The Effect of Parents of The Parents on The Cooperative Level of Children Age 3-5 Years of Care Dental and Mouth in Blang Karieng Village District Nisam

The problem of management of child behavior is a major problem in the practice of pediatric dentistry. One of the factors that influence the child's response to dental and oral care is parenting. In general, parenting is divided into three main categories, namely authoritarian parenting, permissive and democratic. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of parenting on the cooperative level of children aged 3-5 years in dental and oral care. This study was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional research design. Population is the total number of subjects studied. The population in this study were all children aged 3-5 years in Blang Karieng Village, which numbered 36 children. Sampling was carried out using total sampling techniques totaling 35. This study was from April 2018, using a questionnaire as a research instrument. The results showed that simultaneously there was a significant effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable with a value of sig <α (0.05). While partially the most influential variables on child cooperatives are authoritarian and permissible variables with a p-value of 0.085. The conclusion of this study, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of parenting on the cooperative level of children aged 3-5 years in dental and oral care

Knowledge, attitude and practices on secondhand smoking among women who are exposed to secondhand smoking at home and at workplace

Introduction: Second-hand smoking (SHS) is involuntary smoking of exhaled smoke from smokers. SHS is dangerous to health as there is no safe level of exposure. Knowledge, attitude and practice towards SHS are important prevention measures especially among working women whose husbands are smokers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among staff members of a public university. Respondents were the wives of smokers and recruited using simple random sampling. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to determine the associations between variables. Results: Majority (66.2%) of the respondents have appropriate practices towards SHS and there was no significant differences within the socio-demographic characteristics. Correspondingly, 53.7% have good knowledge but only 46.3% have good attitude towards SHS and 74.6% showed lack of confidence in reprimanding smokers in no-smoking zone. Conclusion: The appropriate practices towards SHS among the wives of smokers in this study was good. However the self-efficacy to avoid SHS could be improved

Knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination practice among Yemeni female school teachers in Malaysia

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer and the second cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide, including Yemeni women. The purpose of this study is to determine knowledge on breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) practice among Yemeni female school teachers in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 163 Yemeni female schoolteachers in Malaysia between April 2017- May 2017. The inclusion criteria for this study are teachers who were teaching at the selected primary and secondary Arabic schools, aged 20 years old age and above, and teachers who signed consent form to participate in the study. Teachers who had a previous history of breast cancer or who were pregnant or lactating were excluded from the study. A simple random sampling method was utilized and data were collected via self-administered questionnaire by using a validated questionnaire, which was developed for this study. The questionnaire consisted of four sections, background information of respondents, knowledge on breast cancer, health belief model, practices related to breast cancer screening. Result: The response rate derived in this study was100 %. The mean age of respondents was 32.8 ±7.23 years, 128(78%) of them were married, 26 (15.9%) had family history of breast cancer and 34 (20.9%) of them previously participated in breast cancer education program. The majority of respondents 131(79.9%) had heard/read about breast cancer screening, but only 43(26.2%) practiced breast self-examination and 136(82.9%) had intention to practice BSE in the future. This study showed majority of respondents 121(74.2%) and 104(63.8%) had low level of knowledge on breast cancer and BSE practice, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that hear/read about breast cancer screening, participated in breast cancer education programs, were statistically associated with knowledge of breast cancer (p=0.001) (p=0.005) respectively, Also, hear/read about breast cancer screening (p=0.01), participated in breast cancer education program (p=0.003), and education level (p=0.01), were statistically associated with BSE practice. Conclusions: The findings showed that knowledge of Yemeni female school teachers towards breast cancer and rate of BSE practice are low. Targeted education should be implemented to improve knowledge of breast cancer and BSE practice to improve breast cancer prevention among this group

Coupling heterostructure of thickness-controlled nickel oxidenanosheets layer and titanium dioxide nanorod arrays via immersionroute for self-powered solid-state ultraviolet photosensor applications

A coupling heterostructure consisting of nickel oxide nanosheets (NNS) and titanium dioxide nanorod arrays (TNAs) was fabricated for self-powered solid-state ultraviolet (UV) photosensor applications. By controlling the thickness of the NNS layer by via varying the growth time from 1 to 5 h at a deposition temperature of 90 °C, the coupling NNS/TNAs heterojunction films were formed and their structural, optical, electrical and UV photoresponse properties were investigated. The photocurrent measured from the fabricated self-powered UV photosensor was improved by increasing the thickness of NNS from 140 to 170 nm under UV irradiation (365 nm, 750 µWcm−2) at 0 V bias. A maximum photocurrent density of 0.510 µA∙cm−2 was achieved for a sample with a NNS thickness of 170 nm and prepared with a 3 h NNS growth time. Our results showed that the fabricated NNS/TNAs heterojunction has potential applications for self-powered UV photosensors

DNA Barcoding for Community Ecology - How to Tackle a Hyperdiverse, Mostly Undescribed Melanesian Fauna

Trigonopterus weevils are widely distributed throughout Melanesia and hyperdiverse in New Guinea. They are a dominant feature in natural forests, with narrow altitudinal zonation. Their use in community ecology has been precluded by the "taxonomic impediment". We sampled >6,500 specimens from seven areas across New Guinea; 1,002 specimens assigned to 270 morphospecies were DNA sequenced. Objective clustering of a refined dataset (excluding nine cryptic species) at 3% threshold revealed 324 genetic clusters (DNA group count relative to number of morphospecies = 20.0% overestimation of species diversity, or 120.0% agreement) and 85.6% taxonomic accuracy (the proportion of DNA groups that "perfectly" agree with morphology-based species hypotheses). Agreement and accuracy were best at an 8% threshold. GMYC analysis revealed 328 entities (21.5% overestimation) with 227 perfect GMYC entities (84.1% taxonomic accuracy). Both methods outperform the parataxonomist (19% underestimation; 31.6% taxonomic accuracy). The number of species found in more than one sampling area was highest in the Eastern Highlands and Huon (Sørensen similarity index 0.07, 4 shared species); ⅓ of all areas had no species overlap. Success rates of DNA barcoding methods were lowest when species showed a pronounced geographical structure. In general, Trigonopterus show high α and β-diversity across New Guinea. DNA barcoding is an excellent tool for biodiversity surveys but success rates might drop when closer localities are included. Hyperdiverse Trigonopterus are a useful taxon for evaluating forest remnants in Melanesia, allowing finer-grained analyses than would be possible with vertebrate taxa commonly used to date. Our protocol should help establish other groups of hyperdiverse fauna as target taxa for community ecology. Sequencing delivers objective data on taxa of incredible diversity but mostly without a solid taxonomic foundation and should help pave the road for the eventual formal naming of new species

Hydrogen and Carbon Nanotubes from Pyrolysis-Catalysis of Waste Plastics: A Review

More than 27 million tonnes of waste plastics are generated in Europe each year representing a considerable potential resource. There has been extensive research into the production of liquid fuels and aromatic chemicals from pyrolysis-catalysis of waste plastics. However, there is less work on the production of hydrogen from waste plastics via pyrolysis coupled with catalytic steam reforming. In this paper, the different reactor designs used for hydrogen production from waste plastics are considered and the influence of different catalysts and process parameters on the yield of hydrogen from different types of waste plastics are reviewed. Waste plastics have also been investigated as a source of hydrocarbons for the generation of carbon nanotubes via the chemical vapour deposition route. The influences on the yield and quality of carbon nanotubes derived from waste plastics are reviewed in relation to the reactor designs used for production, catalyst type used for carbon nanotube growth and the influence of operational parameters