La voce dell'a tore Teorie e tecniche (II parte)

Sin resume

Renaissances de la tragédie. La Poétique d’Aristote et le genre tragique, de l’Antiquité à l’époque contemporaine

Les études de ce volume proposent une réflexion sur la tragédie dans ses rapports avec la Poétique d’Aristote, de l’Antiquité à l’époque moderne et contemporaine. Une telle problématique, qui confronte la tragédie à l’oeuvre aristotélicienne, n’a pas été souvent étudiée, a fortiori dans la perspective interdisciplinaire et trans-historique proposée ici, réunissant des spécialistes de domaines et de méthodes divers. Par cette confrontation, on a cherché à mesurer l’écart entre la Poétique et les différentes tragédies grecques, et ainsi à mieux comprendre la nature même de la Poétique. En outre, la mise en relation, à l’intérieur du système aristotélicien, de la tragédie avec les beaux-arts, en particulier la peinture et la musique, permet de mesurer la place et le rôle de la tragédie dans l’esthétique aristotélicienne ainsi que dans la vaste question du théâtre. De la tragédie grecque, d’origine essentiellement athénienne, on ne saurait compter les renaissances, à Rome et à Byzance, dans l’Europe littéraire de l’âge humaniste et classique, jusqu’à l’ère la plus contemporaine. On a interrogé cette étonnante et incessante force de transmission et de recréation du genre tragique, à partir de la tradition du texte aristotélicien et des différentes stratégies qu’il suscite — traduction, imitation, commentaire, surédification et distorsion. En reprenant à nouveaux frais le chantier d’étude philosophique, philologique et esthétique du texte de la Poétique, on a souhaité contribuer à la compréhension de l’un des genres les plus essentiels de la culture humaine et de sa pérenne modernité

Artificial Intelligence in Hypertension Management: An Ace up Your Sleeve

Arterial hypertension (AH) is a progressive issue that grows in importance with the increased average age of the world population. The potential role of artificial intelligence (AI) in its prevention and treatment is firmly recognized. Indeed, AI application allows personalized medicine and tailored treatment for each patient. Specifically, this article reviews the benefits of AI in AH management, pointing out diagnostic and therapeutic improvements without ignoring the limitations of this innovative scientific approach. Consequently, we conducted a detailed search on AI applications in AH: the articles (quantitative and qualitative) reviewed in this paper were obtained by searching journal databases such as PubMed and subject-specific professional websites, including Google Scholar. The search terms included artificial intelligence, artificial neural network, deep learning, machine learning, big data, arterial hypertension, blood pressure, blood pressure measurement, cardiovascular disease, and personalized medicine. Specifically, AI-based systems could help continuously monitor BP using wearable technologies; in particular, BP can be estimated from a photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal obtained from a smartphone or a smartwatch using DL. Furthermore, thanks to ML algorithms, it is possible to identify new hypertension genes for the early diagnosis of AH and the prevention of complications. Moreover, integrating AI with omics-based technologies will lead to the definition of the trajectory of the hypertensive patient and the use of the most appropriate drug. However, AI is not free from technical issues and biases, such as over/underfitting, the “black-box” nature of many ML algorithms, and patient data privacy. In conclusion, AI-based systems will change clinical practice for AH by identifying patient trajectories for new, personalized care plans and predicting patients’ risks and necessary therapy adjustments due to changes in disease progression and/or therapy response

Effectiveness of home-based preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients undergoing lung cancer resection

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of a home-based preoperative rehabilitation program for improving preoperative lung function and surgical outcome of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing lobectomy for cancer. Methods: This was a prospective, observational, single-center study including 59 patients with mild COPD who underwent lobectomy for lung cancer. All patients attended a home-based preoperative rehabilitation program including a minimum of 3 sessions each week for 4 weeks. Each session included aerobic and anaerobic exercises. Participants recorded the frequency and the duration of exercise performed in a diary. The primary end point was to evaluate changes in lung function including predicted postoperative (PPO) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), 6-minute walking distance test (6MWD), PPO diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) %, and blood gas analysis values before and after the rehabilitation program. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded and multivariable analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors (secondary end point). Results: All patients completed the 4-week rehabilitation program. Thirteen of 59 (22%) patients (Group A) performed <3 sessions per week (mean sessions per week: 2.3±1.3); 46 of 59 (78%) patients (Group B) performed ⩾3 sessions per week (mean sessions per week: 3.5±1.6). The comparison of PPO FEV1% and 6MWD before and after rehabilitation showed a significant improvement only in Group B. No significant changes in PPO DLCO% or in blood gas analysis values were seen. Nine patients presented postoperative pulmonary complications, including atelectasis (n = 6), pneumonia (n = 1), respiratory failure (n = 1), and pulmonary embolism (n = 1). Group A presented higher number of postoperative pulmonary complications than Group B (6 vs 3; p = 0.0005). Multivariate analysis showed that the number of weekly rehabilitation sessions was the only independent predictive factor (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Our simple and low-cost rehabilitation program could improve preoperative clinical function in patients with mild to moderate COPD undergoing lobectomy and reduce postoperative pulmonary complications. All patients should be motivated to complete at least 3 rehabilitation sessions per week in order to obtain significant clinical benefits. Our preliminary results should be confirmed by larger prospective studies