The SINFONI Black Hole Survey: The Black Hole Fundamental Plane revisited and the paths of (co-) evolution of supermassive black holes and bulges

We investigate the correlations between the black hole mass $M_{BH}$, the velocity dispersion $\sigma$, the bulge mass $M_{Bu}$, the bulge average spherical density $\rho_h$ and its spherical half mass radius $r_h$, constructing a database of 97 galaxies (31 core ellipticals, 17 power-law ellipticals, 30 classical bulges, 19 pseudo bulges) by joining 72 galaxies from the literature to 25 galaxies observed during our recent SINFONI black hole survey. For the first time we discuss the full error covariance matrix. We analyse the well known $M_{BH}-\sigma$ and $M_{BH}-M_{Bu}$ relations and establish the existence of statistically significant correlations between $M_{Bu}$ and $r_h$ and anti-correlations between $M_{Bu}$ and $\rho_h$. We establish five significant bivariate correlations ($M_{BH}-\sigma-\rho_h$, $M_{BH}-\sigma-r_h$, $M_{BH}-M_{Bu}-\sigma$, $M_{BH}-M_{Bu}-\rho_h$, $M_{BH}-M_{Bu}-r_h$) that predict $M_{BH}$ of 77 core and power-law ellipticals and classical bulges with measured and intrinsic scatter as small as $\approx 0.36$ dex and $\approx 0.33$ dex respectively, or 0.26 dex when the subsample of 45 galaxies defined by Kormendy and Ho (2013) is considered. In contrast, pseudo bulges have systematically lower $M_{BH}$, but approach the predictions of all the above relations at spherical densities $\rho_h\ge 10^{10} M_\odot/kpc^3$ or scale lengths $r_h\le 1$ kpc. These findings fit in a scenario of co-evolution of BH and classical-bulge masses, where core ellipticals are the product of dry mergers of power-law bulges and power-law Es and bulges the result of (early) gas-rich mergers and of disk galaxies. In contrast, the (secular) growth of BHs is decoupled from the growth of their pseudo bulge hosts, except when (gas) densities are high enough to trigger the feedback mechanism responsible for the existence of the correlations between $M_{BH}$ and galaxy structural parameters.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, proofs correcte

Pencapaian Standar Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) Dalam Pengelolaan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Di Kalimantan Timur / Achievement of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil Standards of Palm Oil Plantation Management in East Borneo Indonesia

Strong opinions have been expressed toward oil palm plantation industry in Indonesia, and these opinions portray that oil palm plantation development in Indonesia has caused the destruction of the environment. One of the efforts currently undertaken by the Indonesian government to ensure the sustainability of the palm oil industry is establishing sustainability standard called the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) which is mandatory. ISPO is "guidance" for sustainable oil palm development as well as a commitment based on the laws and regulations aplication of some licenses in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the capability of oil palm plantation companies in the regional to meet the standards of the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) and to identify the problems faced in achieving these standards. This research was conducted in East Kalimantan province on the period June 2012-May 2013. Evaluation of the capability of the companies to achieve the ISPO standards was performed by the audit method, assessment results of all parameters that had been established in accordance with the Principles, Criteria and Indicators in the provision of ISPO which were assessed in a percent unit. The research results showed that the capability of the plantation companies in East Kalimantan in meeting the ISPO standards reached 79,14%, and this capability can be improved up to 100% by increasing efforts to comply with the principles, criteria and indicators that are still not in accordance with the provisions of ISPO are as follows: 1). Licence system and plantation management, 2). Aplication guidance cultivation technics and processing palm fruit, 3). Management and monitoring invironment, 4). Resposibility to workers, and 5). Social resposibility and community. The determantion factor performance on ISPO standard is the commitment of plantation company as a business stakeholder that supported by capable human resources to create the sustainable plantation development and also the goverment action in charge as the regulator in supervising the policy that has been set. Socialization and training about principles and criteria ISPO standard to plantation company needs soon and more intensively done by the government association with ISPO commission to accelerate the application of the ISPO. Socialization and training also are required in order to overcome the constraints in attainment of principles and criteria of the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil standard, because of the mentioned efforts are the part of success factors to apply the ISPO

Effect of Surface Hardness on Joint Contact Forces during Barefoot Running: A Pilot Study

This paper presents an experimental pilot study on the effect of different surface hardness to the joint contact force during barefoot running. Peak joint contact forces during the stance phase of a male subject that running barefoot on three types of surface with different hardness level (concrete, artificial grass and rubber) were investigated experimentally. Differences in peak joint contact force at the ankle, medial tibiofemoral, lateral tibiofemoral, hip and patellofemoral due to surface effects were analysed using Freebody (Version2.1) software. The result showed that the pattern of peak joint contact force was similar for ankle with medial tibiofemoral and hip with lateral patellofemoral. The joint contact force was varied in the varying of the surface hardness. The correlation between various surface hardness and joint contact force was found at the ankle and medial tibiofemoral joint. However, the findings of this pilot study provide the insight into the method and approach selected for the experiment be suitable for an actual experiment for more subjects

Performance Evaluation of Centralized Reconfigurable Transmitting Power Scheme in Wireless Network-on-chip

Network-on-chip (NoC) is an on-chip communication network that allows parallel communication among all cores to improve inter-core performance. Wireless NoC (WiNoC) introduces long-range and high bandwidth radio frequency (RF) interconnects that can possibly reduce the multi-hop communication of the planar metal interconnects in conventional NoC platforms. In WiNoC, RF transceivers account for a significant power consumption, particularly its transmitter, out of its total communication energy. This paper evaluates the energy and latency performance of a closed loop power management mechanism which enables transmitting power reconfiguration in WiNoC based on number of erroneous received packets. The scheme achieves significant energy savings with limited performance degradation and insignificant impact on throughput

Annealing temperature induced improved crystallinity of ysz thin film

Six YSZ thin films (YSZTFs) were prepared at varied annealing temperature (380 °C to 600 °C) by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. Glancing angle x-ray diffraction (GAXRD) pattern revealed the polycrystalline nature of all films with crystallite size in the range of 9 to 15 nm. Sample annealed at 400 °C displayed the lowest microstrain (0.262) and crystallinity (60%). FESEM images disclosed dense, homogeneous and crack free growth of annealed samples compared to as-deposited one. EDX spectra detected the right elemental compositions of films. AFM images showed growth evolution of YSZ grains with size range between 0.2 to 5 nm and improved films' surface roughness. HRTEM measurement of the studied YSZTFs exhibited lattice orientation and atomic structure of nucleated YSZ nanocrystallites. Furthermore, film annealed at 500 °C divulged less oriented structure because of dislocation

Statistical shape modelling of the thoracic spine for the development of pedicle screw insertion guides

Spinal fixation and fusion are surgical procedures undertaken to restore stability in the spine and restrict painful or degenerative motion. Malpositioning of pedicle screws during these procedures can result in major neurological and vascular damage. Patient-specific surgical guides offer clear benefits, reducing malposition rates by up to 25%. However, they suffer from long lead times and the manufacturing process is dependent on third-party specialists. The development of a standard set of surgical guides may eliminate the issues with the manufacturing process. To evaluate the feasibility of this option, a statistical shape model (SSM) was created and used to analyse the morphological variations of the T4–T6 vertebrae in a population of 90 specimens from the Visible Korean Human dataset (50 females and 40 males). The first three principal components, representing 39.7% of the variance within the population, were analysed. The model showed high variability in the transverse process (~ 4 mm) and spinous process (~ 4 mm) and relatively low variation (< 1 mm) in the vertebral lamina. For a Korean population, a standardised set of surgical guides would likely need to align with the lamina where the variance in the population is lower. It is recommended that this standard set of surgical guides should accommodate pedicle screw diameters of 3.5–6 mm and transverse pedicle screw angles of 3.5°–12.4°

Penentuan Diagnostik Lymphadenopathy Colli dengan Metode Biopsi pada Penderita HIV-TB di Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso

Mycobaterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) telah menginfeksi sepertiga penduduk dunia. Salah satu manifestasi klinis yang terinfeksi M.tuberculosis adalah pembesaran kelenjar getah Bening pada regio colli, axilla, inguinal, abdominal yang sering di sebut tuberkulosis kelenjar. Tuberkulosis kelenjar masih sering menimbulkan permasalahan baik dari segi diagnostik, pengobatan dan pemantauan hasil pengobatannya teristimewa di daerah endemis TB, ditambah lagi gejala tuberkulosis pada penderita HIV sering tidak jelas manifestasi yang sering timbul adalah pembesaran kelenjar getah Bening.Telah dilakukan penelitian pada 11 pasien HIV dengan pembesaran kelenjar getah Bening leher yang diduga karena infeksi M.tb serta bersedia secara tertulis mengikuti penelitian ini. Pada semua subjek dilakukan biopsi jarum halus dan biopsi dengan pembedahan. Hasil biopsi tersebut dilakukan pemeriksaan pewarnaan langsung BTA; sitologi dan PCR. Hasil yang didapat adalah preparat BTA langsung dari BJH 36,4%; Sitologi dari BJH positif tuberkulosis 36,4%; PCR tuberkulosis positif 45,5%; Hasil pemeriksaan Patologi Anatomi (PA) yang positif tuberkulosis adalah 72,7%.Berdasarkan penelitian perbandingan pemeriksaan Mycobaterium tuberculosis pada pembesaran KGB pada pasien HIV dianjurkan melakukan pemeriksaan PA dari bahan spesimen ekstirpasi dari kelenjar getah Bening leher, pertimbangankan PCR tuberkulosis yang non invasif

Elliptical Galaxies and Bulges of Disk Galaxies: Summary of Progress and Outstanding Issues

This is the summary chapter of a review book on galaxy bulges. Bulge properties and formation histories are more varied than those of ellipticals. I emphasize two advances: 1 - "Classical bulges" are observationally indistinguishable from ellipticals, and like them, are thought to form by major galaxy mergers. "Disky pseudobulges" are diskier and more actively star-forming (except in S0s) than are ellipticals. Theys are products of the slow ("secular") evolution of galaxy disks: bars and other nonaxisymmetries move disk gas toward the center, where it starbursts and builds relatively flat, rapidly rotating components. This secular evolution is a new area of galaxy evolution work that complements hierarchical clustering. 2 - Disks of high-redshift galaxies are unstable to the formation of mass clumps that sink to the center and merge - an alternative channel for the formation of classical bulges. I review successes and unsolved problems in the formation of bulges+ellipticals and their coevolution (or not) with supermassive black holes. I present an observer's perspective on simulations of dark matter galaxy formation including baryons. I review how our picture of the quenching of star formation is becoming general and secure at redshifts z < 1. The biggest challenge is to produce realistic bulges+ellipticals and disks that overlap over a factor of 10**3 in mass but that differ from each other as observed over that whole range. Second, how does hierarchical clustering make so many giant, bulgeless galaxies in field but not cluster environments? I argue that we rely too much on AGN and star-formation feedback to solve these challenges.Comment: 46 pages, 10 postscript figures, accepted for publication in Galactic Bulges, ed. E. Laurikainen, R. F. Peletier, & D. A. Gadotti (New York: Springer), in press (2015