44 research outputs found

    Oasis: Uso de escáneres láser en infraestructuras ITS para modelización del tráfico

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    Detectar, predecir y gestionar el tráfico a lo largo de una autopista con herramientas inteligentes lo más automatizadas posibles y con el fin de obtener un tráfico uniforme, es uno de los principales objetivos del proyecto CENIT OASIS (Operación de autopistas seguras inteligentes y sostenibles). Dentro del ámbito de la movilidad, es fundamental establecer un modelo de sensorización óptimo que extraiga la máxima información y de la mayor calidad posible. Para ello, la visión artificial se propone como solución en numerosas aplicaciones de tráfico mediante la utilización de cámaras de vídeo y algoritmos específicos, sin embargo a pesar de su extendida implantación presenta ciertas limitaciones. La combinación de las tecnologías de visión artificial con sensores basados en tecnología LIDAR puede paliar parte de dichas limitaciones y permitir el desarrollo de un sistema mixto robusto y preciso. Desde OASIS se plantea una solución híbrida, complementaria, basada en la fusión de técnicas de visión artificial y tecnologías LIDAR para la detección y monitorización de tráfico a nivel microscópico de tráfic

    “ApS Pan Bendito”: Apoyo en materia tributaria a diversas entidades y colectivos del barrio de Pan Bendito de Madrid

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    “ApS Pan Bendito” es una propuesta docente que integra el servicio a la comunidad y el aprendizaje académico. El objetivo del proyecto es poner en práctica los conocimientos adquiridos por los alumnos en clase en materia del Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas (IRPF). Para ello, profesorado y alumnado prestan sus conocimientos a entidades sociales que actúan en el barrio de Pan Bendito. Se trata de un barrio crónicamente afectado por la pobreza situado en el municipio de Carabanchel (Madrid). Los alumnos, en primer lugar, realizan una primera visita al barrio para conocer el contexto social y detectan las necesidades de asesoramiento en materia tributaria. Posteriormente, realizan varias presentaciones orales a la comunidad concienciando de la importancia del sector público (ingresos y gastos públicos) y terminan realizando una orientación personalizada en relación al IRPF. Los alumnos constatan la utilidad y relevancia práctica del aprendizaje del IRPF, así como la importancia de ser competentes profesionalmente para poder contribuir positivamente a la transformación social

    Utilización de técnicas audiovisuales en la enseñanza de la economía pública: elaboración de materiales por parte de profesores y alumnos

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    El proyecto de innovación al que se refiere esta memoria tenía como eje la elaboración de material audiovisual para cubrir los dos temas más relevantes de la asignatura Economía Pública, que se imparte en el primer cuatrimestre del tercer curso del Grado en Economía. A partir de ese eje común se articulaban dos partes diferenciadas. La primera de ellas consistía en la elaboración, por parte del equipo docente, de una serie de vídeos de corta duración (entre 5 y 7 minutos), para explicar los principales conceptos relacionados con los fallos asignativos de mercado, materia a la que está dedicado el tema 2 de la asignatura. La segunda, en cambio, implicaba la elaboración de vídeos por parte de los estudiantes como método para cubrir el tema 5 de la asignatura, dedicado al estudio del gasto público en el Estado del Bienestar

    Hepatic encephalopathy-associated cerebral vasculopathy in acute-on-chronic liver failure: Alterations on endothelial factor release and influence on cerebrovascular function

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    The acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by liver decompensation, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and high mortality. We aimed to determine the mechanisms implicated in the development of HE-associated cerebral vasculopathy in a microsurgical liver cholestasis (MHC) model of ACLF. Microsurgical liver cholestasis was induced by ligating and extracting the common bile duct and four bile ducts. Sham-operated and MHC rats were maintained for eight postoperative weeks Bradykinin-induced vasodilation was greater in middle cerebral arteries from MHC rats. Both Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and indomethacin diminished bradykinin-induced vasodilation largely in arteries from MHC rats. Nitrite and prostaglandin (PG) F releases were increased, whereas thromboxane (TX) B was not modified in arteries from MHC. Expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible NOS, and cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 were augmented, and neuronal NOS (nNOS), COX-1, PGI synthase, and TXA S were unmodified. Phosphorylation was augmented for eNOS and unmodified for nNOS. Altogether, these endothelial alterations might collaborate to increase brain blood flow in HE. 1α 2 2 2This research was funded by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (SAF2016-80305-P), CiberCV (Grant number: CB16/11/00286), the European Regional Development Grant (FEDER) (Comunidad de Madrid, grant number B2017/BMD- 3676), and R C D projects for young researchers, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Comunidad de Madrid (SI1-PJI-2019- 00321). RR-D received a fellowship from Juan de la Cierva Program (IJCI-2017-31399)

    A Career in Catalysis: Avelino Corma

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    As one of the most influential scientists in the field of heterogeneous catalysis and materials science, Prof. Avelino Corma has made significant contributions in many diverse fields, spanning over solid catalysts for petrochemistry, solid catalysts for production of fine chemicals, synthesis of microporous and mesoporous materials, development of inorganic-organic hybrid materials, supported metal catalysts (from isolated metal atoms to nanoclusters and nanoparticles) and photochemistry with solid materials. These experimental approaches are complemented with characterization of solid materials with advanced spectroscopy and microscopy techniques as well as theoretical calculations/modeling. The aim of this Account is to overview Avelino's distinguished scientific career and highlight the most remarkable achievements made in his research activities during >40 years. We attempt to show the evolution of Avelino's research topics in his group throughout his career and the approaches that Avelino has chosen to tackle the challenges encountered. The research paradigm developed by Avelino and his team can be inspiring to the researchers in the field of materials science who are striving to translate the knowledge generated in fundamental studies into practical applications for addressing the new scientific challenges encountered in building a sustainable world

    First description and validation of a new method for estimating aortic stenosis burden and predicting the functional response to TAVI

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    Background: up to one-fifth of patients continue to have poor quality of life after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), with an additional similar proportion not surviving 1 year after the procedure. We aimed to assess the value of a new method based on an integrated analysis of left ventricular outflow tract flow velocity and aortic pressure to predict objective functional improvement and prognosis after TAVI. Methods: in a cohort of consecutive patients undergoing TAVI, flow velocity-pressure integrated analysis was obtained from simultaneous pressure recordings in the ascending aorta and flow velocity recordings in the left ventricular outflow tract by echocardiography. Objective functional improvement 6 months after TAVI was assessed through changes in a 6-min walk test and NT-proBNP levels. A clinical follow-up was conducted at 2 years. Results: of the 102 patients studied, 82 (80.4%) showed objective functional improvement. The 2-year mortality of these patients was significantly lower (9% vs. 44%, p=0.001). In multivariate analysis, parameter "(Pressure at Vmax - Pressure at Vo)/Vmax" was found to be an independent predictor for objective improvement. The C-statistic was 0.70 in the overall population and 0.78 in the low-gradient subgroup. All echocardiographic parameters and the valvuloarterial impedance showed a C-statistic of <0.6 for the overall and low-gradient patients. In a validation cohort of 119 patients, the C-statistic was 0.67 for the total cohort and 0.76 for the low-gradient subgroup. Conclusion: this new method allows predicting objective functional improvement after TAVI more precisely than the conventional parameters used to assess the severity of aortic stenosis, particularly in low-gradient patients

    CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

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    Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research
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