Oral mucosa: an alternative epidermic cell source to develop autologous dermal-epidermal substitutes from diabetic subjects

Oral mucosa has been highlighted as a suitable source of epidermal cells due to its intrinsic characteristics such as its higher proliferation rate and its obtainability. Diabetic ulcers have a worldwide prevalence that is variable (1%-11%), meanwhile treatment of this has been proven ineffective. Tissue-engineered skin plays an important role in wound care focusing on strategies such autologous dermal-epidermal substitutes. Objective The aim of this study was to obtain autologous dermal-epidermal skin substitutes from oral mucosa from diabetic subjects as a first step towards a possible clinical application for cases of diabetic foot. Material and Methods Oral mucosa was obtained from diabetic and healthy subjects (n=20 per group). Epidermal cells were isolated and cultured using autologous fibrin to develop dermal-epidermal in vitro substitutes by the air-liquid technique with autologous human serum as a supplement media. Substitutes were immunocharacterized with collagen IV and cytokeratin 5-14 as specific markers. A Student´s t- test was performed to assess the differences between both groups. Results It was possible to isolate epidermal cells from the oral mucosa of diabetic and healthy subjects and develop autologous dermal-epidermal skin substitutes using autologous serum as a supplement. Differences in the expression of specific markers were observed and the cytokeratin 5-14 expression was lower in the diabetic substitutes, and the collagen IV expression was higher in the diabetic substitutes when compared with the healthy group, showing a significant difference. Conclusion Cells from oral mucosa could be an alternative and less invasive source for skin substitutes and wound healing. A difference in collagen production of diabetic cells suggests diabetic substitutes could improve diabetic wound healing. More research is needed to determine the crosstalk between components of these skin substitutes and damaged tissues

Improved in vitro angiogenic behavior on anodized titanium dioxide nanotubes

[Background] Neovascularization over dental implants is an imperative requisite to achieve successful osseointegration onto implanted materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on in vitro angiogenesis of anodized 70 nm diameter TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) on Ti6Al4V alloy synthesized and disinfected by means of a novel, facile, antibacterial and cost-effective method using super oxidized water (SOW). We also evaluated the role of the surface roughness and chemical composition of materials of materials on angiogenesis.[Methods] The Ti6Al4V alloy and a commercially pure Ti were anodized using a solution constituted by SOW and fluoride as electrolyte. An acid-etched Ti6Al4V was evaluated to compare the effect of micro-surface roughness. Mirror-polished materials were used as control. Morphology, roughness, chemistry and wettability were assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and using a professional digital camera. Bovine coronary artery endothelial cells (BCAECs) were seeded over the experimental surfaces for several incubation times. Cellular adhesion, proliferation and monolayer formation were evaluated by means of SEM. BCAEC viability, actin stress fibers and vinculin cellular organization, as well as the angiogenic receptors vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured using fluorescence microscopy.[Results] The anodization process significantly increased the roughness, wettability and thickness of the oxidized coating. EDX analysis demonstrated an increased oxygen (O) and decreased carbon (C) content on the NTs of both materials. Endothelial behavior was solidly supported and improved by the NTs (without significant differences between Ti and alloy), showing that endothelial viability, adhesion, proliferation, actin arrangement with vinculin expression and monolayer development were evidently stimulated on the nanostructured surface, also leading to increased activation of VEGFR2 and eNOS on Ti6Al4V-NTs compared to the control Ti6Al4V alloy. Although the rougher alloy promoted BCAECs viability and proliferation, filopodia formation was poor.[Conclusion] The in vitro results suggest that 70 nm diameter NTs manufactured by anodization and cleaned using SOW promotes in vitro endothelial activity, which may improve in vivo angiogenesis supporting a faster clinical osseointegration process.The authors wish to thank to the Program Number UABC-PTC-469 from PRODEP and Program Number 2058 of UABC for financial support. They are also grateful to CONACYT, Mexico, for scholarship 348737-114359.Peer reviewe

Aislamiento y control de calidad microanalítico para ingeniería tisular de los condrocitos del tejido cartilaginoso hialino y fibroso

Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Histología. Leída el 2 de mayo de 200

Compositions and Structural Geometries of Scaffolds Used in the Regeneration of Cleft Palates: A Review of the Literature

Cleft palate (CP) is one of the most common birth defects, presenting a multitude of negative impacts on the health of the patient. It also leads to increased mortality at all stages of life, economic costs and psychosocial effects. The embryological development of CP has been outlined thanks to the advances made in recent years due to biomolecular successions. The etiology is broad and combines certain environmental and genetic factors. Currently, all surgical interventions work off the principle of restoring the area of the fissure and aesthetics of the patient, making use of bone substitutes. These can involve biological products, such as a demineralized bone matrix, as well as natural–synthetic polymers, and can be supplemented with nutrients or growth factors. For this reason, the following review analyzes different biomaterials in which nutrients or biomolecules have been added to improve the bioactive properties of the tissue construct to regenerate new bone, taking into account the greatest limitations of this approach, which are its use for bone substitutes for large areas exclusively and the lack of vascularity. Bone tissue engineering is a promising field, since it favors the development of porous synthetic substitutes with the ability to promote rapid and extensive vascularization within their structures for the regeneration of the CP area

Relationship between the Normative Need for Orthodontic Treatment and Oral Health in Mexican Adolescents Aged 13–15 Years Old

This cross-sectional study aimed to establish a relationship between the Normative Need for Orthodontic Treatment (NNOT) and oral health among Mexican adolescents aged 13–15 years old. A convenience sample of 424 subjects in Mexico City participated in the study. The dependent variable used was NNOT, which was determined via the dental health component (grades 4 and 5) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The variables for oral health were as follows: caries experience, oral hygiene, self-reported temporomandibular joint pain, and self-reported bruxism. Logistic regression models were fitted to determine the association between NNOT and oral health. The prevalence of NNOT was 66.0% (280/424), and the crowding was the most prevalent occlusal anomaly with 36.1% (n = 135). Multivariate models showed that subjects with NNOT were more than twice as likely to present poor hygiene (OR = 2.56; p = 0.001) as subjects presenting crowding (>4 mm) (OR = 1.99; p = 0.004) and increased overjet (>6 mm) (OR = 1.74; p = 0.046). Those schoolchildren who presented anterior guidance were 72% less likely to present NNOT (OR = 0.28; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the risk of presenting NNOT in Mexican adolescents is high, with a prevalence of over 50% of which the most prevalent occlusal anomaly was crowding. On the other hand, poor oral hygiene was associated with crowding and increased overjet

Efectividad de las prótesis intrabucales protectoras emplomadas en teleterapia y braquiterapia / Effectiveness of Intr aoral Pr otective Leaded Pr ostheses in Teletherapy and Brachytherapy

Antecedentes: se presentan las primeras fases de pruebas in vitro que refutan la hipótesis de que el material de 2-3 mm de plomo utilizado como protector en prótesis radíferas, durante radioterapia en pacientes oncológicos de cabeza y cuello, ayuda a reducir el depósito de dosis en los órganos sanos o de riesgo. Propósito: comprobar la efectividad del plomo para reducir la radiación terapéutica. Métodos: se realizaron pruebas in vitro con dos placas de plomo de 1 mm × 5 cm × 5 cm sobre una película radiocrómica Gafchromic RQTA2 “10 × 10”. Se aplicó, con acelerador lineal, una energía de 6 MeV en dosis promedio de 192 cGy de una fracción de dosis aplicables en teleterapia. También se efectuaron pruebas de contacto de 0,168 MeV de iridio 192 (braquiterapia) para una dosis de 300 cGy, la cual se aplica fraccionada bajo una cubierta de agua sólida (polímero de 2 cm de espesor con la misma densidad del agua). Se realizaron pruebas similares sin la protección de plomo en ambos casos (campo abierto) como control. Resultados: con la lectura de densidades de la película se encontró que en el tratamiento con iridio192 y 2 mm de plomo hubo una diferencia de aumento de radiación del 7,25 % con respecto al campo abierto (sin plomo). En el tratamiento con acelerador lineal a 6 MeV con 2 mm de plomo se observó un aumento de 16,25 % con respecto al campo abierto. Background: we present early-stage in vitro evidence supporting the hypothesis that 2-3 mm lead plaques used as shielding in prosthesis for the radiotherapy in head-and-neck cancer patients help reduce deposit dose in healthy or at risk organs. Purpose: to test the effect of lead in reducing therapeutic radiation. Methods: in vitro tests were performed with two 1 mm × 5 cm × 5 cm lead plates on a Gafchromic RQTA2 “10 × 10” chromic film. 6 MeV energy doses of 192 cGy applied with a linear accelerator as a fraction of applicable doses of teletherapy to test contact. Likewise, 168 MeV Iridium 192 (brachytherapy) were used for a 300 cGy dosis under a cover of solid water (2 cm thick polymer with the same density as water). Similar tests were performed without the lead protection in both cases (open field) as a control. Results: the density readings of the films showed, for the treatment with 2 mm lead Iridium 192, an increased difference of radiation of 7.25% compared to the open field. The treatment with linear accelerator with 6 MeV energy and 2 mm lead increased 16.25% compared to the open field

Potential Benefits from 3D Printing and Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Cleft Palate Treatments: An In Vivo Model Study

Cleft palate is one of the most frequent anomalies in the head and neck region. Differ - ent treatments have been used but with each, there are still some disadvantages such as fistulas. The use of a 3D scaffold, with osteoinductive properties, from an easily accessi - ble source, such as dental pulp stem cells, should improve and shorten the treatment of a cleft palate. We conducted a pilot study, in a Vietnamese pig, to evaluate the effectiveness of treating a critical defect of the palate bone, with a 3D Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold, in combination with a Beta Tricalcium Phosphate powder (β-TCP) and Pig Dental Pulp Stem Cells (pig DPSC) obtained from the subject pig.PAPIIT, IA209417, UNAM.- MexicoPeer reviewe

Efectividad de las prótesis intrabucales protectoras emplomadas en teleterapia y braquiterapia / Effectiveness of Intr aoral Pr otective Leaded Pr ostheses in Teletherapy and Brachytherapy

Antecedentes: se presentan las primeras fases de pruebas in vitro que refutan la hipótesis de que el material de 2-3 mm de plomo utilizado como protector en prótesis radíferas, durante radioterapia en pacientes oncológicos de cabeza y cuello, ayuda a reducir el depósito de dosis en los órganos sanos o de riesgo. Propósito: comprobar la efectividad del plomo para reducir la radiación terapéutica. Métodos: se realizaron pruebas in vitro con dos placas de plomo de 1 mm × 5 cm × 5 cm sobre una película radiocrómica Gafchromic RQTA2 “10 × 10”. Se aplicó, con acelerador lineal, una energía de 6 MeV en dosis promedio de 192 cGy de una fracción de dosis aplicables en teleterapia. También se efectuaron pruebas de contacto de 0,168 MeV de iridio 192 (braquiterapia) para una dosis de 300 cGy, la cual se aplica fraccionada bajo una cubierta de agua sólida (polímero de 2 cm de espesor con la misma densidad del agua). Se realizaron pruebas similares sin la protección de plomo en ambos casos (campo abierto) como control. Resultados: con la lectura de densidades de la película se encontró que en el tratamiento con iridio192 y 2 mm de plomo hubo una diferencia de aumento de radiación del 7,25 % con respecto al campo abierto (sin plomo). En el tratamiento con acelerador lineal a 6 MeV con 2 mm de plomo se observó un aumento de 16,25 % con respecto al campo abierto. Background: we present early-stage in vitro evidence supporting the hypothesis that 2-3 mm lead plaques used as shielding in prosthesis for the radiotherapy in head-and-neck cancer patients help reduce deposit dose in healthy or at risk organs. Purpose: to test the effect of lead in reducing therapeutic radiation. Methods: in vitro tests were performed with two 1 mm × 5 cm × 5 cm lead plates on a Gafchromic RQTA2 “10 × 10” chromic film. 6 MeV energy doses of 192 cGy applied with a linear accelerator as a fraction of applicable doses of teletherapy to test contact. Likewise, 168 MeV Iridium 192 (brachytherapy) were used for a 300 cGy dosis under a cover of solid water (2 cm thick polymer with the same density as water). Similar tests were performed without the lead protection in both cases (open field) as a control. Results: the density readings of the films showed, for the treatment with 2 mm lead Iridium 192, an increased difference of radiation of 7.25% compared to the open field. The treatment with linear accelerator with 6 MeV energy and 2 mm lead increased 16.25% compared to the open field

Efectividad de las prótesis intrabucales protectoras emplomadas en teleterapia y braquiterapia / Effectiveness of Intr aoral Pr otective Leaded Pr ostheses in Teletherapy and Brachytherapy

Antecedentes: se presentan las primeras fases de pruebas in vitro que refutan la hipótesis de que el material de 2-3 mm de plomo utilizado como protector en prótesis radíferas, durante radioterapia en pacientes oncológicos de cabeza y cuello, ayuda a reducir el depósito de dosis en los órganos sanos o de riesgo. Propósito: comprobar la efectividad del plomo para reducir la radiación terapéutica. Métodos: se realizaron pruebas in vitro con dos placas de plomo de 1 mm × 5 cm × 5 cm sobre una película radiocrómica Gafchromic RQTA2 “10 × 10”. Se aplicó, con acelerador lineal, una energía de 6 MeV en dosis promedio de 192 cGy de una fracción de dosis aplicables en teleterapia. También se efectuaron pruebas de contacto de 0,168 MeV de iridio 192 (braquiterapia) para una dosis de 300 cGy, la cual se aplica fraccionada bajo una cubierta de agua sólida (polímero de 2 cm de espesor con la misma densidad del agua). Se realizaron pruebas similares sin la protección de plomo en ambos casos (campo abierto) como control. Resultados: con la lectura de densidades de la película se encontró que en el tratamiento con iridio192 y 2 mm de plomo hubo una diferencia de aumento de radiación del 7,25 % con respecto al campo abierto (sin plomo). En el tratamiento con acelerador lineal a 6 MeV con 2 mm de plomo se observó un aumento de 16,25 % con respecto al campo abierto. Background: we present early-stage in vitro evidence supporting the hypothesis that 2-3 mm lead plaques used as shielding in prosthesis for the radiotherapy in head-and-neck cancer patients help reduce deposit dose in healthy or at risk organs. Purpose: to test the effect of lead in reducing therapeutic radiation. Methods: in vitro tests were performed with two 1 mm × 5 cm × 5 cm lead plates on a Gafchromic RQTA2 “10 × 10” chromic film. 6 MeV energy doses of 192 cGy applied with a linear accelerator as a fraction of applicable doses of teletherapy to test contact. Likewise, 168 MeV Iridium 192 (brachytherapy) were used for a 300 cGy dosis under a cover of solid water (2 cm thick polymer with the same density as water). Similar tests were performed without the lead protection in both cases (open field) as a control. Results: the density readings of the films showed, for the treatment with 2 mm lead Iridium 192, an increased difference of radiation of 7.25% compared to the open field. The treatment with linear accelerator with 6 MeV energy and 2 mm lead increased 16.25% compared to the open field