O pastoreio em áreas de carvalhal. Um ensaio na Serra de Nogueira

O presente trabalho visa o estudo da utilização das áreas de carvalhal para o pastoreio. Sendo o fogo tradicionalmente usado pelos pastores da região c sendo o gado ovino o mais abundante, os ensaios efectuados procuraram criar situações que pudessem ser mais facilmente assimiladas e reproduzidas em larga escala, pelo que a combinação fogo controlado de Inverno- pastoreio com ovinos foi seleccionada. Os ensaios decorreram na Serra da Nogueira, num povoamento de Quercus pyrenaica em cujo sub-bosque dominavam a sua própria regeneração natural , a giesta (Cytisus scoparius) e gramíneas (Agrostis curtisii, etc.) tendo consistido num pastoreio de duas áreas, uma testemunha e outra submetida a fogos controlados. A disponiblidade de alimento num sub-bosque típico de carvalhal não é negligenciável (3.59 ton. M.S./ha), por outro lado na zona regularmente tratada com fogo controlado a disponibilidade total de alimento foi menor (2.89 ton. M.S./ha), mas a percentagem de folhas de carvalho desceu para cerca de 40% enquanto que as gramíneas c as folhas de outras arbustivas aumentaram significativamente. Estes dois tipos de alimentos, juntamente com as folhas e raminhos de giesta, apresentarem os maiores índices de preferência, poderemos concluir pelo interesse da utilização do fogo controlado na gestão dos carvalhais com o objectivo do pastoreio por ovinos

Lack of Association between Serum Serotonin, Eating Patterns, and Depression in Obese Women

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the association between circulating serotonin concentrations, depressive symptoms, and dietary patterns in obese women. Methods: We studied 47 patients using the Beck Depression Scale, the 24-hour food registry, biochemical tests, and serum serotonin levels by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The mean age of patients was 41.0 ± 10.0 years and their body mass index (BMI) was 36.9 ± 6.2 kg/m2. Depression was present in 34.0% of patients. There were no significant differences in serum serotonin concentrations between patients with or without depression (156.4 ± 63.5 vs. 147.7 ± 71.2 ng/mL; p = 0.357). The percentage of patients with abnormal serum serotonin concentrations and the presence of depression according to the degree of obesity were as follows: Class I 56.5% and 30.4%, Class II 54.5% and 36.5%, Class III 38.5% and 38.5%; p = .5 and p = .9, respectively). There were no significant correlations between serum serotonin concentrations and eating patterns related to calorie intake (r = 0.09, p = 0.5), carbohydrate intake (r = 0.03, p = 0.8), fat intake (r = 0.1, p = 0.2), or protein intake (r = 0.24, p = 0.09). Conclusion: We found that in adult women with obesity, there were no relationships between serum serotonin and nutrient intake, the presence of depression, or obesity severity

The effects of supplementation with sunflower and soybean oils on the fatty acid profile of milk fat from grazing dairy cows

Copyright © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2005.The objective of this study was to observe the effect of supplementation with vegetable oils (VO) on the fatty acid profiles and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk fat. Twelve dairy cows in mid lactation fed on pasture were blocked by body weight, milk production and days in lactation and randomly allocated from blocks to 3 treatments repeated in a Latin square design with periods of 28 day duration. The treatments were as follows: cows on pasture supplemented with 5 kg concentrate per head per day (C), supplemented with 4.5 kg concentrate + 0.5 kg sunflower oil per head per day (SFO) and supplemented with 4.5 kg concentrate + 0.5 kg soybean oil per head per day (SBO). The animals were grazed as a group and were stocked at 2.5 heads per hectare. The treatments had no effect on milk yield or protein yield and content, but decreased milk fat yield and content (P < 0.05). Milk fat from the cows supplemented with VO had a lower concentration of short and medium chain fatty acids (P < 0.05) and a higher concentration of long chain fatty acids (P < 0.05). The addition of VO to the diet also resulted in a reduction in saturated and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids of milk fat (P < 0.05). The hypercholesterolemic fatty acids in milk fat (i.e. C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0) decreased while the concentration of oleic and linoleic acids increased with VO (P < 0.05). There was no effect on linolenic acid. Finally, the inclusion of VO in the diet increased (P < 0.05) the contents in milk fat of the various cis/trans isomers of oleic acid (including trans-vacenic, TVA) and of CLA which increased by 61%

Effect of diet on the fatty acid pattern of milk from dairy cows

Copyright © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2004.Twelve dairy cows 130 days in milk were sorted by milk production and body weight and assigned to three feeding regimens in a 3 × 3 Latin-square design, in order to study the effects of diet on milk fatty acid (FA) composition. The cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) consisting of corn silage (60%) and concentrate (40%) on dry matter basis, or grazed pasture, without (P) or with 5 kg•d-1 concentrate as a supplement (SP). Supplemented grazing dairy cows produced significantly more milk than the cows on the TMR and P diets (P < 0.05). The supplementation of grazing dairy cows with a low fat concentrate did not significantly affect the milk fat FA profile. The pasture diet, with a supplement or not, decreased the concentration of saturated FA (P < 0.05) and increased the concentration of unsaturated FA (P < 0.05), of milk fat as compared to the TMR diet. The reduction in medium-chain FA was offset in large part by increases in long-chain FA (mainly oleic acid). The concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (P < 0.05) and trans-vaccenic acid were higher (P < 0.05) in the milk fat from the grazing cows. The results showed substantial variation among individual cows within treatments on milk fat content of CLA. Significant correlations were found for individual cow's milk fat CLA content across diets. Overall, this study indicates that the concentration of CLA in milk fat is enhanced by the dietary intake of pasture and that moderate low fat concentrate supplementation of grazing dairy cows increases performance without compromising the FA profile of milk fat

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen: Case report

La transformación nodular angiomatoide esclerosante (SANT) es una rara patología vascular benigna primaria del bazo. La mayoría de personas son asintomáticos, constituyendo hallazgos incidentales en los estudios radiológicos. El diagnóstico definitivo es a través de la anatomopatología. La esplenectomía es el tratamiento de elección. Presentamos un caso de SANT que apareció como un hallazgo incidental de una masa esplénica al realizar una Tomografía computarizada.Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is a rare primary benign vascular pathology of the spleen. Most people are asymptomatic, constituting incidental findings in radiological studies. The definitive diagnosis isthrough anatomopathology. Splenectomy is the treatment of choice

Valor de la cervicometría como predictor de prematuridad en gestantes de bajo riesgo. 2011-2014

Introducción: La longitud cervical ha demostrado tener mejor valor predictivo para parto prematuro en todas las poblaciones estudiadas, incluso en mujeres asintomáticas. Objetivo: Caracterizar las embarazadas con bajo riesgo de parto pretérmino según cervicometría. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal. Resultados: El 44,4 % de las pacientes con cérvix corto en la exploración no desarrollaron prematuridad, con una sensibilidad de 76,92% y una especificidad del 91,49 %, mientras que en la mayoría de las gestantes no se observó el acortamiento cervical, lo que constituye el 99 % de la casuística. Conclusiones: Un 4% de las gestantes sin riesgo para prematuridad presentaron un parto pretérmino con cervicometría de menos de 25 mm. La complicación neonatal más frecuente fue el distrés transitorio seguido de la infección para los recién nacidos antes del término.ABSTRACTIntroduction: The cervical longitude has demonstrated to have better predictive value for premature childbirth in all the studied populations, even in asymptomatic women. Objective: To characterize the pregnant with low risk of preterm childbirth according to cervixmetry. Material and method: A descriptive, retrospective of traverse court study was carried out. Results: 44,4% of the patients with short cervix in the exploration didn't develop preterm childbirth, with a sensibility of 76,92% and a specificity of 91,49%, while in most of the gestating the cervical reduction was not observed, what constitutes 99% of the casuistry. Conclusions: 4% of the gestating ones without risk for prematurity presented a preterm childbirth with cervixmetry of less than 25 mm. The more frequent neonatal complication was the transitory distress followed by the infection for the newly born before the term

Effects of grass silage and soybean meal supplementation on milk production and milk fatty acid profiles of grazing dairy cows

Copyright © American Dairy Science Association, 2008.The effects of supplementation with grass silage and replacement of some corn in the concentrate with soybean meal (SBM) on milk production, and milk fatty acid (FA) profiles were evaluated in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square study using 16 dairy cows grazing pasture composed of ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and white clover. Each experimental period lasted for 3 wk. The 4 dietary treatments were PC, 20 h of access to grazing pasture, supplemented with 6 kg/d of corn-based concentrate mixture (96% corn; C); PCSB, 20 h of access to grazing pasture, supplemented with 6 kg/d of corn- and SBM-based concentrate mixture (78% corn and 18% SBM; CSB); SC, 7 h of access to grazing pasture during the day and 13 h of ad libitum access to grass silage at night, supplemented with 6 kg/d of C concentrate; and SCSB, 7 h of access to grazing pasture during the day and 13 h of ad libitum access to grass silage at night, supplemented with 6 kg/d of CSB concentrate. The concentrate mixtures were offered twice each day in the milking parlor and were consumed completely. Grass silage supplementation reduced dietary crude protein and concentration of total sugars, and dietary SBM inclusion increased dietary crude protein concentration and decreased dietary starch concentration. Milk yield and energy-corrected milk were increased by SBM supplementation of cows with access to grass silage. Milk protein concentration was lower in cows offered grass silage, regardless of whether SBM was fed. Dietary SBM inclusion tended to increase milk fat concentration. Plasma urea N was reduced by silage feeding and increased by SBM supplementation. Supplementation with grass silage overnight could represent a useful strategy for periods of lower pasture availability. Dietary inclusion of SBM in solely grazing cows had no effects on milk production and composition, exacerbated the inefficient capture of dietary N, and increased diet cost. Grass silage supplementation affected milk FA profiles, increasing both the FA derived from de novo synthesis and those derived from rumen microbial biomass, and decreasing the sum of C18 FA (mostly derived from diet or from mobilization of adipose tissue reserves). Milk fat concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid cis-9, trans-11, vaccenic acid (18:1 trans-11), and linolenic acid (18:3n-3) were unaffected by grass silage supplementation, suggesting that partial replacement of pasture by unwilted grass silage does not compromise the dietary quality of milk fat for humans

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p&lt;0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (&lt;1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (&lt;1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline