The influence of abiotic factors on the bloom-forming alga Ulva flexuosa (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta): possibilities for the control of the green tides in freshwater ecosystems

Ulva species are characterised by the capacity to achieve rapid biomass increase, which results in the formation of “green tides”, particularly in nutrient-rich seawaters. Over the last decade, formation of large-scale Ulva mats has been increasingly observed in freshwater systems in Central Europe. Mass development of Ulva in freshwater ecosystems presents a growing burden in spite of its economic benefits. This study explores the formation dynamics of Ulva flexuosa mats with respect to habitat conditions, using the examples of a number of water systems located in Poland. Elevated water temperature, pH and high concentration of sulphates are among the most important factors affecting biometric parameters of Ulva blooms. An evident disparity was observed between lotic water ecosystems and lentic water ecosystems, which differed in terms of chemical characteristics of the habitat and mat structure properties. In flowing water, U. flexuosa displays a definitely higher potential for blooms. On the other hand, mass occurrence of U. flexuosa in freshwaters is caused by the inflow of fecund waters, especially following intense precipitation in summertime, as well as by periodic increases in salinity, pH and sulphate levels. The study suggests that potential U. flexuosa blooms in landlocked ecosystems may be controlled by means of reducing the inflow of particularly sulphate-rich waters.This research was partially supported by the project S/P – B/028: “Interrelation among abiotic and biotic factors in aquatic ecosystems: environmental and experimental research”

Macroalga Ulva intestinalis (L.) Occurrence in freshwater ecosystems of Poland: a new locality in Wielkopolska

A new locality of Ulva intestinalis was found near Krąplewo in the River Samica Stęszewska located in the Wielkopolski National Park region (Wielkopolska). On the basis of Carlson's index ranges, waters of the Samica Stęszewska river were qualified as eutrophic. In the river single thalluses of U. intestinalis which appeared by its banks were observed. The presence of this Ulva species thalluses in the Samica Stęszewska river confirmed the results of trophy examinations of this river. U. intestinalis is a species attached to eutrophic waters – both salty, slightly salty and inland. This next found site of this Ulva species is the 35th site on the inland area of Poland and the third in the Wielkopolska region. Altogether 59 localities of Ulva genera representatives, including U. intestinalis and 4 other species (U. compressa, U. flexuosa, U. paradoxa, U. prolifera) and one subspecies (U. flexuosa subsp. pilifera), were noted in limnic waters of Poland. The new locality of U. intestinalis in freshwaters of Wielkopolska contributes new and essential information about the distribution of this originally marine species on the inland area of Poland. The authors indicated the lack of studies in the scope of the mass thalluses influence from the Ulva genera on inland ecosystems and on water organisms inhabiting them

Morphological and ultrastructural studies on Ulva flexuosa subsp. pilifera (Chlorophyta) from Poland

Ulva flexuosa subsp. pilifera (Kütz.) M. J. Wynne 2005 (= Enteromorpha pilifera Kützing 1845) was previously found in Argentina, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and Sweden, recently also in Poland. The genus Ulva was first time described as Enteromorpha. Interestingly, Enteromorpha is used nowadays as a synonym for Ulva, a development which is based on molecular data. The morphologies of both young and mature specimens were studied, and most life cycle stages could be observed. Further, the formation of calcium carbonate crystals on the surface of Ulva thalli seems to influence the arrangement of the cells. A detailed ultrastructural (TEM) analysis of cell walls is presented. The TEM reveals in great details highly complex, irregular structures with stratification lines.The project was supported by funding from the Polish Ministry of Science, grant No. NN 304 013 437 and partially funded by the project GDWB-07/ 2011.822157163Acta Societatis Botanicorum Polonia

Odmiany polimorficzne węglanu wapnia na powierzchni plech Ulva (Chlorophyta) notowanych w wodach słodkich

Process of calcification, which is the formation of calcite — a pure calcium carbonate mineral, commonly takes place among both marine and freshwater algae. The available literature referring to inland waters provides a lot of information about calcareous macroalgae, mainly on extensively encrusted species of Chara, called stoneworts. In addition to this group, where CaCO3 may provide 60% of dry weight, also freshwater green alga Ulva is prone to CaCO3 precipitation (up to 50% of dry weight).Freshwater Ulva exhibit an extracellular calcification mode and the deposits form bands on the surface of a thallus. Owing to a large number of calcite crystals the surface is quite coarse. Microscopic observations demonstrated differences in the size and shape of crystals and divided them into two morphology types of CaCO3 microcrystals: calcite rhombohedrons and aragonite needles. The percentage of CaCO3 in the thalli was about 50% of dry weight.631117124Kosmo

The evolution of cooperative breeding in primates

Cooperative breeding (CB) can be defined as a reproductive system in which individuals other than the mother (allomothers) deliver routine care. Among primates, the strongest reliance on allomaternal care is found in callitrichids and humans. The cooperative breeding system requires the support of special motivational and cognitive processes, including increased social tolerance or attentional bias toward monitoring motivations and behaviors of others. Allomaternal care can explain the spectacular increase in brain size in the hominin lineage (the expensive brain hypothesis). This phenomenon can also account for both the emergence of menopause long before women’s death and the longevity gender gap. Moreover, the theory in question can account for impressive cognitive abilities of our species. Some issues in the field of developmental psychology have been discussed from the perspective of the CB theory

Ewolucja wspólnego wychowu u naczelnych

Cooperative breeding (CB) can be defined as a reproductive system in which individuals other than the mother (allomothers) deliver routine care. Among primates, the strongest reliance on allomaternal care is found in callitrichids and humans. The cooperative breeding system requires the support of special motivational and cognitive processes, including increased social tolerance or attentional bias toward monitoring motivations and behaviors of others. Allomaternal care can explain the spectacular increase in brain size in the hominin lineage (the expensive brain hypothesis). This phenomenon can also account for both the emergence of menopause long before women’s death and the longevity gender gap. Moreover, the theory in question can account for impressive cognitive abilities of our species. Some issues in the field of developmental psychology have been discussed from the perspective of the CB theory

cis-Dichlorido[2,3-dimethyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetra­methyl-1,3,2λ5-dioxaphospho­lan-2-yl­oxy)butan-2-olato-κ2 O,P]oxido(triphenyl­phosphane-κP)rhenium(V)

The title compound, cis-[Re(C12H24O4P)Cl2O(C18H15P)], was prepared from the analogous trans isomer [Głowiak et al. (2000 ▶). Polyhedron, 19, 2667–2672] by a trans–cis isomerization reaction. The ReV atom adopts a distorted octa­hedral coordination geometry. Besides being coordinated by the oxide and the butano­late O atoms, the ReV atom is coordinated by a pair of chloride ligands and two P atoms in cis positions with respect to each other. In the crystal, adjacent mol­ecules are linked by weak C—H⋯Cl inter­actions, forming a three-dimensional network

Accumulation of heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn) in the freshwater alga Ulva type, sediments and water of the Wielkopolska region, Poland.

The concentration of five trace elements: cobalt (Co), chrome (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) was determined in the Ulva thalli, in the water and sediment collection from several inland sites (lakes, stream and river) from the Wielkopolska region during summer 2010. The multielemental analysis of the heavy metal concentration was carried out with the use of ICP-OES method. The aim of this study was to determine the role of tubular forms as biomonitoring species. The relative abundance of metals in sediment decreased in the order: Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Co and in the water: Cr > Mn > Zn > Cu > Co. In Ulva thalli the distribution order from higher to lower was Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Co. The results indicate that the concentration changes of heavy metals in thallus, water and sediment have some differences, but concentration distribution tends to be similar, because among the analysed heavy metals Mn has the highest concentrations while Co the lowest abundance in the thalli and sediment of all the sites. Possibility to use freshwater species from Ulva genus as bioindicators of water pollution by manganese requires further study.This project was supported by funds from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, grant No. N N 304 013 437. Co-author Andrzej Rybak is a grant holder within the framework of Measure 8.2 of the Operational Program Human Capital (OP HC) co-financed by the European Social Fund of the European Union.746611

NIEINWAZYJNE METODY KONTROLNO-POMIAROWE W ZASTOSOWANIACH PRZEMYSŁOWYCH

Monitoring and control systems constitute an important group of diagnostic tools used in the industry. When selected properly, they allow for the early detection of adverse conditions of the process, making it possible to prevent catastrophes. While these systems are becoming more precise and effective it is essential to exploring the state of knowledge about the nature of the processes that are the domains of their proper execution. Based on a process of gravitational flow of solids proposed measuring and control system is described, which includes tools such as strain gauges, accelerometers and capacitance tomography sensors. Preliminary results of conducted tests confirmed the efficiency of the proposed system for the monitoring of an installation for storage and unloading of bulk solids. The flow rig is located in the Tom Dyakowski Process Tomography Lab at the Institute of Applied Computer Science.Systemy kontrolno-pomiarowe stanowią istotną grupę narzędzi diagnostycznych wykorzystywanych w przemyśle. Prawidłowo dobrane do charakteru procesu pozwalają na wczesne wykrywanie niepożądanych stanów procesu, dzięki czemu możliwe jest np. zapobieganie katastrofom przemysłowym. Nieustanny rozwój tych systemów powoduje, że są one coraz bardziej precyzyjne i efektywne, jednak od dokładności urządzeń często ważniejsze jest zgłębianie stanu wiedzy na temat natury badanych procesów. Na podstawie procesu grawitacyjnego przepływu substancji sypkich opisany został system pomiarowo-kontrolny, w skład którego wchodzą takie narzędzia jak: tensometry, akcelerometry oraz tomograficzne czujniki pojemnościowe. Wstępne wyniki przeprowadzonych eksperymentów potwierdzają skuteczność proponowanego systemu w odniesieniu do monitorowania przemysłowej instalacji przechowywania i rozładowywania materiałów sypkich, znajdującej się w Laboratorium Tomografii Procesowej im. T. Dyakowskiego Instytutu Informatyki Stosowanej

Nitzschia anatoliensis sp. nov., a cryptic diatom species from the highly alkaline Van Lake (Turkey)

In this article we describe Nitzschia anatoliensis Górecka, Gastineau & Solak sp. nov., an example of a diatom species inhabiting extreme habitats. The new species has been isolated and successfully grown from the highly alkaline Van Lake in East Turkey. The description is based on morphology (light and scanning electron microscopy), the sequencing of its organellar genomes and several molecular phylogenies. This species could easily be overlooked because of its extreme similarity to Nitzschia aurariae but molecular phylogenies indicate that they are only distantly related. Furthermore, molecular data suggest that N. anatoliensis may occur in several alkaline lakes of Asia Minor and Siberia, but was previously misidentified as Nitzschia communis. It also revealed the very close genetic proximity between N. anatoliensis and the endosymbiont of the dinotom Kryptoperidinium foliaceum, providing additional clues on what might have been the original species of diatoms to enter symbiosis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio