La fractura de tobillo en el adulto: resultados clínico-radiológicos

En el presente trabajo se presenta una revisión retrospectiva de 207 fracturas de tobillo en el adulto tratadas quirúrgicamente en el hospital de Cabueñes de Gijón, entre los años 1986 y 1993. Fueron clasificadas siguiendo los criterios AO, con un seguimiento medio de 10 meses. La valoración de los resultados se realizó utilizando criterios clínico-funcionales y radiológicos, registrándose un 79% de excelentes y buenos resultados clínicos, y un 7% de reducciones no satisfactorias, presentando estas reducciones no satisfactorias una significación estadística (p< 0,01) en las fracturas Tipo C respecto a los otros dos tipos (A y B), y encontrándose variaciones estadísticas respecto al momento en que se realiza la cirugía, con una mayor proporción de resultados excelentes en aquellas fracturas tratadas de precozmente frente a las que lo fueron de forma diferida (p< 0,001).The present work shows a retrospective review of 207 adult ankle fractures operated on the Cabueñes's Hospital of Gijon from 1986 to 1993 with an average of follow-up of 19 months. They were classified according to AO criteria. The assessment of results was based on clinical functional and radiological criteria, recording 79% of excelent and good clinical results, and 7% of no satisfactory reductions. Cases with no satisfactory reductions showed statistical significance (p< 0.01) in the type C respect to the other two types (A y B). Then were also statistical differences with respect to the delay of surgery, with a higher rate of excelent results in the fractures treated early than the fractures treated with delay (p< 0.001

Valor del seguimiento densitométrico en la evaluación de una prótesis total de cadera

En este estudio se ha revisado la evolución clínica, radiográfica y densitométrica de 30 Prótesis Totales de Cadera modelo Bihapro, con recubrimiento de Hidroxiapatita. Se han presentado complicaciones clínicas en 3 casos (10%). La evolución ha sido de incremento de la densidad alrededor de la prótesis en el 97% de los casos. El aumento medio de densidad fue de 1 a 1,3 (cociente hueso periprotésico/hueso normal) en el cotilo y de 1,4 a 1,5 en la zona metafisaria (áreas 1 y 7 de Gruen) del fémur. Los resultados clínicos, radiográficos y densitométricos (Sistema CADIA) han sido coincidentes en el 97% de los casos.In this study we have reviewed the clinical, radiographical and densitometric follow-up of 30 Bihapro® total hip hydroxyapatite-coated arthroplasties. There were complications in 3 cases (10%). Densitometric results showed an increase of bone density around the prosthesis in 97% of cases. The average increase in bone denstiy (periprosthetic/normal bone ratio) varied from 1 to 1.3 in the acetabulum and from 1.4 to 1.5 in the metaphysial area of the femur (Gruen's zones 1 and 7). Clinical, radiographical and densitometric results (CADIA System) exhibited a foot correlation in 97% of cases

Biosynthesis of antioxidant xanthan gum by Xanthomonas campestris using substrates added with moist olive pomace

Moist olive pomace (MOP) is a high moisture content by-product of the olive oil industry. Managing this recalcitrant residue (transport, storage, and drying) is a priority demanding investment in finding alternative valorisation routes. In this context, the biosynthesis of xanthan gum (XG) incorporating MOP in the substrate (0.0 %, 5.0 %, 10.0 %, 15.0 %, 20.0 %, 25.0 %, 30.0 % and 50.0 %) to induce bacterial stress was attempted. XG biosynthesis yield was quantified, and the product was characterised by structural analysis (FTIR), thermal behaviour (TG), rheology and antioxidant capacity. Relative to the control (sample with no added MOP), a significant increase in XG biosynthesis was found for concentrations up to 30.0 % MOP. In particular, for XG produced with 15 % MOP, a 50.91 % (p < 0.0001) increase was achieved, together with 395.78 % for viscosity. In general, XG produced with MOP presence showed antioxidant activity, a value-added property, especially for applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic areas. The results indicated that the stress imposed by the MOP induced a microbial response leading to XG production increase, structural and viscosity modifications, and antioxidant properties incorporation. Overall, this work points out a new MOP application contributing to the sustainability of the olive oil productive chain from a biobased circular economy perspective.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020), and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2021). Project OleaChain “Skills for sustainability and innovation in the value chain of traditional olive groves in the Northern Inland of Portugal” (NORTE-06-3559-FSE-000188) for P.J.L. Crugeira and A.I.G. Rodrigues contracts. FCT for the PhD research grant of H.H.S. Almeida (SFRH/BD/148124/2019). National funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program contract of A. Santamaria-Echart.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mitochondrial cristae-remodeling protein OPA1 in POMC neurons couples Ca2+ homeostasis with adipose tissue lipolysis

Appropriate cristae remodeling is a determinant of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics and thus represents a crucial process for cellular metabolic adaptations. Here, we show that mitochondrial cristae architecture and expression of the master cristae-remodeling protein OPA1 in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, which are key metabolic sensors implicated in energy balance control, is affected by fluctuations in nutrient availability. Genetic inactivation of OPA1 in POMC neurons causes dramatic alterations in cristae topology, mitochondrial Ca2+ handling, reduction in alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in target areas, hyperphagia, and attenuated white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis resulting in obesity. Pharmacological blockade of mitochondrial Ca2+ influx restores α-MSH and the lipolytic program, while improving the metabolic defects of mutant mice. Chemogenetic manipulation of POMC neurons confirms a role in lipolysis control. Our results unveil a novel axis that connects OPA1 in POMC neurons with mitochondrial cristae, Ca2+ homeostasis, and WAT lipolysis in the regulation of energy balance

A barrier to homologous recombination between sympatric strains of the cooperative soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus

The bacterium Myxococcus xanthus glides through soil in search of prey microbes, but when food sources run out, cells cooperatively construct and sporulate within multicellular fruiting bodies. M. xanthus strains isolated from a 16 × 16-cm-scale patch of soil were previously shown to have diversified into many distinct compatibility types that are distinguished by the failure of swarming colonies to merge upon encounter. We sequenced the genomes of 22 isolates from this population belonging to the two most frequently occurring multilocus sequence type (MLST) clades to trace patterns of incipient genomic divergence, specifically related to social divergence. Although homologous recombination occurs frequently within the two MLST clades, we find an almost complete absence of recombination events between them. As the two clades are very closely related and live in sympatry, either ecological or genetic barriers must reduce genetic exchange between them. We find that the rate of change in the accessory genome is greater than the rate of amino-acid substitution in the core genome. We identify a large genomic tract that consistently differs between isolates that do not freely merge and therefore is a candidate region for harbouring gene(s) responsible for self/non-self discrimination

Killing by type VI secretion drives genetic phase separation and correlates with increased cooperation

By nature of their small size, dense growth and frequent need for extracellular metabolism, microbes face persistent public goods dilemmas. Genetic assortment is the only general solution stabilizing cooperation, but all known mechanisms structuring microbial populations depend on the availability of free space, an often unrealistic constraint. Here we describe a class of self-organization that operates within densely packed bacterial populations. Through mathematical modelling and experiments with Vibrio cholerae, we show how killing adjacent competitors via the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) precipitates phase separation via the ‘Model A' universality class of order-disorder transition mediated by killing. We mathematically demonstrate that T6SS-mediated killing should favour the evolution of public goods cooperation, and empirically support this prediction using a phylogenetic comparative analysis. This work illustrates the twin role played by the T6SS, dealing death to local competitors while simultaneously creating conditions potentially favouring the evolution of cooperation with kin

Rapid and widespread de novo evolution of kin discrimination

Diverse forms of kin discrimination, broadly defined as alteration of social behavior as a function of genetic relatedness among interactants, are common among social organisms from microbes to humans. However, the evolutionary origins and causes of kin-discriminatory behavior remain largely obscure. One form of kin discrimination observed in microbes is the failure of genetically distinct colonies to merge freely upon encounter. Here, we first use natural isolates of the highly social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus to show that colony-merger incompatibilities can be strong barriers to social interaction, particularly by reducing chimerism in multicellular fruiting bodies that develop near colony-territory borders. We then use experimental laboratory populations to test hypotheses regarding the evolutionary origins of kin discrimination. We show that the generic process of adaptation, irrespective of selective environment, is sufficient to repeatedly generate kin-discriminatory behaviors between evolved populations and their common ancestor. Further, we find that kin discrimination pervasively evolves indirectly between allopatric replicate populations that adapt to the same ecological habitat and that this occurs generically in many distinct habitats. Patterns of interpopulation discrimination imply that kin discrimination phenotypes evolved via many diverse genetic mechanisms and mutation-accumulation patterns support this inference. Strong incompatibility phenotypes emerged abruptly in some populations but strengthened gradually in others. The indirect evolution of kin discrimination in an asexual microbe is analogous to the indirect evolution of reproductive incompatibility in sexual eukaryotes and linguistic incompatibility among human cultures, the commonality being indirect, noncoordinated divergence of complex systems evolving in isolation