The Collimated Jet Source in IRAS 16547-4247: Time Variation, Possible Precession, and Upper Limits to the Proper Motions Along the Jet Axis

The triple radio source detected in association with the luminous infrared source IRAS 16547-4247 has previously been studied with high angular resolution and high sensitivity with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 3.6-cm wavelength. In this paper, we present new 3.6 cm observations taken 2.68 years after the first epoch that allow a search for variability and proper motions, as well as the detection of additional faint sources in the region. We do not detect proper motions along the axis of the outflow in the outer lobes of this source at a 4-$\sigma$ upper limit of $\sim$160 km s$^{-1}$. This suggests that these lobes are probably working surfaces where the jet is interacting with a denser medium. However, the brightest components of the lobes show evidence of precession, at a rate of $0\rlap.^\circ08$ yr$^{-1}$ clockwise in the plane of the sky. It may be possible to understand the distribution of almost all the identified sources as the result of ejecta from a precessing jet. The core of the thermal jet shows significant variations in flux density and morphology. We compare this source with other jets in low and high mass young stars and suggest that the former can be understood as a scaled-up version of the latter.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figure

Temporary Language Adaptation Classrooms: One of the Great Unknowns for Future Primary School teachers

El presente estudio pretende indagar en la opinión sobre la formación universitaria recibida por los futuros maestros de educación primaria en relación con la atención al alumnado inmigrante en las escuelas y, particularmente, con las aulas temporales de adaptación lingüística (ATAL) andaluzas. Se discuten los datos arrojados del análisis de un cuestionario formado por diez ítems, que combinaron tanto preguntas de índole cuantitativa como cualitativa, al que respondieron 54 estudiantes del último curso del Grado en Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Almería (España). Según los resultados, al acabar la carrera, las estrategias y el aprendizaje adquirido se muestran insuficientes de acuerdo con la naturaleza multicultural que presenta la mayoría de los centros educativos españoles, mientras que se aprecia gran interés por cursar estudios de posgrado sobre enseñanza del español como segunda lengua. En conclusión, con el propósito de lograr una integración auténtica del alumnado inmigrante, se reivindica una conexión efectiva entre la formación académica de grado y la realidad multicultural y multilingüe de las aulas en la sociedad española actual.The present study aims to look into the opinion of prospective primary school teachers about their training for assisting migrant students. Special attention is drawn to their views on the linguistic adaptation temporary classes (ATAL) in Andalusia. The data obtained from the analysis of a questionnaire are discussed. This questionnaire consists of ten items, which combined both quantitative and qualitative questions, and was completed by 54 students in the last year of the Degree in Primary Education at University of Almería (Spain). According to the results, upon completion of training, the knowledge and strategies developed appear to be insufficient for the multicultural nature of most Spanish schools. At the same time, respondents show a great interest in postgraduate courses on teaching Spanish as a second language. In conclusion, in order to achieve the integration of migrant students, a more effective connection between teacher training programs and the multicultural and multilingual reality of Spanish schools nowadays is needed

Classroom communication skills: the need to fill a gap in the training of teachers of Spanish as a foreign language

This paper sets out the necessity of examining the communication skills of teachers of Spanish as a foreign language as conducted in other socio-educative contexts. According to this objective, the paper begins with a review of theoretical efforts that have been made during recent years referring to research methodology (such as instruments), and to their main results. This leads to a discussion of the training needs that teachers of Spanish as a foreign language presently face for the development of their communication s kills in the classroom and, in general terms, the paper discusses the different types of ideas and strategies that must be considered during teachers’ instruction. Finally, this brief proposal expects to be the seed of future research projects that impact positively on the improvement of teachers’ communication competence, whereby the ideas discussed here are taken as a nuclear component in the frame of future teaching competence

Pre- and Post-burst Radio Observations of the Class 0 Protostar HOPS 383 in Orion

There is increasing evidence that episodic accretion is a common phenomenon in Young Stellar Objects (YSOs). Recently, the source HOPS 383 in Orion was reported to have a $\times 35$ mid-infrared -- and bolometric -- luminosity increase between 2004 and 2008, constituting the first clear example of a class 0 YSO (a protostar) with a large accretion burst. The usual assumption that in YSOs accretion and ejection follow each other in time needs to be tested. Radio jets at centimeter wavelengths are often the only way of tracing the jets from embedded protostars. We searched the Very Large Array archive for the available observations of the radio counterpart of HOPS 383. The data show that the radio flux of HOPS 383 varies only mildly from January 1998 to December 2014, staying at the level of $\sim 200$ to 300 $\mu$Jy in the X band ($\sim 9$ GHz), with a typical uncertainty of 10 to 20 $\mu$Jy in each measurement. We interpret the absence of a radio burst as suggesting that accretion and ejection enhancements do not follow each other in time, at least not within timescales shorter than a few years. Time monitoring of more objects and specific predictions from simulations are needed to clarify the details of the connection betwen accretion and jets/winds in YSOs.Comment: ApJ Letters, in pres

The effect of green strategies and eco-innovation on Mexican automotive industry sustainable and financial performance: Sustainable supply chains as a mediating variable

This work focuses on the study of how green strategies (GBS) and eco-innovation (EI) contribute to increasing sustainable and financial performance in the context of the Mexican manufacturing industry, and whether these relationships are mediated by the practices involved in sustainable supply chains (SSCs). This analysis is carried out through an empirical study of a sample of 460 companies in the automotive industry. The results reveal direct positive effects of GBS and EI on performance both, ustainable and financial. In spite of the key role played by SSC, this variable only exerts a mediating effect on the sustainable performance. Nevertheless, although the significant direct effect of sustainable supply chains on financial performance is not verified, there is an indirect effect of supply chains on financial performance through their influence on sustainable development. The findings reveal important implications for managers. They provide rational arguments (increase in performance) that should motivate companies in the Mexican automotive industry to incorporate values, standards, and actions focused on reducing the effects of their activities on the environment. These considerations will lead to a change in behavior which is better aligned with global environmental demands.Cátedra de Emprendimiento Santander-UPCT ; Doctoral studies at the Universidad Autónoma de Aguascaliente

La arquitectura popular como urbanismo ecológico: el hábitat de Zamora.

Sin resume

A bright radio HH object with large proper motions in the massive star-forming region W75N

We analyze radio continuum and line observations from the archives of the Very Large Array, as well as X-ray observations from the \emph{Chandra} archive of the region of massive star formation W75N. Five radio continuum sources are detected: VLA 1, VLA 2, VLA 3, Bc, and VLA 4. VLA 3 appears to be a radio jet; we detect J=1-0, v=0 SiO emission towards it, probably tracing the inner parts of a molecular outflow. The radio continuum source Bc, previously believed to be tracing an independent star, is found to exhibit important changes in total flux density, morphology, and position. These results suggest that source Bc is actually a radio Herbig-Haro object, one of the brightest known, powered by the VLA~3 jet source. VLA 4 is a new radio continuum component, located a few arcsec to the south of the group of previously known radio sources. Strong and broad (1,1) and (2,2) ammonia emission is detected from the region containing the radio sources VLA~1, VLA~2, and VLA~3. Finally, the 2-10 keV emission seen in the \emph{Chandra}/ACIS image shows two regions that could be the termination shocks of the outflows from the multiple sources observed in W75N.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figure