Desarrollo de un Robot de Rehabilitación pasiva para la articulación de la muñeca mediante la implementación de un microcontrolador Arduino UNO

In this paper, we develop a functional robotic prototype based on an Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller to perform rehabilitation exercises for wrist joint. The device can be used to assist the physiatrist to rehabilitate the tendinitis, synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis and for pre-operative and post-operative therapy of the wrist joint. During the design stage of the functional prototype, we take advantages of the industrial design process methodology from a concurrent engineering approach. We perform an anthropometric analysis of the Venezuelan population in order to establish the dimensions and angles of movements for the wrist joint. We develop conceptual designs by means of CAD taking into account different forms, geometries and materials of the components of the rehabilitation device. After that, principal stress and safety factors of each design concept are analysed through the use of CAE software based on the finite element method.In addition, we put forward a graphical user interface (GUI) for measuring, recording, and executing the different movements required during the rehabilitation therapy. Finally, we built an actual prototype able to help the rehabilitation of the wrist joint allowing the combination of dorsal-palmar flexion and ulnar-radial movements to recover the joint function of various pathologies for Venezuelan population.  En esta investigación se implementa un microcontrolador Arduino UNO R3 para controlar los movimientos de un prototipo funcional robótico desarrollado para realizar ejercicios de rehabilitación en la articulación de la muñeca. El dispositivo puede ser empleado para asistir al médico fisiatra para rehabilitar los cuadros de tendinitis, sinovitis, artritis reumatoidea. Además puede ser empleado para procesos de terapia pre y post operatoria de dicha articulación. Durante la etapa de diseño del prototipo funcional, se utilizó la metodología del proceso de diseño industrial desde enfoque de la ingeniería concurrente, mediante la cual se pudieron realizar estudios antropométricos relacionados con las dimensiones y ángulos de movimiento de la articulación de la muñeca en la población venezolana. A partir de la información recolectada se elabora la propuesta de diseño, y mediante programas CAD se definieron las diferentes formas, geometrías y materiales de los componentes del dispositivo de rehabilitación, que posteriormente fueron analizados mediante el método de elementos finitos para la determinación del estado tensional de esfuerzos y factores de seguridad mediante la utilización de programas CAE. Adicionalmente se desarrolla un software para la adquisición, registro, reproducción y ejecución de los diferentes movimientos producidos durante la realización de la terapia de rehabilitación. Finalmente se construye un dispositivo que permite ayudar al fisiatra en actividades de rehabilitación de la articulación de la muñeca permitiendo realizar la combinación de movimientos de flexión dorsal-palmar y cubital-radial para la recuperación de la funcionalidad de la articulación de diversas patologías presentadas en la población venezolana. &nbsp

Desarrollo de un Robot de Rehabilitación pasiva para la articulación de la muñeca mediante la implementación de un microcontrolador Arduino UNO

In this paper, we develop a functional robotic prototype based on an Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller to perform rehabilitation exercises for wrist joint. The device can be used to assist the physiatrist to rehabilitate the tendinitis, synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis and for pre-operative and post-operative therapy of the wrist joint. During the design stage of the functional prototype, we take advantages of the industrial design process methodology from a concurrent engineering approach. We perform an anthropometric analysis of the Venezuelan population in order to establish the dimensions and angles of movements for the wrist joint. We develop conceptual designs by means of CAD taking into account different forms, geometries and materials of the components of the rehabilitation device. After that, principal stress and safety factors of each design concept are analysed through the use of CAE software based on the finite element method.In addition, we put forward a graphical user interface (GUI) for measuring, recording, and executing the different movements required during the rehabilitation therapy. Finally, we built an actual prototype able to help the rehabilitation of the wrist joint allowing the combination of dorsal-palmar flexion and ulnar-radial movements to recover the joint function of various pathologies for Venezuelan population.  En esta investigación se implementa un microcontrolador Arduino UNO R3 para controlar los movimientos de un prototipo funcional robótico desarrollado para realizar ejercicios de rehabilitación en la articulación de la muñeca. El dispositivo puede ser empleado para asistir al médico fisiatra para rehabilitar los cuadros de tendinitis, sinovitis, artritis reumatoidea. Además puede ser empleado para procesos de terapia pre y post operatoria de dicha articulación. Durante la etapa de diseño del prototipo funcional, se utilizó la metodología del proceso de diseño industrial desde enfoque de la ingeniería concurrente, mediante la cual se pudieron realizar estudios antropométricos relacionados con las dimensiones y ángulos de movimiento de la articulación de la muñeca en la población venezolana. A partir de la información recolectada se elabora la propuesta de diseño, y mediante programas CAD se definieron las diferentes formas, geometrías y materiales de los componentes del dispositivo de rehabilitación, que posteriormente fueron analizados mediante el método de elementos finitos para la determinación del estado tensional de esfuerzos y factores de seguridad mediante la utilización de programas CAE. Adicionalmente se desarrolla un software para la adquisición, registro, reproducción y ejecución de los diferentes movimientos producidos durante la realización de la terapia de rehabilitación. Finalmente se construye un dispositivo que permite ayudar al fisiatra en actividades de rehabilitación de la articulación de la muñeca permitiendo realizar la combinación de movimientos de flexión dorsal-palmar y cubital-radial para la recuperación de la funcionalidad de la articulación de diversas patologías presentadas en la población venezolana. &nbsp

UNA MIRADA CRÍTICA A LA PEDAGOGÍA UNIVERSITARIA

A CRITICAL VIEW TO UNIVERSITY PEDAGOGYLa educación de la personalidad de las nuevas generaciones es el objetivo esencial de las universidades, quienes tienen el encargo social de formar con calidad a los futuros profesionales que harán avanzar la sociedad. Se hace necesario ver como una influencia importante, la dirección del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, ya que ello condiciona la valoración del quehacer pedagógico del profesor en el aula, garante primordial de dicho proceso, en el cual la clase es la forma de organización fundamental. Son exigencias de la clase contemporánea para la enseñanza universitaria los concernientes al protagonismo del estudiante en su variabilidad de búsqueda de información y generación de fuentes de conocimientos cada vez más actualizados y novedosos. Estos elementos hacen que el estudiante se convierta en un investigador de sus propios saberes y elabore sus proyectos de aprendizajes.PALABRAS CLAVE: Pedagogía; proceso pedagógico; Universidad.ABSTRACTThe education of the personality of the new generations is the target essential of them universities, who have the commissioned social of form with quality to them future professional that will make advance it society. Is makes necessary see as an influence important, the address of the process of teaching learning, since this conditions the valuation of the work pedagogical of the professor in the classroom, secured primary of said process, in which the class is the fundamental form of organization. This work is intended to assess the educational demands made to the teaching performance from the University and propose its reorganization, enrichment and adaptation to the conditions and characteristics of the contemporary University in the Ecuador. Are requirements of the class contemporary to the teaching University them concerning to the role of the student in its variability of search of information and generation of sources of knowledge each time more updated and novel. These elements make that the student will convert in a researcher of their own knowledge and develop their projects of learning.KEYWORDS: Pedagogy; educational process; University

Effects of external ventricular drainage decompression of intracranial hypertension on rebleeding of brain aneurysms: A fluid structure interaction study

Objectives: The treatment of hydrocephalus using external ventricular drainage (EVD) seems to favour rebleeding of an untreated ruptured aneurysm. FSI studies are valuable to study this environment. Patients and methods: From December 2014 to December 2017, 61 patients with SAH required EVD due to hydrocephalus, 6 patients had aneurysm rebleeding after the procedure. Two controls for each case was included. DSA studies were used for fluid–structure interaction simulations using two scenarios high ICP (5332 Pa) and low ICP (133 Pa). Results: Maximum displacement of the wall in HICP was 0.34 mm and 0.26 mm in rebleeding and no rebleeding cases respectively, after EVD (LICP), it was 0.36 mm and 0.27 mm. The difference after implantation of EVD (HICP-LICP) had an average of 0.01567 mm and 0.00683 mm in rebleeding and no rebleeding cases (p = 0.05). This measure in low shear areas of the aneurysm was 0.026 and 0.0065 mm in rebleeding and no rebleeding cases (p = 0.01). Effective stress in the HICP was 4.77 MPa and 3.26 MPa in rebleeding and no rebleeding cases (p = 0.25). In LICP condition, this measure was 2.28 MPa and 1.42 MPa respectively (p = 0.33). TAWSS had no significant differences in the conditions of HICP and LICP. Conclusion: Changes after EVD placement includes an increase in the wall displacement with greater differences over low shear areas, this had a strong association with rebleeding.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. POS-A/2013/161Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B 2016/047-0Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481D 2017/01

Molecular method for the characterization of Coxiella burnetii from clinical and environmental samples: variability of genotypes in Spain

BACKGROUND: Coxiella burnetii is a highly clonal microorganism which is difficult to culture, requiring BSL3 conditions for its propagation. This leads to a scarce availability of isolates worldwide. On the other hand, published methods of characterization have delineated up to 8 different genomic groups and 36 genotypes. However, all these methodologies, with the exception of one that exhibited limited discriminatory power (3 genotypes), rely on performing between 10 and 20 PCR amplifications or sequencing long fragments of DNA, which make their direct application to clinical samples impracticable and leads to a scarce accessibility of data on the circulation of C. burnetii genotypes. RESULTS: To assess the variability of this organism in Spain, we have developed a novel method that consists of a multiplex (8 targets) PCR and hybridization with specific probes that reproduce the previous classification of this organism into 8 genomic groups, and up to 16 genotypes. It allows for a direct characterization from clinical and environmental samples in a single run, which will help in the study of the different genotypes circulating in wild and domestic cycles as well as from sporadic human cases and outbreaks. The method has been validated with reference isolates. A high variability of C. burnetii has been found in Spain among 90 samples tested, detecting 10 different genotypes, being those adaA negative associated with acute Q fever cases presenting as fever of intermediate duration with liver involvement and with chronic cases. Genotypes infecting humans are also found in sheep, goats, rats, wild boar and ticks, and the only genotype found in cattle has never been found among our clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS: This newly developed methodology has permitted to demonstrate that C. burnetii is highly variable in Spain. With the data presented here, cattle seem not to participate in the transmission of C. burnetii to humans in the samples studied, while sheep, goats, wild boar, rats and ticks share genotypes with the human population

IEOOS, the Spanish Institute of Oceanography integrated ocean Observing System

Since its foundation, 100 years ago, the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) has been observing and measuring the ocean characteristics. Some systems like the tide gauges network has been working for more than 60 years. The IEO standard sections began at different moments depending on the local projects, and nowadays there are XXX coastal stations and XXX deep ones that are systematically sampled, taking physical as well as biochemical measurements. At this moment, the IEO Observing System (IEOOS) includes 4 permanent moorings equipped with currentmeters, an open-sea ocean-meteorological buoy offshore Santander and an SST satellital image reception station. It also supports the Spanish contribution to the ARGO international program with 47 deployed profilers, and continuous monitoring thermosalinometers, meteorological stations and ADCP installed on the IEO research vessels. All these networks are linked to international iniciatives like SeaDataNet, Emodnet, IbiROOS and MONGOOS. The system is completed with the IEO contribution to the RAIA and Gibraltar observatories, and the development of regional prediction models. All these systematic measurements allow IEO to give responses to ocean research activities, official agencies requirements and industrial and main society demands

MYC dosage compensation is mediated by miRNA-transcription factor interactions in aneuploid cancer

We hypothesize that dosage compensation of critical genes arises from systems- level properties for cancer cells to withstand the negative effects of aneuploidy. We identified several candidate genes in cancer multiomics data and developed a biocomputational platform to construct a mathematical model of their interac- tion network with micro-RNAs and transcription factors, where the property of dosage compensation emerged for MYC and was dependent on the kinetic pa- rameters of its feedback interactions with three micro-RNAs. These circuits were experimentally validated using a genetic tug-of-war technique to overex- press an exogenous MYC, leading to overexpression of the three microRNAs involved and downregulation of endogenous MYC. In addition, MYC overexpres- sion or inhibition of its compensating miRNAs led to dosage-dependent cytotoxicity in MYC-amplified colon cancer cells. Finally, we identified negative correlation of MYC dosage compensation with patient survival in TCGA breast cancer patients, highlighting the potential of this mechanism to prevent aneu- ploid cancer progression.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Salud::Maestría Académica en Bioinformática y Biología de SistemasUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ingeniería::Facultad de Ingeniería::Escuela de Ciencias de la Computación e InformáticaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ingeniería::Facultad de Ingeniería::Escuela de Ingeniería EléctricaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docenci

IEOOS: the Spanish Institute of Oceanography Observing System

En prens

Long-term care facilities (LTCF) for the elderly: the surveillance of communicable diseases as part of health care and protection

[ES] Durante las últimas décadas la asistencia sanitaria ha sufrido importantes cambios. La mayor esperanza de vida ha dado lugar a un envejecimiento de la población que, según las Naciones Unidas, está a punto de convertirse en una de las más importantes transformaciones sociales del siglo XXI. A nivel mundial, había 727 millones de personas de 65 años o más en 2020 (un 9,3% de la población total) y se estima que aumente al 16% en 2050 . En la Unión Europea (UE), el porcentaje de población de 65 años o más se ha incrementado de un 9,6% en 1960 a un 20,3% en 2019 y se proyecta que aumente a un 31,3% para 2100. Asistimos además a un proceso de envejecimiento de la población mayor, con una proporción de personas muy mayores (aquellas de 80 años y más) en la población total de la Unión Europea del 5,8% en 2019 . España es uno de los países con una mayor proporción de personas mayores, con un porcentaje de ciudadanos de 65 años o más en 2020 del 19,6% del total de la población, y con una proyección del 26,5% para 2035. Casi un tercio de esta población (6%) tienen 80 años o más. [EN] During the last decades, healthcare has undergone important changes. Increased life expectancy has given rise to an aging population that, according to the United Nations, is about to become one of the most important social transformations of the 21st century. Globally, there were 727 million people aged 65 or over in 2020 (9.3% of the total population) and this is estimated to increase to 16% by 2050 . In the European Union (EU), the percentage of the population aged 65 or over has increased from 9.6% in 1960 to 20.3% in 2019 and is projected to increase to 31.3% by 2100. We are also witnessing a process of aging of the elderly population, with a proportion of very old people (those aged 80 and over) in the total population of the European Union of 5.8% in 2019 . Spain is one of the countries with the highest proportion of older people, with a percentage of citizens aged 65 or over in 2020 of 19.6% of the total population, and with a projection of 26.5% for 2035. Almost a third of this population (6%) are 80 years or older.S

Responsabilidad social empresarial : decisiones, reflexiones y casos de estudio

Esta obra es resultado del esfuerzo conjunto realizado por miembros de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Casos (ALAC), el Centro Internacional de Casos del Tecnológico de Monterrey (México) y la Universidad del Norte (Colombia). Contiene una selección de trabajos que versan sobre la problemática de la responsabilidad social empresarial en América Latina, la visión de la cultura y el devenir histórico acerca de este tema y una serie de casos que, sin lugar a dudas, se constituyen en un aporte significativo a los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje respecto a la ética empresarial y la responsabilidad social