Evaluation of a parenting training program, "limits", in a juvenile justice service : Results and challenges

This study was supported by a grant from CEJFE and Àrea de Medi Obert i de la Unitat de Programes d'Innovació de la Direcció General d'Execusió Penal a la Comunitat i de Justícia Juvenil, Department of Justice, Autonomous Government of Catalonia.The aim of the study is to evaluate the results of "Limits", a parenting training program which was implemented in a juvenile justice service by professionals from the Department of Justice. A controlled before and after design was undertaken to measure the effects of the program on the use of parental practices and parents' perception of self-efficacy. Fifty-nine families with adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system participated either in an intervention group (n = 42 families) or in a waiting list group (n = 17 families). In order to triangulate the information, professionals and the target adolescents were also asked about the improvement of the parents in their parenting practices. A generalized linear model was used to compare the intervention and comparison groups. The findings demonstrate that the program had a positive impact on the intervention group with regards to the transfer of practices to their real life, especially those related to communication and family relationships. However, no significant changes were observed in parents' perception of self-efficacy. The results are geared towards the improvement of future research evaluations using longitudinal designs

Els CREI de Catalunya. Intervenció, perfil i evolució dels joves atesos

Aquest projecte és fruit d'un conveni de colaboració del grup de recerca IARS amb la DGAIA. El projecte pretén analitzar quina incidencia té la intervenció que es realitza als Centres Residencials d'Educació Intensiva de Catalunya (CREI) en l'evolució que els joves fan durant la seva estada en aquests centre

Factores que influyen en la configuración del perfil de conductor de riesgo en la población de jóvenes estudiantes universitarios: evidencias para el diseño de intervenciones preventivas

The aim of this research is to identify and analyse factors that have an influence on the creation of a high risk profile in young drivers, in order to create road safety educational initiatives designed to minimise the risk of suffering a traffic accident, and aimed at preventing young people from developing a high risk profile. With the purpose of identifying what may have been the strongest influences in establishing the risk profile, the factors of family, peers and partner, reactions to stressful situations, videogames and accident experiences were considered among a cohort of university students. The results show that family and peers seem to be the most influential factors, whereas driving schools seems to be the strongest protective factor in preventing the appearance of risky driving profiles. Educational programmes highlighting the modelling role of those who teach young people how to drive need to be developed.El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar y analizar los factores que influyen en la creación de un perfil de conductor de alto riesgo entre los jóvenes conductores. La finalidad de ello es tener evidencias científicas que permitan diseñar iniciativas de intervención educativa para minimizar el riesgo de sufrir accidentes de tráfico y prevenir el desarrollo de perfiles de alto riesgo en jóvenes conductores. Con el propósito de identificar las influencias que podíantener más peso en la creación del perfil de riesgo se analizaron los factores familia, grupo de iguales y pareja, reacción a situaciones estresantes, videojuegos, e involucración en accidentes de tráfico en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados indican que la mayor influencia sería ejercida por la familia y el grupo de iguales, mientras que por otro lado, las autoescuelas se posicionarían como el mayor factor protector en la prevención de la aparición del perfil de conductor de riesgo. A partir de estos hallazgos se recomienda el desarrollo de programas que permitan reforzar el rol modelador de aquellos que enseñan a los jóvenes a conducir

Marges i biodiversitat a Vandellòs i l'Hospitalet de l'Infant

Els marges de pedra seca són un dels ambients socioecològics més singulars del país i, al mateix temps, un dels hàbitats menys estudiats. La nostra recerca ha analitzat la biodiversitat de les margenades de Vandellòs i l'Hospitalet de l'Infant; mitjançant mostrejos de flora i de la fauna hem constatat l'elevada complexitat de la xarxa tròfica que s'estableix en aquest nínxol ecològic. En la vessant socioambiental, hem realitzat entrevistes a diferents entesos en la cultura de la pedra seca, les quals han permès determinar la importància dels marges per entendre una part de la història ambiental del país. Amb la recerca s'ha observat un clar retrocés del patrimoni de pedra seca a causa de la recessió del sector agrícola. L'aprofitament turístic de la cultura de la pedra seca i la implicació de les Administracions Públiques en la difusió d'aquest patrimoni, són claus per garantir-ne la pervivència en el futur.Las paredes de piedra seca son uno de los ambientes socioecológicos más singulares del país y, a la vez, uno de los hábitats menos estudiados. Nuestra investigación ha analizado la biodiversidad de las estructuras de piedra seca de Vandellòs i l'Hospitalet de l'Infant; con muestreos de flora y fauna hemos constatado la elevada complejidad de la red trófica que encontramos en este nicho ecológico. En la temática socioambiental, hemos realizado entrevistas a distintos conocedores de la cultura de la piedra seca, que nos han permitido determinar la importancia de las paredes de piedra seca para comprender una parte de la historia ambiental del país. Con la investigación hemos constatado un claro retroceso del patrimonio de piedra seca como consecuencia de la recesión del sector agrícola. El aprovechamiento turístico de la cultura de la piedra seca y la implicación de las administraciones públicas en la difusión de este patrimonio, serán fundamentales para asegurar su pervivencia en el futuro.The dry wall margins are one of the most important ecological environments of that country and, at the same time, one of the least studied. Our research has analyzed the biodiversity of the margins of Vandellòs and l'Hospitalet de l'Infant; by means of samples of flora and fauna we found the high complexity of the trophic network that set out in this ecological niche. On the one hand, we interviewed different people who know about that culture to understand a part of the environmental history of the country. Because of this research we found a big backward step of the dry wall margins wealth due to the recession of the agriculture. The good use of tourism to announce the culture of the "drystone" and the involvement of Public Administrations to spread this wealth, are very important to guarantee the preservation on the future

Anàlisi de l’operativa de càrrega i descàrrega de vaixells petroquímics al port de Barcelona

El present treball final de carrera consisteix en reportar a grans trets les normes i procediments de seguretat i prevenció de la contaminació que comporten el transport marítim dels denominats carregaments petroquímics, centrants en l’operativa de càrrega o descàrrega en el port de Barcelona, mostrant conceptes bàsics de l'operació d'un vaixell tanc en la seva interacció en les instal·lacions portuàries. També s’inclou un estudi complet de les inspeccions de carregament que es duen a terme per garantir el correcte desenvolupament quantitatiu i qualitatiu del procés d’intercanvi de mercaderies. La necessitat d’una figura intermèdia entre el productor i el consumidor, que sent independent i imparcial, vetlla pels interessos de tots dos, donant fe que allò que es compra és el mateix que es subministra, tant en qualitat com en quantitat, garantint d'aquesta manera la seguretat del comerç. Així van néixer les empreses d’inspecció de mercaderies independents, les quals controlen la mercaderia durant tot el procés de càrrega o descarrega, per tal de certificar que es tracta del carregament acordat, en termes de quantitat i qualitat. Les operacions portuàries d'un vaixell tanc són diferents a les de qualsevol altre vaixell mercant. No es tracta de només operar el més ràpid i segur possible, sinó que a més s'han de prendre una sèrie de precaucions, referents a la naturalesa de la càrrega que es transporta, de naturalesa inflamable i en alguns casos posseeix components tòxics que poden afectar la salut de les persones que hi entren en contacte i al medi ambient marí

La qualitat de l'orientació educativa dels joves de 12 a 16 anys a Catalunya : situació actual i desafiaments

Quina és la situació de l'orientació acadèmica i professional que es fa a l'ESO a Catalunya? Quins són els principals desafiaments? Per respondre a aquestes dues preguntes es va conduir una recerca a través d'una enquesta a més de 100 centres de secundària de Catalunya, públics i concertats. A partir de la situació actual de l'orientació es delimiten cinc punts forts, cinc dificultats i cinc desafiaments per construir un model d'orientació per a l'ESO a Catalunya.¿Cuál es la situación de la orientación académica y profesional que se lleva a cabo en la ESO en Cataluña? ¿Cuáles son los principales desafíos? Para responder a estas dos preguntas se realizó una investigación mediante una encuesta a más de 100 centros de secundaria de Cataluña, públicos y concertados. A partir de la situación actual de la orientación se delimitan cinco puntos fuertes, cinco dificultades y cinco desafíos con la intención de construir un modelo de orientación en la ESO en Cataluña.Which is the situation of academic and vocational guidance in secondary schools in Catalonia? Which are the main challenges? To answer these questions a research was conducted through a survey to more than 100 secondary schools. Starting from the current situation, five strengths, five weaknesses and five challenges are underlined as the basis to build a guidance model for secondary schools in Catalonia

Impact of the 2018 revised Pregnancy Prevention Programme by the European Medicines Agency on the use of oral retinoids in females of childbearing age in Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, and Spain: an interrupted time series analysis

Acne; Oral retinoids; Pregnancy preventionAcné; Retinoides orales; Prevención del embarazoAcné; Retinoides orals; Prevenció de l'embaràsBackground: In March 2018, the European pregnancy prevention programme for oral retinoids was updated as part of risk minimisation measures (RMM), emphasising their contraindication in pregnant women. Objective: To measure the impact of the 2018 revision of the RMMs in Europe by assessing the utilisation patterns of isotretinoin, alitretinoin and acitretin, contraceptive measures, pregnancy testing, discontinuation, and pregnancy occurrence concomitantly with a retinoid prescription. Methods: An interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to compare level and trend changes after the risk minimisation measures implementation was conducted on a cohort of females of childbearing age (12–55 years of age) from January 2010 to December 2020, derived from six electronic health data sources in four countries: Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, and Italy. Monthly utilisation figures (incidence rates [IR], prevalence rates [PR] and proportions) of oral retinoids were calculated, as well as discontinuation rates, contraception coverage, pregnancy testing, and rates of exposed pregnancies to oral retinoids, before and after the 2018 RMMs. Results: From 10,714,182 females of child-bearing age, 88,992 used an oral retinoid at any point during the study period (mean age 18.9–22.2 years old). We found non-significant level and trend changes in incidence or prevalence of retinoid use in females of child-bearing age after the 2018 RMMs. The reason of discontinuation was unknown in >95% of cases. Contraception use showed a significant increase trend in Spain; for other databases this information was limited. Pregnancy testing was hardly recorded thus was not possible to model ITS analyses. After the 2018 RMM, rates of pregnancy occurrence during retinoid use, and start of a retinoid during a pregnancy varied from 0.0 to 0.4, and from 0.2 to 0.8, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows a limited impact of the 2018 RMMs on oral retinoids utilisation patterns among females of child-bearing age in four European countries. Pregnancies still occur during retinoid use, and oral retinoids are still prescribed to pregnant women. Contraception and pregnancy testing information was limited in most databases. Regulators, policymakers, prescribers, and researchers must rethink implementation strategies to avoid any pregnancy becoming temporarily related to retinoid use.The research leading to these results was conducted as part of the activities of the EU PE&PV (Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance) Research Network which is a public academic partnership coordinated by the Utrecht University, Netherlands. The project has received support from the European Medicines Agency under the Framework service contract nr EMA/2017/09/PE (Lot 4). The content of this manuscript expresses the opinion of the authors and may not be understood or quoted as being made on behalf of or reflecting the position of the European Medicines Agency or one of its committees or working parties

Evaluation of the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors, endoscopic lesions of the renal papilla and the type of renal lithiasis

Introducción y objetivos: Estudiar la relación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuentes con el tipo de lesión endoscópica de la papila renal y el tipo de litiasis renal. Material y métodos: Evaluamos prospectivamente 38 pacientes sometidos a cirugía intrarrenal retrograda (RIRS) analizando y clasificando el tipo de lesión observada en la papila renal (placa de Randall, Calcificación intratubular y hendidura papilar). Posteriormente, se analiza el tipo de litiasis presente (oxalato cálcico monohidrato, ácido úrico y litiasis de oxalato cálcico dihidrato con o sin hidroxiapatita) y se recogen los factores de riesgo cardiovascular presentes (HTA, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesidad, Antecedentes de enfermedad cardiaca previa). Se realiza una comparación de proporciones mediante el test de x2 con valor de significación p<0.05 para cada grupo. Resultados: No se hallaron relaciones entre el tipo de factor de riesgo cardiovascular con el tipo de calcificación papilar endoscópica. Se observó una tendencia a la presencia de calcificación intratubular en pacientes obesos. La HTA y la Diabetes Mellitus se relacionaron con las litiasis de ácido úrico (p=0,025 y 0,005, respectivamente). La obesidad se relacionó con las litiasis de oxalato cálcico dihidrato (p=0,023). Conclusiones: No parece existir una relación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y el tipo de calcificación de la papila renal. A pesar de ello, se observa la tendencia de que pacientes con obesidad presentan una elevada frecuencia de calcificación intratubular. Parece que existe una relación entre las litiasis de ácido úrico en pacientes que padecen diabetes y/o HTA y entre las litiasis de oxalato cálcico dihidrato con o sin hidroxiapatita en pacientes con obesidad.Introduction and objetives: Study the relationship between the most frequent cardiovascular risk factors with the type of endoscopic injury of the renal papilla and the kind of renal lithiasis. Material and methods: We prospectively evaluated 38 patients undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) by analyzing and classifying the type of injury observed in the renal papilla (Randall’s plaque, intratubular calcification and papillary cleft). Later, we analyzed the type of lithiasis present (calcium oxalate monohydrate, uric acid and calcium oxalate dihydrate lithiasis with or without hydroxyapatite) and the cardiovascular risk factors present (HTA, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Historiy of previous heart disease). A proportional comparison was performed using the x2 test with significance value p <0.05 for each group. Results: No relationship was found between the type of cardiovascular risk factor and the type of endoscopic papillary injury. Although, we find a tendency between the patients with obesity and the intratubular calcification. HTA and Diabetes Mellitus were related with uric acid stones (p = 0.025 and 0.005, respectively). Obesity was related with calcium oxalate dihydrate lithiasis (p = 0.023). Conclusions: There not seem to be a relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and the kind of renal papilla injury. In spite of , there is a tendency observed that correlated the patients with obesity with a high frequency of intratubular calcification. There seems to be a relationship between uric acid lithiasis in patients with diabetes or hypertension and another relationship between the calcium oxalate dihydrate lithiasis with or without hydroxyapatite and the patients with obesity

Detection of Norovirus in saliva samples from acute gastroenteritis cases and asymptomatic subjects: association with age and higher shedding in stool

Norovirus infections are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide and across all age groups, with two main genogroups (GI and GII) infecting humans. The aim of our study was to investigate the occurrence of norovirus in saliva samples from individuals involved in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in closed and semiclosed institutions, and its relationship with the virus strain, virus shedding in stool, the occurrence of symptoms, age, and the secretor status of the individual. Epidemiological and clinical information was gathered from norovirus outbreaks occurring in Catalonia, Spain during 2017-2018, and stool and saliva samples were collected from affected and exposed resident individuals and workers. A total of 347 saliva specimens from 25 outbreaks were analyzed. Further, 84% of individuals also provided a paired stool sample. For GII infections, norovirus was detected in 17.9% of saliva samples from symptomatic cases and 5.2% of asymptomatic individuals. Positivity in saliva occurred in both secretors and nonsecretors. None of the individuals infected by norovirus GI was positive for the virus in saliva. Saliva positivity did not correlate with any of the studied symptoms but did correlate with age 65 years old. Individuals who were positive in saliva showed higher levels of virus shedding in stool. Mean viral load in positive saliva was 3.16 1.08 log10 genome copies/mL, and the predominance of encapsidated genomes was confirmed by propidium monoazide (PMA)xx-viability RTqPCR assay. The detection of norovirus in saliva raises the possibility of oral-to-oral norovirus transmission during the symptomatic phase and, although to a lesser extent, even in cases of asymptomatic infections