Las redes inalámbricas de área local ("Wi-Fi") en la FCC y el CNAF

En los últimos años, las Redes Inalámbricas de Área Local (WLAN, Wireless Local Área Networks) basadas en el estándar IEEE (802.11 [1] y sus derivados ñan conseguido unos altos niveles de implantación y desbordar el ámbito de aplicaciones y servicios para los que fueron inicialmente concebidas. De hecho, que se ñan convertido en un fenómeno tecnológico

Despliegue de redes inalámbricas (WI-FI): planificación radio

Desde hace apenas tres años, una tecnología, o quizás sería más exacto, un protocolo de comunicaciones empezó a despuntar con éxito y vistas de un tremendo futuro. Esta tecnología basada en el estándar IEEE 802.11b y conocida como Wi-Fi (“Wireless Fidelity”) ha conseguido unos altos niveles de implantación, desbordar el ámbito de aplicaciones y servicios para los que fue inicialmente concebida y ser un poderoso complemento a otras tecnologías que requieren importantes infraestructuras y altos niveles de inversión

Acción urbana: ¿acción profesional?

El debate “¿Acción urbana: acción profesional?” se celebró el 30 de abril de 2014 en el marco del programa radiofónico “¿Qué está paz-ando? Una mirada reflexiva con los actores que construyen ciudadanía”, del Instituto de Paz de la Universidad Distrital de Bogotá, (Colombia). En él se trató el tema de las acciones urbanas desde distintas visiones, con invitados tanto académicos como profesionales provenientes del I Foro Internacional de Acciones Urbanas, organizado por la Universidad de Los Andes. Se tuvo especial atención a la participación desde Twitter a través del hashtag #D_accion, transmitiendo temas y preguntas a los distintos invitado

Changes produced by the application of biostimulants on almond rootstocks properties during the nursery process

[EN] During the last ten years we have assisted to the consolidation of the almond crop that has remarkably increased its cultivation area causing a high demand for both plants and products related to growth stimulation. Accordingly, in the present work we aim to study the changes produced by the contribution of two biostimulants (humic and fulvic acids or aminoacids) on the properties of almond tree rootstocks. This kind of studies are of interest to the nursery cultivation industry where rapid growth of trees and good adaptation to their cultivation environment are required. Plants' radicular and vegetative systems responded differently according to the rootstock selection. The fastest and vigorous vegetative development was observed in GN rootstock whereas GF 677 showed the greatest number of main roots and RP-R of secondary roots. Differences on antioxidant activity and phenol content have also been found between rootstocks. All the tested samples were found to have a high antioxidant power and a high phenol content but GN stood out in this regard over the other rootstocks under study. The efficiency of the biostimulants applied has been verified. Both biostimulants promoted the development of the aerial part of the trees but biostimulant 2 did it to a greater extent. Biostimulant 1 was able to duplicate the number of main roots in RP-R and during the first year of study, biostimulant 2 originated an increase of the weight of the root system by 26.44% for RP-R, 16.93% for GF 677 and 48.00% for GN. In view of these results, synthetic chemical fertilizers can be at least partially replaced by biostimulants.Mondragón-Valero, A.; Malheiro, R.; Salazar Hernández, DM.; Pereira, JA.; López- Cortés, I. (2019). Changes produced by the application of biostimulants on almond rootstocks properties during the nursery process. Advances in Agriculture & Botanics (Online). 11(1):56-71. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/151095S567111

Voltammetric determination of antihypertensive drug hydrochlorothiazide using screen-printed electrodes modified with L- glutamic acid

This work deals with the development of screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with L-glutamic acid via two different approaches: electropolymerization (SPCE/PGA) and aryl diazonium electrochemical grafting (SPCE/EGA). SPCE/PGA and SPCE/EGA were analytically compared in the determination of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) by differential pulse voltammetry. Both electrochemical characterization and analytical performance indicate that SPCE/EGA is a much better sensor for HCTZ. The detection and quantification limits were at the level of micromol L-1 with a very good linearity in the studied concentration range. In addition, the proposed SPCE/EGA was successfully applied for the determination of HCTZ in an anti-hypertensive drug with high reproducibility and good trueness

Desarrollo de un sistema exportable de confianza corporativa: Aplicación a entornos de trazabilidad de productos

Cada vez es más habitual que en los procesos de fabricación participen diversos fabricantes y empresas. Por otro lado, una característica de los productos muy valorada hoy en día por los consumidores, es la calidad. Ya no es suficiente con producir barato, sino que cada vez es más importante producir con calidad, siendo ésta un factor diferenciador de las manufacturas que se realizan bajo las diversas marcas. La calidad se está integrando cada vez más en las empresas y en sus procesos productivos y de gestión, como un valor añadido y diferenciador del producto. Es habitual encontrar diversos controles de calidad a lo largo de los procesos de fabricación. Lo que ya no es tan habitual es que se pueda identificar a los operarios encargados del control de calidad. A lo sumo, el encargado del control de calidad final deja algún tipo de identificación (por ejemplo un pequeño adhesivo o etiqueta con un número impreso), pero esta identificación carece de sentido en cuanto el producto entra en otra cadena de producción o llega al comprador. En este escenario, aparece otro factor importante como es la confianza. En los actuales sistemas productivos se deben establecer relaciones de confianza entre las empresas encargadas de las diferentes fases de producción (todas esperan que las demás hagan su trabajo según lo acordado). Además, los agentes designados para verificar la adecuación de los productos a lo esperado en las diversas fases de producción, son depositarios de la confianza de la empresa a la que pertenecen. El objetivo principal de la tesis es el desarrollo de un modelo de confianza corporativa exportable, que sea sencillo y económico de implementar. Para ello, se ha propuesto un sistema confiable de identidad digital de los productos. Es decir, cada producto posee un conjunto de atributos que definen su identidad digital, que lo hace único, pero además, cada uno de estos atributos está avalado por el agente de control que lo verificó, por tanto se puede afirmar que es una identidad de calidad. Con este planteamiento, y con una infraestructura mínima, se pueden integrar en el sistema todos los procesos y compañías involucrados en la cadena de producción, bajo un sello de calidad común: la identidad de calidad del producto. Para comprobar la validez de esta propuesta, se ha realizado una prueba de concepto, integrando este sistema de identidad de calidad en un entorno de trazabilidad alimentaria basada en RFID (identificación por radiofrecuencia). Este prototipo, que sirve para securizar la trazabilidad de un producto cárnico elaborado, se ha realizado sobre la tecnología de etiquetado basada en RFID. Con esta tecnología, y para las condiciones ambientales donde se ha desarrollado el proceso de producción de las piezas a controlar en este caso concreto, el tipo de etiquetas idóneo dispone de una cantidad de memoria extremadamente reducida. Además, debido a que anualmente deben utilizarse cientos de miles de etiquetas, el coste de estas etiquetas debe ser sumamente bajo, por lo que sólo es posible utilizar etiquetas muy sencillas (y por tanto sin capacidades de cálculo). Para poder utilizar este tipo de etiquetas, se ha planteado que las operaciones criptográficas no sean realizadas en la etiqueta, sino en un sistema externo basado en una Infraestructura de Clave Pública (PKI), de manera que la etiqueta sólo sirve como soporte de datos en texto plano (sin cifrar), pero firmados electrónicamente. Para resolver el problema del poco espacio de memoria disponible para las firmas de los diferentes agentes de control, se ha recurrido a la utilización de firmas agregadas. Además, al trabajar con criptografía de curvas elípticas, el tamaño de la firma es notablemente menor, para un mismo nivel de seguridad, que el de otros sistemas. Adicionalmente, el sistema propuesto permite transferir la confianza entre las compañías implicadas en un proceso de producción (basta compartir las claves públicas de los firmantes y sus nombres), y se adapta a cualquier entorno productivo. Por todo ello, el sistema propuesto resuelve de forma eficaz la integración de diversas empresas en el proceso de fabricación de un producto, con escaso coste, y permitiendo una verificación de la identidad digital en cualquier parte del proceso, incluida la fase de comercialización

Leishmania amastigotes in the central nervous system of a naturally infected dog

A 4-year-old male Labrador Retriever dog was presented with a 10-day history of tetraplegia, depression, and absent postural reflexes. The cerebrospinal fluid was positive for Leishmania spp. DNA. At necropsy, a 2-cm long mass was observed adhered to C7 and C8 left spinal nerves. Microscopically, nerve fiber destruction together with mixed inflammatory infiltration was observed in the spinal nerves. Cervical spinal cord sections showed multifocal, diffuse granulomatous inflammation in the white matter. In the brain, perivascular infiltrates were observed in some areas together with subtle pallor of the parenchyma. Immunohistochemistry for Leishmania infantum confirmed the presence of amastigotes in the spinal nerves, spinal cord, brain parenchyma, and choroid plexuses. The current study describes the presence of Leishmania amastigotes in nervous tissue inciting radiculoneuritis, myelitis, and mild meningoencephalitis, suggesting a likely route by which L. infantum amastigotes reach and affect the central nervous system parenchyma

Physicochemical composition and antioxidant activity of several pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars grown in Spain

[EN] Nine pomegranate cultivars grown in Spain were selected, and their physicochemical (total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, maturity index, monomeric anthocyanin pigment, flavonoids, hydrolyzable tannins, and vitamin C) and antioxidant properties and polyphenolic composition of the juices were compared. A total of 53 polyphenols were identified, showing cultivars different profiles. Of all nine cultivars, Katirbasi had the highest contents of flavonoids, hydrolyzable tannins and vitamin C, as well as gallic acid and ellagic acid contents, explaining its high total reducing capacity. Principal component analysis allowed Katirbasi to be differentiated clearly from the others. Other cultivars presented also interesting characteristics such as high monomeric anthocyanin pigment content (CG8 cultivar) and interesting antioxidant activity (Wonderful 2 and CG8 cultivars). CG8 was the cultivar with the highest value of cyanidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside. Thus, this study will assist pomegranate producers in choosing the most suitable cultivar according to its ultimate use.Authors are grateful to POCTEP-Programa de Cooperacao Transfronteirica Espanha-Portugal for financial support through the Project "RED/AGROTEC - Experimentation network and transfer for development of agricultural and agro industrial sectors between Spain and Portugal" and CIMO through the Project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2014 and the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013).Fernandes, L.; Pereira, JA.; López- Cortés, I.; Salazar Hernández, DM.; González-Álvarez, J.; Ramalhosa, E. (2017). Physicochemical composition and antioxidant activity of several pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars grown in Spain. 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In: Melgarejo P, Martínez-Nicolás JJ, Martínez-Tomé J (eds) Production, processing and marketing of pomegranate in the Mediterranean region: advances in research and technology. Options Méditerranéennes: Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 42, CIHEAM, MadridOrdoudi SA, Mantzouridou F, Daftsiou E, Malo C, Hatzidimitriou E, Nenadis N, Tsimidou MZ (2014) Pomegranate juice functional constituents after alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation. J Funct Foods 8:161–168Park JE, Kim JY, Kim J, Kim YJ, Kim MJ, Kwon SW, Kwon O (2014) Pomegranate vinegar beverage reduces visceral fat accumulation in association with AMPK activation in overweight women: a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial. J Funct Foods 8:274–281Magerramov MA, Abdulagatov AI, Azizov ND, Abdulagatov IM (2007) Effect of temperature, concentration, and pressure on the viscosity of pomegranate and pear juice concentrates. J Food Process Eng 80:476–489Madrigal-Carballo S, Rodriguez G, Krueger CG, Dreher M, Reed JD (2009) Pomegranate (Punica granatum) supplements: authenticity, antioxidant and polyphenol composition. J Funct Foods 1:324–329Tehranifar A, Zarei M, Nemati Z, Esfandiyari B, Vazifeshenas MR (2010) Investigation of physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of twenty Iranian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Sci Hort 126:180–185Zarei M, Azizi M, Bashiri-Sadr Z (2010) Studies on physico-chemical properties and bioactive compounds of six pomegranate cultivars grown in Iran. J Food Technol 8:112–117Gözlekçi Ş, Saraçoğlu O, Onursal E, Özgen M (2011) Total phenolic distribution of juice, peel, and seed extracts of four pomegranate cultivars. ‎Pharmacogn Mag 7:161–164Ozgen M, Durgaç C, Serçe S, Kaya C (2008) Chemical and antioxidant properties of pomegranate cultivars grown in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Food Chem 111:703–706Gadže J, Voća S, Čmelik Z, Mustać I, Ercisli S, Radunić M (2012) Physico-chemical characteristics of main pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars grown in Dalmatia region of Croatia. J Appl Bot Food Qual 85:202–206Radunić M, Špika MJ, Ban SG, Gadže J, Lean DM (2012) Chemical composition of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars grown in Croatia. In: Melgarejo P, Valero D (eds) II International Symposium on the Pomegranate, Options Méditerranéennes—Series A: Mediterranean Seminars, CIHEAM, ValenciaLegua P, Melgarejo P, Abdelmajid H, Martínez JJ, Martínez R, Ilham H, Hafida H, Hernández F (2012) Total phenols and antioxidant capacity in 10 Moroccan pomegranate varieties‎. J Food Sci 71:115–120Ferrara G, Giancaspro A, Mazzeo A, Giove SL, Matarrese MAS, Pacucci C, Punzi R, Trani A, Gambacorta G, Blanco A, Gadaleta A (2014) Characterization of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes collected in Puglia region Southeastern Italy. Sci Hort 178:70–78Hernández F, Legua P, Martínez M, Melgarejo P (2000) Evolution of sugars and organic acid content in three pomegranate cultivars (Punica granatum L.). In: Melgarejo P, Martínez-Nicolás JJ, Martínez-Tomé J (eds) Production, processing and marketing of pomegranate in the Mediterranean region: Advances in research and technology, Options Méditerranéennes: Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 42, CIHEAM, MadridLegua P, Melgarejo P, Martínez JJ, Martínez R, Hernández F (2012) Evaluation of Spanish pomegranate juices: organic acids, sugars, and anthocyanins. Int J Food Prop 15:481–494Martínez JJ, Melgarejo P, Hernández F, Salazar DM, Martínez R (2006) Seed characterisation of five new pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) varieties. Sci Hort 110:241–246Vegara S, Martí N, Lorente J, Coll L, Streitenberger S, Valero M, Saura D (2014) Chemical guide parameters for Punica granatum cv. ‘Mollar’ fruit juices processed at industrial scale. 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Food Chem 133:1383–1393Elfalleh W, Hannachi H, Tlili N, Yahia Y, Nasri N, Ferchichi A (2012) Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of pomegranate peel, seed, leaf and flower. J Med Plants Res 6:4724–4730Falcão AP, Chaves ES, Kuskoski EM, Fett R, Falcão LD, Bordignon-Luiz MT (2007) Total polyphenol index, total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of a model system of grape jelly. Ciênc Tecnol Aliment 27:637–642Delgado T, Malheiro R, Pereira JA, Ramalhosa E (2010) Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) kernels as a source of antioxidants and their potential in relation to other nuts. Ind Crops Prod 32:621–626Mena P, Calani L, Dall’Asta C, Galaverna G, García-Viguera C, Bruni R, Crozier A, Del Rio D (2012) Rapid and comprehensive evaluation of (Poly)phenolic compounds in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice by UHPLC-MS. Molecules 17:14821–14840Calani L, Beghè D, Mena P, Del Rio D, Bruni R, Fabbri A, Dall’Asta C, Galaverna G (2013) Ultra-HPLC–MSn (Poly)phenolic profiling and chemometric analysis of juices from ancient Punica granatum L. Cultivars: a nontargeted approach‎. J Agric Food Chem 61:5600–5609Raduníc M, Špika MJ, Ban SG, Gadze J, Diáz-Pérez JC, MacLean D (2015) Physical and chemical properties of pomegranate fruit accessions from Croatia. Food Chem 177:53–60Ferrara G, Cavoski I, Pacifico A, Tedone L, Mondelli D (2011) Morpho-pomological and chemical characterization of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes in Apulia region, Southeastern Italy. Sci Hort 130:599–606Melgarejo P, Sánchez M, Hernández F, Martínez JJ, Amorós A (2012) Parameters for determining the hardness and pleasantness of pomegranates (Punica granatum L.). 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Changes in retinal OCT and their correlations with neurological disability in early ALS patients, a follow-up study

Background: To compare early visual changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with healthy controls in a baseline exploration, to follow-up the patients after 6 months, and to correlate these visual changes with neurological disability. Methods: All patients underwent a comprehensive neurological and ophthalmological examination. A linear mixed analysis and Bonferroni p-value correction were performed, testing four comparisons as follows: Control baseline vs. control follow-up, control baseline vs. ALS baseline, control follow-up vs. ALS follow-up, and ALS baseline vs. ALS follow-up. Results: The mean time from the diagnosis was 10.80 +/- 5.5 months. The analysis of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed: (1) In ALS baseline vs. control baseline, a macular significantly increased thickness of the inner macular ring temporal and inferior areas; (2) in ALS follow-up vs. ALS baseline, a significant macular thinning in the inner and outer macular ring inferior areas; (3) in ALS follow-up vs. ALS baseline, a significant peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thinning in the superior and inferior quadrants; and (4) ALS patients showed a moderate correlation between some OCT pRNFL parameters and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score. Conclusion: The OCT showed retinal changes in patients with motoneuron disease and could serve as a complementary tool for studying ALS

Motor speed predicts stability of cognitive deficits in both schizophrenic and bipolar I patients at one-year follow-up

Background We examined whether motor speed assessed by the finger tapping test predicts generalized and specific stable deficits because of a common patho-genic process in bipolar and schizophrenic patients. Methods: One hundred and two patients underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests. Patients with a score of less than one standard deviation from their siblings' sample in two assessments with an interval of one year were defined as suffering from stable deficits because of a common pathogenic process. In addition to univariate analyses, factor analyses, ordinal logistic regression, and multiple linear regressions were used. A general score was also calculated. Results: No differences were found between schizophrenic and bipolar patients in the deficits of verbal fluency, shift reasoning ability and executive attention. Schizophrenic patients had greater persistent cognitive deficit because of a common pathogenic factor in the verbal memory dimension than bipolar patients. Motor speed predicted the specific deficits of verbal fluency, shift reasoning, executive attention and the general deficit of both bipolar I and schizophrenic patients. Bipolar patients suffered a lesser specific deficit in the verbal memory dimension than schizophrenic patients did, this domain not being predicted by motor speed. Motor speed predicted the generalized deficit and the specific dimensions in which schizophrenic and bipolar patients showed no differences. Conclusions: These results suggest the presence of general and specific stable cognitive deficits because of a common pathogenic factor related to psychomotor slowness. Motor speed seems to be suitable endophenocognitype for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder