Comparative characteristics of electron energy spectrum in PIG and arc type discharge plasmas

The electron distribution functions relative to the velocity component directed along the magnetic field are compared for PIG and arc type discharges. The identity of these functions for the plasma region pierced by the primary electron beam and their difference in the peripheral part of the discharge are shown. It is concluded that the electron distribution function in the PIG type discharge is formed during one transit of the primary electron through the discharge gap. The mechanisms of electron energy spectrum formation in both the axis region and the peripheral region of the discharge are discussed

TECHNIKI ROZPOZNAWANIA TWARZY

The problem of face recognition is discussed. The main methods of recognition are considered. The calibrated stereo pair for the face and calculating the depth map by the correlation algorithm are used. As a result, a 3D mask of the face is obtained. Using three anthropomorphic points, then constructed a coordinate system that ensures a possibility of superposition of the tested mask.Omawiany jest problem rozpoznawania twarzy. Rozważane są główne metody rozpoznawania. Użyta zostaje skalibrowana para stereo dla twarzy oraz obliczanie mapy głębokości poprzez algorytm korelacji. W wyniku takiego, uzyskiwana jest maska twarzy w wymiarze 3D. Użycie trzech antropomorficznych punktów, a następnie skonstruowany systemu współrzędnych zapewnia możliwość nakładania się przetestowanej maski

The age of Spitsbergen basement consolidation: U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Upper Precambrian and Lower Carboniferous clastic rocks of the northwestern part of Nordenskiöld Land

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The age distribution of detrital zircons from Upper Riphean and Early Carboniferous sandstones of the northwest part of Nordenskiöld Land (Spitsbergen Island) was studied. The results obtained supplement the previously known data on the rocks of Precambrian and Paleozoic masses of West Spitsbergen. Integrated consideration of these data showed that the time interval from the Middle Riphean to the Early Carboniferous inclusive might be subdivided into at least five stages characterized by quite different provinces supplying detritus to sedimentary basins. (The relics of these latter are represented in the present structure of western Svalbard.) The most ancient distinguished event of alteration of the sources of sedimentary matter (at the boundary of the Middle and Late Riphean) corresponds to the consolidation time of the ancient basement of Svalbard

Using Gudermannian to Improve the Turbo-Code Mathematical Principles in 3G Communication Systems

This paper discusses the promising modern turbocodes in the concept of 3rd generation comunication systems. Presents the extended mathematical principles of the algebra logarithm of the likelihood function for N statistically independent information bits with the transition to trigonometric and hyperbolic functions by using Gudermannian expression and decomposition in B. Taylor power series for finding the result with the defined accuracy

Алгоритм управления боковым движением БпЛА методом аналитического конструирования

Метою роботи є розробка системи аналітичного конструювання алгоритмів бічного руху безпілотного літального апарату. Оцінка якості перехідного процесу проводитиметься за допомогою інтегрального квадратичного методу оцінки. Представлена функціональна схема системи автоматичного керування (САК) бічним відхиленням БпЛА. Записана система лінеарізованних рівнянь ізольованого бічного руху. Отриманий лінійно-квадратичний регулятор, який є одним із оптимальних регуляторів в теорії автоматичного керування. Побудовано графіки перехідних процесів системи автоматичного керування та за результатом аналізу найкращого перехідного процесу були отримані закони керування.The goal is to develop a system of analytical construction algorithms for lateral movement of the UAV. Assessment of the quality of the transition process will be conducted by an integral quadratic estimation method. Represented by the functional diagram of the automatic control system (ACS), the lateral deviation of the UAV. Written system of linearized equations of an isolated lateral movement. A linear-quadratic regulator, which is one of the best regulators in automatic control theory. The graphs of transient processes and the automatic control system based on analysis of the best transient control laws have been obtained.Целью работы является разработка системы аналитического конструирования алгоритмов бокового движения беспилотного летательного аппарата. Оценка качества переходного процесса будет проводиться с помощью интегрального квадратичного метода оценки. Представлена функциональная схема системы автоматического управления (САУ) боковым отклонением БпЛА. Записана система линеаризованных уравнений изолированного бокового движения. Получен линейно-квадратичный регулятор, который является одним из оптимальных регуляторов в теории автоматического управления. Построены графики переходных процессов системы автоматического управления и по результату анализа наилучшего переходного процесса были получены законы управления

Efficient Methods for Fast Shading

On devices without battery consuming and specialized hardware for rendering, it is important to improve the speed and quality so that these methods are suitable for real-time rendering. Furthermore such algorithms are needed on the coming multicore architectures. We show how the methods by Gouraud and Phong, the commonly most used methods for shading, can be improved and made faster for both software rendering as well as simple low energy consuming hardware implementations. Moreover, this paper summarizes the authors’ achievements in increasing shading speed and performance and a Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function is simplified for faster computing and hardware implementatio

Класифікація графічних відеоадаптерів

В статті виконується класифікація графічних відеоадаптерів для визначення ключових характеристик необхідного відеоадаптера залежно від поставлених цілей його використанн

Decoupling of optoelectronic properties from morphological changes in sodium treated kesterite thin film solar cells

Sodium is typically used during the synthesis of kesterite thin films to enhance the performance of solar cells. As sodium tends to affect grain growth and morphology, it is difficult to analyse solely the electronic effects of sodium as dopant. To decouple the structural and electronic effects from each other, two processes were designed in this work to successfully incorporate sodium into a vacuum-processed Cu2ZnSnSe4absorber without changing the morphology. A thin layer of NaF is deposited before precursor deposition (Pre-NaF) or after absorber synthesis to undergo a post deposition treatment (NaF-PDT). While composition and distribution of matrix elements remain unchanged, the sodium concentration is increased upon sodium treatment up to 140 ppm as measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the surface composition was not altered. Within its detection limit, sodium was not present at the absorber surface. For a Pre-NaF sample measured with atom probe tomography a sodium concentration of 30 ppm was measured in a grain, suggesting that sodium might segregate at grain boundaries. The additional sodium content in the film leads to an increased acceptor concentration, which results in improved open-circuit voltage and fill factor.Financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) in the network of the Indo-Swiss Joint Research Programme (ISJRP) [IZLIZ2_157140/1] is gratefully acknowledged. T. Schwarz is grateful for the support of the German Research Foundation (DFG) [Contract GA 2450/1-1]. R. Caballero acknowledges financial support from Spanish MINECO within the Ramón y Cajal program [RYC-2011-08521], MINECO project WINCOST [ENE2016-80788-C5-2-R] and from Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport within the José Castillejo program [CAS 15/00070

Метод розпаралелення процедури зафарбовування в системах комп'ютерної графіки

The method of concurrent computation of the color intensity within the scan line is sug- gested. Calculation is going to be implemented on four independent computational units