EFEKTIFITAS PELVIC ROCKING TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI DISMENOREA

Menstruasi merupakan pendarahan yang disebabkan dari luruhnya dinding rahimsebelah dalam. Menstruasi terjadi pada saat ovum tidak dibuahi oleh sperma sehinggakorpus luteum menghentikan dalam memproduksi hormon esterogen dan progesteron.Dalam proses luruhnya endometrium sering terjadinya nyeri, dimanan nyeri ini seringdikenal dengan dismenorea, yakni nyeri pada saat sebelum dan sesudah menstruasi.Nyeri haid (dismenorea) disebabkan dari kontraksi dinding rahim ketika terjadipeningkatan pada hormon prostaglandin yang membantu dalam proses pelepasandinding rahim sehingga menimbulkan nyeri yang sering dirasakan dibagian perutbawah dan nyeri pinggang. Terapi pelvic rocking ini bertujuan untuk mengurangitingkat nyeri dismenore yang sering terjadi pada wanita saat haid. Metode yangdigunakan meliputi sosialisasi, demonstrasi, dan evaluasi. Remaja Desa Leuwimalangtelah memahami bagaimana cara melakukan pelvic rocking. Remaja DesaLeuwimalang juga telah mempraktikkan teknik pelvic rocking secara mandiri untukmengatasi nyeri yang mereka rasakan ketika haid.Kata Kunci : Pelvic Rocking, Nyeri, Dismenor

Modulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling and its therapeutic potential: pharmacological characterisation of PDE inhibitors

The alteration of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels plays important regulatory roles in both physiological and pathological conditions, such as cancer. As the most aggressive form of brain tumour, glioblastoma is currently incurable due to limited treatment modalities. Low level of intracellular cAMP levels has been reported to be a feature of brain tumours. Thus, it is hypothesised that increasing cAMP concentrations by targeting regulatory proteins involved in the cAMP signalling pathways may offer advantages in preventing or treating glioblastoma. The overarching goal of this study, therefore, is to determine the dynamic effects of cAMP modulation on glioblastoma cell proliferation. The efficacies of compounds targeting various proteins involved in cAMP pathways were first investigated. The mechanisms explored were elevation of cAMP level through phosphodiesterases (PDEs) inhibition, adenylyl cyclase (AC) activation, as well as modulation via β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) and G proteins. A series of compounds were evaluated applying various assaying techniques and pharmacological tools using cAMP accumulation assays, cell proliferation, caspase-3/7 activation, and flow cytometry to determine cell cycle. It was demonstrated that increasing cAMP levels by multiple PDE inhibition or AC stimulation resulted in cell growth suppression on both rat and human glioblastoma models. The study was also extended to identify the role of possible crosstalk between calcium through SOCE (store-operated calcium entry) and cAMP pathways, which both were found to contribute to cell growth modulation. The effect of the elevation of intracellular cAMP on cell proliferation was further explored through the direct activation of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and inhibition of cAMP degradation via PDE10A. Previous computational studies revealed that the triazoloquinazoline-based compounds (compound 1-6), initially known as PDE10A inhibitors, are bound at the orthosteric site of A2AR. To validate the computational results, these compounds were characterised using NanoBRET-based ligand binding studies with HEK293T expressing Nluc-A2AR and functional assays in lung cancer cell lines and glioma/glioblastoma cell models, which both cell models expressed endogenous levels of PDE10A and A2AR. The study highlighted that compounds 1 and 5 were dual-target ligands to A2AR and PDE10A, whereas compound 3 appeared to be a pan-agonist of adenosine receptors (ARs), and compound 4 was more potent when A2BR was expressed. Compound 2 seems to possess toxic effects that may be independent of action to A2AR or PDE10A. Lastly, preliminary studies were conducted to investigate the possibility of biased signalling by RAMPs on protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) and calcitonin-like receptor (CLR). Using PAR4 transiently transfected HEK293T cells, both cognate ligand and agonist peptide were used to profile PAR4 signalling including RAMPs-trafficking to the plasma membrane, promoting intracellular calcium release and recruiting β-arrestins. The effects of RAMPs were also investigated in HUVECs and cardiomyocytes focusing on the effect of endogenous ligands on cell growth. Whilst RAMPs altered PAR4 initial signalling events in promoting β-arrestin recruitment, the study on heterodimer complex of RAMPs and CLR on cell growth further corroborated that signalling bias can be translated into physiological responses in HUVECs and cardiomyocytes. To conclude, these studies provided evidence on how the alterations of intracellular cAMP levels affected cell proliferation in numerous cancer models, and that the cAMPmediated anti-proliferative effect was cell-line dependent. Targeting multiple PDEs suppressed cell growth in cancer-derived cells, therefore providing a viable target to reduce tumour progression. Given the critical role of PAR4 in platelet aggregation and pro-proliferative of calcitonin peptide family, this research may have important implications for the role of RAMPs in cardiovascular pathologies.Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP), Indonesi

Pemanfaatan Susu Kambing (Capra aegagrus) Dan Susu Kedelai (Glycine max) Pada Keju Tradisional Khas Indonesia Berkadar Protein Tinggi

Dadih adalah keju tradisional khas Indonesia, salah satu makanan khas Sumatera Barat, terbuat dari susu kerbau dan difermentasi dalam tabung bambu selama 2 hari. Kelangkaan susu kerbau dapat diganti dengan susu kambing dan susu kedelai, karena komposisi susu kambing dan susu kedelai lebih baik daripada susu sapi dan tidak menyebabkan lactose intolerance. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh macam bahan dasar dari campuran susu kambing dan susu kedelai pada dadih terhadap kadar protein, lemak, asam total, organoleptik, dan daya terima masyarakat. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan kombinasi 5 perlakuan adalah E0 (susu kambing 100%), K0 (susu kedelai 100%), E8K2 (susu kambing 80% dan susu kedelai 20%), E2K8 (susu kambing 20% dan susu kdelai 80%), dan E5K5 (susu kambing 50% dan susu kedelai 50%). Teknik penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif untuk mengetahui kualitas dadih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa macam bahan dasar berpengaruh terhadap kadar protein, lemak, dan asam total. Kandungan protein dan lemak tertinggi pada perlakuan E8K2 (susu kambing 80% dan susu kedelai 20%) masing-masing sebesar 18,88 g dan 15,78 % sedangkan kadar protein dan lemak terendah yaitu pada perlakuan K0 (susu kedelai 100%) masing-masing sebesar 10,25 g dan 13,36%. Kadar asam total tertinggi pada dadih pada perlakuan E0 (susu kambing 100%) sebesar 6,32 %, kadar asam total terendah pada perlakuan K0 (susu kedelai 100%) yaitu 1,73 %. Sifat organoleptik pada dadih dari semua perlakuan mempunyai rasa asam, beraroma asam dan tidak bau khas kambing atau langu, dan bertekstur lembut dan kenyal. Hasil uji daya terima masyarakat, rata-rata panelis menyukai puding yang terbuat dari susu kambing dan memberikan penilaian netral pada puding yang menggunakan susu kedelai

HUBUNGAN ANTARA POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DAN KONSEP DIRI DENGAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR PADA MAHASISWA KEPENDIDIKAN FAKULTAS EKONOMI ANGKATAN 2016

ABSTRACT Ratna Dewi Safitri, 8105133169. The Correlation of Parenting, Self Concept and Self Directed Learning at Educational Student Faculty Of Economics 2016. Scripts, Jakarta: Education of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Jakarta State University, 2017. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between Parenting and Self Concept with Self-Directed Learning to Educational Students Faculty of Economics 2016 in State University of Jakarta. This research was conducted for 5 months starting from March 2017 until July 2017. This research use survey method with quantitative approach, population in this research is educational student of Faculty of Economics 2016, with population of student of Economics Education and Commerce Education 2016 amounted 311 people. The research sampling technique used random sample proportional with the number of samples counted 167 people. Technique of collecting data using questionnaire technique. Data analysis techniques using IBM SPSS Statistic 21 program started by looking for test requirements analysis that is technical normality test by using Komolgrov Smirnov Z method and in can X1 of 0.151, X2 of 0.178, and Y of 0.149 are all greater than significant 0.05 then Data is normally distributed. Possible searches for classical assumption assays include multicolinearity tests, and heteroscedasticity tests. From the multicolinearity test result of tolarance value of 0,506 which is bigger than 0,01 and VIF less than 10 that is 1,977, it can be concluded that there is no multicollinearity problem. Looking for heteroscedasticity test that yields significant value X1 0,720 and X2 0,699, because significant value more than 0,05 hence there is no problem of heteroscedasticity. The regression equation in can is Y = 4,573 + 0.543 X1 + 0.633 X2. Hypothesis test consist of partial correlation coefficient test of Y and X1 when X2 constant give 0,965 value, partial correlation coefficient test Y and X2 if X1 constant give 0,972. multiple test results X1, X1 with Y yields a value of 0.943. Test F in ANOVA table is known Fcount 16.024> Ftable 3.05. Test t produces tcount 7,149 from parenting> t table 1,654 and t count 20,332 from self concept> t table 1,654. Determination coefficient test obtained results of 89%, the rest of 11% influenced by other factors not examined. The conclusion of this study is there is a significant relationship between parenting and self-concept of learning independence in the students of the Faculty of Economics class of 2016 at the State University of Jakarta. Suggestion students are given guidance and training (tasks) to improve learning independence in lectures. Keywords: Parenting Patterns, Self Concept, Self-Directed Learnin

EKSPERIMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) DAN MAKE A MATCH (MM) DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK PADA MATERI HIMPUNAN DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI DI KABUPATEN SRAGEN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2014/2015

The objectives of study were to find out: (1) which one provides better mathematic learning achievement, TGT-PS, MM-PS, or K-PS. (2) which one has better mathematic learning achievement, student at high reasoning ability, student at medium reasoning ability, or student at low reasoning ability. (3) in each learning model (TGT-PS, MM-PS, K-PS), which one provides better mathematic learning achievement in the students, student at high reasoning ability, student at medium reasoning ability, or student at low reasoning ability. (4) in each reasoning ability, which one has better mathematic learning achievement in TGT-PS, MM-PS, or K-PS model. This study was a quasi-experimental research. The population of research was the seven graders of Public Junior High Schools throughout Sragen Regency in the school year of 2014/2015. The sample of research was the students of SMP N 1 Gemolong, SMP N 1 Masaran, and SMP N 1 Kalijambe, taken with stratified cluster random sampling. The instruments used for collecting the data were mathematic learning achievement test and reasoning ability test. Technique of analyzing data used was hypothesis test using a two-way anova with different cell. The conclusions of the study were as follows. (1) The mathematics learning achievement of students treated with TGT-PS learning model was better than that of those treated with MM-PS learning model and K-PS learning model. the mathematics learning achievement of students treated with learning model was as good as that of those treated with K-PS learning model. (2) The mathematics learning achievement of students with high reasoning ability was better than that of those with medium reasoning ability and low reasoning ability. The mathematics learning achievement of students with medium reasoning ability was better than that of those with low reasoning ability. (3) In TGT-PS learning model, the learning achievement of students with high reasoning ability was as good as that of those with medium reasoning ability, and that of those with high reasoning ability was better than that of those with low reasoning ability, and that of those with medium reasoning ability was as good as that of those with low reasoning ability. In MM-PS and K-PS learning models, the learning achievement of students with high reasoning ability was better than that of those with medium reasoning ability and low reasoning ability. And that of those with medium reasoning ability was as good as that of those with low reasoning ability. (4) In students with high reasoning ability and low reasoning ability, the students treated with TGT-PS model had the same learning achievement to those treated with MM-PS model, the students treated with TGT-PS model had the same learning achievement to those treated with K-PS model, the students treated with MM-PS model had the same learning achievement to those treated with K-PS model. In students with medium reasoning ability, the students treated with TGT-PS model had better learning achievement to those treated with K-PS model. The students treated MM-PS model had the same learning achievement to those treated with K-PS learning model. Keywords: Cooperative Learning, Teams Games Tournament, Make a Match, Classical Learning, Scientific Approach, Reasoning ability

IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN WALIKOTA SAMARINDA NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2010 TENTANG PENETAPAN LINTASAN ANGKUTAN BARANG DI WILAYAH KOTA SAMARINDA TERHADAP PETI KEMAS

ABSTRACT        The container transportation sector seems to have a tight level of competition, given the large number of private freight companies and there are not many obstacles to entering this sector and there are many service providers.        Transportation in people's lives is a very important role, because by transporting almost all economic activities and community activities, it can generally run smoothly. The role of transportation in the economic sector as from the economic activities themselves.         One form of implementation of the Samarinda Mayor Regulation Number 23 of 2010 concerning the Determination of Goods Transport Trajectories in the City of Samarinda Area is a Prohibition against every driver of freight transporting between 06:00 to 18:00 in the City of Samarinda enclosed in PERWALI Samarinda No. 23 of 2010.         The rules for limiting the trajectory of freight vehicles which are grouped with the class of road and the heaviest axle load (MST) must be obeyed by service users and drivers of vehicles because the roads in the area of Samarinda City are not intended for freight vehicles, especially the type of container trucks that are overloaded . Keywords: PERWALI Samarinda No. 23 of 2010, Containe

OPTIMALISASI KEBIJAKAN SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA SECARA ELEKTRONIK DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Dampak pandemi Covid-19 saat ini telah berimbas pada hampir semua aspek kehidupan termasuk pada Dunia Peradilan. Praktek persidangan konvensional harus beralih kepada Persidangan online (E-Litigasi). Penulis memandang perlu untuk diadakannya kajian mengenai perkembangan regulasi serta optimalisasi Pemberlakuan Peradilan Pidana Secara Elektronik Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dikeluarkanya Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 Tentang Administrasi Dan Persidangan Perkara Pidana Di Pengadilan Secara Elektronik  merupakan terobosan sekaligus komitmen oleh para penegak hukum dalam mewujudkan reformasi di dunia peradilan Indonesia yang mensinergikan peran teknologi informasi dengan hukum acara di masa pandemi seperti sekarang ini, dalam rangka optimalisasi kebijakan sistem peradilan pidana secara elektronik perlu diadakannya pembaharuan hukum melalui revisi kitab undang-undang hukum acara pidana (KUHAP) menjadi suatu norma baru bersifat permanen bagi lembaga peradilan dalam mewujudkan peradilan yang agung dan  Modern berbasis teknologi

PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF MATERI “WATASHI NO ENPITSU DESU” PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA JEPANG KELAS XII MULTIMEDIA DI SMK NEGERI 1 JOMBANG

AbstrakPenelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan menghasilkan Media Pembelajaran yang layak untukpembelajaran Bahasa Jepang materi Watashi No Enpitsu Desu kelas XII Multimedia di SMKN 1 Jombang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode R&D dan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari uji kelayakan yang diperoleh dari pengisian angket oleh ahli materi yaitu guru Bahasa Jepang kelas XII Multimedia di SMKN 1 Jombang, ahli desan pembelajaran dan ahli media yaitu dosen dari jurusan S1 Kurikulum dan Teknologi Pendidikan, serta Uji coba pengguna oleh peserta didik kelas XII Multimedia 3 di SMKN 1 Jombang. Hasil analisis dari validasi yang telah dilakukan oleh ahli desain pembelajaran mendapat presentase 86,67%, dari ahli materi mendapat presentase sebesar 100% Ahli media dalam memvalidasi media mendapat presentase 92,94%, validasi bahan penyerta oleh ahli media mendapat presentase 88,33%, serta uji coba yang dilakukan mendapat presentase sebesar 84,38%. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan multimedia interaktif yang dikembangkan dinyatakan layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.Kata Kunci: Pengembangan, Multimedia Interaktif, Bahasa JepangAbstractThis development research aims to produce appropriate learning media for learning Japanese material for Watashi No Enpitsu Desu class XII Multimedia at SMKN 1 Jombang. This research uses the R&D method and uses the ADDIE development model. The data used in this study came from a feasibility test obtained from filling in a questionnaire by material experts, namely the Japanese class XII Multimedia teacher at SMKN 1 Jombang, learning design experts and media experts, namely lecturers from the S1 Department of Education Curriculum and Technology, as well as user trials. by students of class XII Multimedia 3 at SMKN 1 Jombang. The results of the analysis from the validation that has been done by learning design experts got a percentage of 86.67%, from material experts got a percentage of 100% Media experts in validating media got a percentage of 92.94%, validation of accompanying materials by media experts got a percentage of 88.33% , as well as the trials carried out got a percentage of 84.38%. The distribution of this learning media uses a flash disk equipped with accompanying books, so that it can make it easier for students to use interactive multimedia. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the developed interactive multimedia is declared suitable for use in the learning process.Keywords: Development, Interactive Multimedia, Japanes