Pump-and-probe optical transmission phase shift as a quantitative probe of the Bogoliubov dispersion relation in a nonlinear channel waveguide

We theoretically investigate the dispersion relation of small-amplitude optical waves superimposing upon a beam of polarized monochromatic light propagating along a single-mode channel waveguide characterized by an instantaneous and spatially local Kerr nonlinearity. These small luminous fluctuations propagate along the waveguide as Bogoliubov elementary excitations on top of a one-dimensional dilute Bose quantum fluid evolve in time. They consequently display a strongly renormalized dispersion law, of Bogoliubov type. Analytical and numerical results are found in both the absence and the presence of one- and two-photon losses. Silicon and silicon-nitride waveguides are used as examples. We finally propose an experiment to measure this Bogoliubov dispersion relation, based on a stimulated four-wave mixing and interference spectroscopy techniques.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure

Macrophage adaptation leads to parallel evolution of genetically diverseEscherichia colismall-colony variants with increased fitness in vivo and antibiotic collateral sensitivity

Small-colony variants (SCVs) are commonly observed in evolution experiments and clinical isolates, being associated with antibiotic resistance and persistent infections. We recently observed the repeated emergence of Escherichia coli SCVs during adaptation to the interaction with macrophages. To identify the genetic targets underlying the emergence of this clinically relevant morphotype, we performed whole-genome sequencing of independently evolved SCV clones. We uncovered novel mutational targets, not previously associated with SCVs (e.g. cydA, pepP) and observed widespread functional parallelism. All SCV clones had mutations in genes related to the electron-transport chain. As SCVs emerged during adaptation to macrophages, and often show increased antibiotic resistance, we measured SCV fitness inside macrophages and measured their antibiotic resistance profiles. SCVs had a fitness advantage inside macrophages and showed increased aminoglycoside resistance in vitro, but had collateral sensitivity to other antibiotics (e.g. tetracycline). Importantly, we observed similar results in vivo. SCVs had a fitness advantage upon colonization of the mouse gut, which could be tuned by antibiotic treatment: kanamycin (aminoglycoside) increased SCV fitness, but tetracycline strongly reduced it. Our results highlight the power of using experimental evolution as the basis for identifying the causes and consequences of adaptation during host-microbe interactions.European Research Council under the European Community’ Seventh Framework Programme grant:(FP7/2007-2013); German Science Foundation grants: (G-410861, SFB-680); EMMA; InfrafrontierI3

Analysis of Systems with Backlash and Impacts through the Describing Function

This paper analyses the dynamical properties of systems with backlash and impact phenomena based on the describing function method. The dynamics is illustrated using the Nyquist and Bode plots and the results are compared with those of standard models

Macrophage adaptation leads to parallel evolution of genetically diverseEscherichia colismall-colony variants with increased fitness in vivo and antibiotic collateral sensitivity

Small-colony variants (SCVs) are commonly observed in evolution experiments and clinical isolates, being associated with antibiotic resistance and persistent infections. We recently observed the repeated emergence of Escherichia coli SCVs during adaptation to the interaction with macrophages. To identify the genetic targets underlying the emergence of this clinically relevant morphotype, we performed whole-genome sequencing of independently evolved SCV clones. We uncovered novel mutational targets, not previously associated with SCVs (e.g. cydA, pepP) and observed widespread functional parallelism. All SCV clones had mutations in genes related to the electron-transport chain. As SCVs emerged during adaptation to macrophages, and often show increased antibiotic resistance, we measured SCV fitness inside macrophages and measured their antibiotic resistance profiles. SCVs had a fitness advantage inside macrophages and showed increased aminoglycoside resistance in vitro, but had collateral sensitivity to other antibiotics (e.g. tetracycline). Importantly, we observed similar results in vivo. SCVs had a fitness advantage upon colonization of the mouse gut, which could be tuned by antibiotic treatment: kanamycin (aminoglycoside) increased SCV fitness, but tetracycline strongly reduced it. Our results highlight the power of using experimental evolution as the basis for identifying the causes and consequences of adaptation during host-microbe interactions.European Research Council under the European Community’ Seventh Framework Programme grant:(FP7/2007-2013); German Science Foundation grants: (G-410861, SFB-680); EMMA; InfrafrontierI3

Effect of fractional orders in the velocity control of a servo system

AbstractThe application of fractional-order PID controllers is now an active field of research. This article investigates the effect of fractional (derivative and integral) orders upon system’s performance in the velocity control of a servo system. The servo system consists of a digital servomechanism and an open-architecture software environment for real-time control experiments using MATLAB/Simulink tools. Experimental responses are presented and analyzed, showing the effectiveness of fractional controllers. Comparison with classical PID controllers is also investigated

Capacity and Fairness of Distributed Antenna Systems in Multi-Cell Environments with User Scheduling, Power Control and Imperfect CSI

Distributed antenna systems (DASs) have attractedlots of attention as a method to improve the performance of futurewireless networks. Capacity analysis and optimum power allocationfor the physical layer of DASs have been extensively exploredin the literature. However, the study of cross-layer issues, suchas channel-aware scheduling and fairness evaluation, is relativelyscarce. This paper partially fills this gap by addressing the downlinkcapacity and fairness analysis of a DAS assisted by jointuser scheduling and transmit power control. The algorithm isevaluated in a multi-cell environment assuming imperfect channelstate information. The algorithm exploits the spatial diversityprovided by the distributed antennas in order to schedule over thesame frequency band a different user attached to each one of thedistributed nodes. The objective is to optimize the power levelsto control the interference created between the transmissionsof the selected users, thereby multiplexing as many of them aspossible while maximizing capacity. To achieve this goal, a sumratecapacity optimization with respect to the power levels ishere proposed by using a gradient descent iterative technique.The result is the set of optimum user-antenna pairs to bescheduled and their optimum power levels. Inter-cell interferenceis calculated by reusing the results of previous simulation runsin the transmission parameters of outer-cells, thereby efficientlyreplicating system-level behavior. The algorithm is also evaluatedin terms of fairness by using the spatial distribution of the usercapacity. Capacity and fairness of the algorithm considerablyoutperform previous solutions, particularly in scenarios withgood line-of-sight and optimum node location

Traveled Distance Estimation Algorithm for Indoor Localization

This paper presents an ankle mounted Inertial Navigation System (INS) used to estimate the distance traveled by a pedestrian. This distance is estimated by the number of steps given by the user. The proposed method is based on force sensors to enhance the results obtained from an INS. Experimental results have shown that, depending on the step frequency, the traveled distance error varies between 2.7% and 5.6%

Statement of changes in equity

Since the new General Chart of Accounts was passed, the amount of financial information that is required to the corporations had increased. There have been two new financial statements too: Statement of Changes in Equity and Cash Flow Statement. We analyze the Statement of Changes in Equity on this paper, and the changes result of the new financial statement. Also, the statement of changes in equity has two new accounts: 8th group “Expenditure of Equity” and 9th group “Income of Equity”. The accounting rules for grants, donations and bequest had changed too, those are regulated by the Statement of Registration and Assessment 18th. On the same way, the rules for financial instruments or securities has changed too, those are regulated by the Statement of Registration and Assessment 9th. The information that must been provided by those accounts, now is not limited to the annual report. The main goal is an improvement of financial information provided by corporations.Subvenciones; Instrumentos Financieros; Estado de Cambios de Patrimonio Neto; Nuevo Plan General Contable