright (S1.1 mm= 15.9 mJy) unresolved source. This source, MMJ065837β5557.0, lies close to a maximum in the density of underlying mass distribution, towards the larger of the two interacting clusters as traced by the weak-lensing analysis of Clowe et al. Using opticalβinfrared (IR) colours, we argue that MMJ065837β5557.0 lies at a redshift of z= 2.7 Β± 0.2. A lensing-derived mass model for the Bullet Cluster shows a critical line (caustic) of magnification within a few arcsec of the AzTEC source, sufficient to amplify the intrinsic millimetre-wavelength flux of the AzTEC galaxy by a factor of β«20. After subtraction of the foreground cluster emission at 1.1 mm due to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, and correcting for the magnification, the rest-frame far-IR luminosity of MMJ065837β5557.0 is β€1012Lβ, characteristic of a luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG). We explore various scenarios to explain the colours, morphologies and positional offsets between the potential optical and IR counterparts, and their relationship with MMJ065837β5557.0. Until higher resolution and more sensitive (sub)millimetre observations are available, the detection of background galaxies close to the caustics of massive lensing clusters offers the only opportunity to study this intrinsically faint millimetre-galaxy population
Abordagem da artroplastia total do joelho no Brasil: estudo transversal
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has evolved particularly since the 1970s, with improvements in implants and surgical instruments, and has thus become an effective intervention for treating knee arthrosis. Many studies have presented rates of satisfactory clinical and radiological results greater than 90%, from follow-ups of over ten years. Nevertheless, despite scientific evidence showing the efficacy of TKA, the approaches taken present controversies in certain respects. The objective of this study was to evaluate how the Brazilian orthopedists deal with TKA, with investigation of the main aspects of this procedure. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional survey conducted during the 39th Brazilian Congress of Orthopedics and Traumatology, in SΓ£o Paulo, Brazil, in November 2007. METHODS: We applied a questionnaire to orthopedists registered at the congress. The questionnaire was randomly distributed and participation was voluntary; 858 completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Most of the Brazilian orthopedists were members of SBOT and worked in the southeastern region. They used imported cemented implants through an anterior access route centered on the patella, with replacement of the joint surface of the patella and preservation of the posterior cruciate ligament. They did not have experience with simultaneous bilateral TKA. Postoperatively, they used antibiotics and suction drains for 48 hours. There was no consensus regarding prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism or the frequency of the main complications. CONCLUSION: The majority of Brazilian orthopedists work in the southeastern region of the country and agree about the main aspects of the approaches towards TKA.CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ) evoluiu sobremaneira desde os anos 70, com melhora dos implantes e do instrumental cirΓΊrgico, tornando-se uma intervenção efetiva para o tratamento da artrose do joelho. Muitos estudos apresentam resultados clΓnicos e radiolΓ³gicos satisfatΓ³rios superiores a 90% no acompanhamento acima de 10 anos. Apesar das evidΓͺncias cientΓficas sobre sua eficΓ‘cia da ATJ, a sua abordagem apresenta controvΓ©rsias em alguns aspectos. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar como o ortopedista brasileiro aborda a ATJ e os principais aspectos tΓ©cnicos na realização deste procedimento. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal, realizado durante o 39ΒΊ Congresso Brasileiro de Ortopedia e Traumatologia em SΓ£o Paulo, Brasil, em novembro de 2007. MΓTODOS: Aplicamos um questionΓ‘rio aos ortopedistas inscritos no congresso. A distribuição foi aleatΓ³ria com adesΓ£o voluntΓ‘ria. Foram incluΓdos 858 questionΓ‘rios para anΓ‘lise. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos Ortopedistas Brasileiros sΓ£o membros da SBOT e atua na regiΓ£o sudeste. Usam o implante importado, cimentado, por via de acesso anterior centrada na patela, com substituição da superfΓcie articular da patela e preservação do ligamento cruzado posterior e nΓ£o tem experiΓͺncia com a artroplastia total bilateral simultΓ’nea. No pΓ³s-operatΓ³rio utilizam antibiΓ³ticos e dreno de sucção por 48 horas. NΓ£o houve consenso quanto Γ profilaxia para tromboembolismo venoso e frequΓͺncia das principais complicaçáes. CONCLUSΓO: A maioria dos ortopedistas brasileiros trabalha na regiΓ£o sudeste e concorda quanto aos principais aspectos da abordagem da ATJ.Universidade Federal de SΓ£o Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUniversidade Federal de SΓ£o Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Orthopedist and Head of the Knee GroupUNIFESP, Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUNIFESP, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Orthopedist and Head of the Knee GroupSciEL
Systems genetics identifies a role for Cacna2d1 regulation in elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma susceptibility
Glaucoma is a multi-factorial blinding disease in which genetic factors play an important role. Elevated intraocular pressure is a highly heritable risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma and currently the only target for glaucoma therapy. Our study helps to better understand underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate intraocular pressure, and identifies a new candidate gene, Cacna2d1, that modulates intraocular pressure and a promising therapeutic, pregabalin, which binds to CACNA2D1 protein and lowers intraocular pressure significantly. Because our study utilizes a genetically diverse population of mice with kno
NIBBS-Search for Fast and Accurate Prediction of Phenotype-Biased Metabolic Systems
Understanding of genotype-phenotype associations is important not only for furthering our knowledge on internal cellular processes, but also essential for providing the foundation necessary for genetic engineering of microorganisms for industrial use (e.g., production of bioenergy or biofuels). However, genotype-phenotype associations alone do not provide enough information to alter an organism's genome to either suppress or exhibit a phenotype. It is important to look at the phenotype-related genes in the context of the genome-scale network to understand how the genes interact with other genes in the organism. Identification of metabolic subsystems involved in the expression of the phenotype is one way of placing the phenotype-related genes in the context of the entire network. A metabolic system refers to a metabolic network subgraph; nodes are compounds and edges labels are the enzymes that catalyze the reaction. The metabolic subsystem could be part of a single metabolic pathway or span parts of multiple pathways. Arguably, comparative genome-scale metabolic network analysis is a promising strategy to identify these phenotype-related metabolic subsystems. Network Instance-Based Biased Subgraph Search (NIBBS) is a graph-theoretic method for genome-scale metabolic network comparative analysis that can identify metabolic systems that are statistically biased toward phenotype-expressing organismal networks. We set up experiments with target phenotypes like hydrogen production, TCA expression, and acid-tolerance. We show via extensive literature search that some of the resulting metabolic subsystems are indeed phenotype-related and formulate hypotheses for other systems in terms of their role in phenotype expression. NIBBS is also orders of magnitude faster than MULE, one of the most efficient maximal frequent subgraph mining algorithms that could be adjusted for this problem. Also, the set of phenotype-biased metabolic systems output by NIBBS comes very close to the set of phenotype-biased subgraphs output by an exact maximally-biased subgraph enumeration algorithm ( MBS-Enum ). The code (NIBBS and the module to visualize the identified subsystems) is available at http://freescience.org/cs/NIBBS
Production of Virus-Derived Ping-Pong-Dependent piRNA-like Small RNAs in the Mosquito Soma
The natural maintenance cycles of many mosquito-borne pathogens require establishment of persistent non-lethal infections in the invertebrate host. The mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood, but we have previously shown that an antiviral response directed by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is important in modulating the pathogenesis of alphavirus infections in the mosquito. However, we report here that infection of mosquitoes with an alphavirus also triggers the production of another class of virus-derived small RNAs that exhibit many similarities to ping-pong-dependent piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). However, unlike ping-pong-dependent piRNAs that have been described previously from repetitive elements or piRNA clusters, our work suggests production in the soma. We also present evidence that suggests virus-derived piRNA-like small RNAs are capable of modulating the pathogenesis of alphavirus infections in dicer-2 null mutant mosquito cell lines defective in viral siRNA production. Overall, our results suggest that a non-canonical piRNA pathway is present in the soma of vector mosquitoes and may be acting redundantly to the siRNA pathway to target alphavirus replication
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