Evaluation of Urban Polder Drainage System performance in Jakarta. Case Study Kelapa gading Area

Kelapa Gading area is located in the plains of North Jakarta about 6 km from the coastline of Jakarta Bay. Kelapa Gading area covers 1288 ha it consists of three large compartments and next to that the Kodamar Unit separated system from Kelapa Gading excess water of the area is discharged to Sunter river and Pertukangan River. The area is regularly flooded, especially during the wet season. Kelapa Gading area is in particular facing flood problem since Jakarta __ the capital city of Indonesia __ became the primary growth machine of the nation. Among others, this has resulted in suburbanization in Jakarta’s neighbouring regions. Land subsidence, which occurs due to huge groundwater extraction, and climate change are also contributing to flooding problem due to hydrologic changes that alter the magnitude and frequency of peak flows and sea level rise. Four main objectives are the basis for this research. First is describing the existing urban drainage and flood protection systems in Kelapa Gading area and other satellite cities (JABODETABEK). Second is analysing the possible impacts of land subsidence and sea level rise on inundated area. Next are some measures that would have to be taken into consideration in order to reduce the flooded area and provide adequate urban drainage and flood protection especially when the impacts of land subsidence and sea level rise are taken into account. The structural measures were studied by considering hydrologic and hydraulic conditions and by carrying out hydrodynamic modelling (DUFLOW) as tools for decision support which may evaluate options in developing urban drainage and flood protection scenarios for Kelapa Gading area based on a design rainfall with a chance of occurrence of 4% per year or the return period of 25 years. Scenarios on the improvement of the macro urban drainage system and the selected river basin were developed as follows: Scenario 1. The existing urban drainage was considered as one system with the sedimentation in the urban canal system. This represents the existing condition and has been used as the basic case; Scenario 2. Similar with the first scenario 1 but the designed urban canal profiles are used; Scenario 3. Each compartment is considered as a single polder; Scenario 4. To analyse the effect of land subsidence and sea level rise. In this case 1.25 m of land subsidence and 0.15 m of sea level rise will be considered for the 25 years time interval; The results indicate that due to lower topographic conditions in adjacent area caused by land subsidence and sea level rise, a combine system consisting of gravity drainage and pumping are primed to meet the future conditions of drainage system and flood protection in the future in Kelapa Gading area. Therefore an urban polder with its properties is proposed to be constructed

On-line digital computer control of the NERVA nuclear rocket engine

The problem of on-line digital computer control of the NERVA nuclear rocket engine is considered. Proposed is a method of State Dependent State Variable Feedback (SDSVF) as a practical approach to the control of NERVA and other complex nonlinear and/or time-varying systems. The difficulties inherent in other design methods are avoided by defining the optimal closed loop system in terms of a desired transfer function, rather than a performance index to maximize or minimize

Atmospheric cloud physics laboratory project study

Engineering studies were performed for the Zero-G Cloud Physics Experiment liquid cooling and air pressure control systems. A total of four concepts for the liquid cooling system was evaluated, two of which were found to closely approach the systems requirements. Thermal insulation requirements, system hardware, and control sensor locations were established. The reservoir sizes and initial temperatures were defined as well as system power requirements. In the study of the pressure control system, fluid analyses by the Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory were performed to determine flow characteristics of various orifice sizes, vacuum pump adequacy, and control systems performance. System parameters predicted in these analyses as a function of time include the following for various orifice sizes: (1) chamber and vacuum pump mass flow rates, (2) the number of valve openings or closures, (3) the maximum cloud chamber pressure deviation from the allowable, and (4) cloud chamber and accumulator pressure

Informações patentárias sobre etanol lignocelulósico.

Sistema de patentes; Documentos de patentes de etanol de lignocelulósico no Espacenet; Documentos de patentes de etanol lignocelulósico na base Derwent

Iodine sorption study on the proposed use of Viton A in a shuttle galley water accumulator

The installation of a Viton A accumulator in the Shuttle galley has been proposed to prevent overpressurization of the hot water supply system. A laboratory study has been conducted to determine if there would be any interaction between the Viton A material and the iodine used to disinfect the water. Coupons of Viton A were exposed for 24 hours to aqueous iodine solutions similar in quality to the Shuttle's potable water. Changes in the iodine residual were monitored to determine the rate of iodine sorption by the coupon. Total organic carbon (TOC) was monitored to determine the rate of desorption of organic materials from the Viton A. The same coupons were then soaked in reagent-grade water for 24 hours, and iodine was monitored to determine the rate of iodine desorption. The coupons were again exposed to iodine solutions for 24 hours and iodine and TOC were monitored. No significant change in the iodine sorption rate was detected between the first and second exposures. A triangle taste test indicated at a 1 percent confidence level that the water exposed to Viton A had a different taste which was less acceptable to the panelists

The design of linear multivariable control systems using modern control theory /with applications to coupled core reactor control/

Linear multivariable control system design using modern control theory, and application to coupled core reactor contro

Design of linear and nonlinear control systems via state variable feedback, with applications in nuclear reactor control

Linear and nonlinear control systems via state variable feedback with applications in nuclear reactor contro

Short-interval amygdala kindling in neonatal rats.

The kindling paradigm provides a powerful tool for studying the generation, propagation and generalization of seizures. Such reproducible quantitative paradigms are a prerequisite for the experimental study of epilepsy in the developing brain. Kindling has been extensively utilized as a model of limbic seizures in the adult rat; amygdala short-interval kindling has been studied in > or = 15-day-old rats. We applied the short-interval kindling method, i.e., stimulation at every 15 min, to 7-12-day-old rats. Stage-5 behavioral seizures were achieved even in 7-day-old rats; however, the progression of behavioral kindling differed somewhat from that of older rats. Correlation of electrographic discharges and behavioral phenomena was inversely related to age. Reliable progressive amygdala discharges were difficult to assess in most < or = 10-day-old rats. Spontaneous seizures occurred relatively frequently in younger age groups. The amygdala short-interval kindling paradigm is reproducibly and reliably applicable to rats during the 2nd postnatal week. The presence of progressive focal to bilateral-generalized seizures suggests a significant functional maturity of the amygdala-limbic circuitry at this age

Disability In Higher Education: Redefining Mainstreaming

This paper addresses key issues in mainstreaming and inclusion for postsecondary students with disabilities and the subtle ways in which students and educators with disabilities can be marginalized. The paper also considers the exclusion of disability in conversations about diversity in higher education

The Effect of 45{\deg} Grain Boundaries and associated Fe particles on Jc and resistivity in Ba(Fe0.9Co0.1)2As2 Thin Films

The anisotropy of the critical current density Jc depends in general on both the properties of the flux lines (such as line tension, coherence length and penetration depth) and the properties of the defects (such as density, shape, orientation etc.). Whereas the Jc anisotropy in microstructurally clean films can be scaled to an effective magnetic field containing the Ginzburg-Landau anisotropy term, it is in general not possible (or only in a limited field range) for samples containing extended defects. Here, the Jc anisotropy of a Co-doped BaFe2As2 sample with 45{\deg} [001] tilt grain boundaries (GBs), i.e. grain boundaries created by 45{\deg} in-plane rotated grains, as well as extended Fe particles is investigated. This microstructure leads to c-axis correlated pinning, both due to the GBs and the Fe particles and manifests in a c-axis peak in the Jc anisotropy at low magnetic fields and a deviation from the anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau scaling at higher fields. Strong pinning at ellipsoidal extended defects, i.e. the Fe particles, is discussed, and the full Jc anisotropy is fitted successfully with the vortex path model. The results are compared to a sample without GBs and Fe particles. 45{\deg} GBs seem to be good pinning centers rather than detrimental to current flow.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, CEC-ICMC 2013 proceeding, accepted for publication in Advances in Cryogenic Engineering (Materials