A Comparison of Rubrics in Boger Boenninghausen Characteristics and Repertory with the Rubrics of Repertory of Hemorrhoids by W.M.J Guernsey in Hemorrhoids

INTRODUCTION: This study was aimed in understanding the comparison of rubrics in boger boenninghausen characteristic repertory with the rubrics of repertory of hemorrhoids by w.m.j guernsey in hemorrhoids Hemorrhoid is a life disturbing disease which affects all age group but especially more in adults. Due to low fibre diet, strainning while passing stool and prolonged sitting while passing stool these are identified as the common cause of hemorrhoids. Apart from this females are prone to suffer from hemorrhoids after preganancy. Homoeopathy being a hoilistic system of medicine which is most economical, has a major role in individuals suffering from Hemorrhoids and can able to reduce the rate of surgery and helpful for preventing the complications of surgery and also recurrence. METHODS: The present study with sample of 30 cases and age group of 18-65 years suffering from hemorrhoidal pain were selected from OPD/IPD and rural centres of Sarada krishna Homoeopathic medical college & Hospital. Thirty cases of adults presenting with complaints of Hemorrhoids were Randomly selected and were analaysed for disease intensity according to colorectal Evaluation of clinical Therapeutics scale (CORECTS) and History was taken as per the case performa. Case were followed for a period of 6 months. Observations were recorded and pain before and after treatment were evaluated based on scoring criteria RESULTS: Thirty cases were analysed.After 6 months of treatment there is a significant difference in symptom. Sulphur & nuxvomica was the remedy which was most used and potency was 200. occupation in which people who have to sit for prolonged periods are at risk of developing hemorrhoids. Case score was analysed before and after treatment which shows 23 cases of marked impovement and 5 cases of moderate improvement and 2 cases of mild improvement. CONCLUSION: Based on the result of study it is evident that Homoeopathic medicine are very effective in treatment of Hemorrhoids in adults and are capable of reducing the recurrenc

Early life child micronutrient status, maternal reasoning, and a nurturing household environment have persistent influences on child cognitive development at age 5 years: Results from MAL-ED

Background: Child cognitive development is influenced by early-life insults and protective factors. To what extent these factors have a long-term legacy on child development and hence fulfillment of cognitive potential is unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between early-life factors (birth to 2 y) and cognitive development at 5 y. Methods: Observational follow-up visits were made of children at 5 y, previously enrolled in the community-based MAL-ED longitudinal cohort. The burden of enteropathogens, prevalence of illness, complementary diet intake, micronutrient status, and household and maternal factors from birth to 2 y were extensively measured and their relation with the Wechsler Preschool Primary Scales of Intelligence at 5 y was examined through use of linear regression. Results: Cognitive T-scores from 813 of 1198 (68%) children were examined and 5 variables had significant associations in multivariable models: mean child plasma transferrin receptor concentration (β: −1.81, 95% CI: −2.75, −0.86), number of years of maternal education (β: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.45), maternal cognitive reasoning score (β: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.15), household assets score (β: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.04), and HOME child cleanliness factor (β: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.15). In multivariable models, the mean rate of enteropathogen detections, burden of illness, and complementary food intakes between birth and 2 y were not significantly related to 5-y cognition. Conclusions: A nurturing home context in terms of a healthy/clean environment and household wealth, provision of adequate micronutrients, maternal education, and cognitive reasoning have a strong and persistent influence on child cognitive development. Efforts addressing aspects of poverty around micronutrient status, nurturing caregiving, and enabling home environments are likely to have lasting positive impacts on child cognitive development.publishedVersio

Early Life Child Micronutrient Status, Maternal Reasoning, and a Nurturing Household Environment have Persistent Influences on Child Cognitive Development at Age 5 years : Results from MAL-ED

Funding Information: The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the NIH, and the National Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Center. This work was also supported by the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health (D43-TW009359 to ETR). Author disclosures: BJJM, SAR, LEC, LLP, JCS, BK, RR, RS, ES, LB, ZR, AM, RS, BN, SH, MR, RO, ETR, and LEM-K, no conflicts of interest. Supplemental Tables 1–5 and Supplemental Figures 1–3 are available from the “Supplementary data” link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at https://academic.oup.com/jn/. Address correspondence to LEM-K (e-mail: [email protected]). Abbreviations used: HOME, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment inventory; MAL-ED, The Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project; TfR, transferrin receptor; WPPSI, Wechsler Preschool Primary Scales of Intelligence.Peer reviewe

An Automatic Screening Method To Detect Optic Disc

ABSTRACT The location of Optic Disc (OD) is of critical importance in retinal image analysis. This research paper carries out a new automated methodology to detect the optic disc (OD) in retinal images. OD detection helps the ophthalmologists to find whether the patient is affected by diabetic retinopathy or not. The proposed technique is to use line operator which gives higher percentage of detection than the already existing methods. The purpose of this project is to automatically detect the position of the OD in digital retinal fundus images. The method starts with converting the RGB image input into its LAB component. This image is smoothed using bilateral smoothing filter. Further, filtering is carried out using line operator. After which gray orientation and binary map orientation is carried out and then with the use of the resulting maximum image variation the area of the presence of the OD is found. The portions othe

Fat embolism syndrome

Fat embolism syndrome is an often overlooked cause of breathlessness in trauma wards. Presenting in a wide range of clinical signs of varying severity, fat embolism is usually diagnosed by a physician who keeps a high degree of suspicion. The clinical background, chronology of symptoms and corroborative laboratory findings are instrumental in a diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome. There are a few diagnostic criteria which are helpful in making a diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome. Management is mainly prevention of fat embolism syndrome, and organ supportive care. Except in fulminant fat embolism syndrome, the prognosis is usually good

What Are the Consequences of Livelihood Diversification, and What Solutions are Suggested? Findings from Tamil Nadu, India

Agriculture is one of the major sectors affected by climate change, and farmers are having to adapt rapidly to overcome the risks. However, farmers face many struggles because of lack of awareness and experience of new methods. Understanding farmers’ constraints and adaptation strategies is very important for the implementation of adequate policies for agricultural and food security. Hence, this research aims to investigate the consequences faced by farmers due to livelihood diversification and suggestions to overcome. Data were collected from 240 respondents in Tamil Nadu, India by a thorough survey method with the help of a pretested, well-structured interview schedule. Percentage analysis is an appropriate method that gives answers to how many respondents give a particular response. The Garratt ranking technique was used to study the preferences and change in priority of consequences encountered by farmers–and the potential advantages–into numerical scores. The Z test was used to determine whether two population means are different with the same variance. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. The results show that the majority of farmers reported concerns regarding constraints such as lack of previous experience, poor family support, and involvement of risk factors. The survey reveals that Tamil Nadu farmers suggested the conducting of specific training, encouraging livestock management and providing subsidies for agricultural and allied enterprise development as strategies to overcome the constraints of livelihood diversification. The Z test results indicated that there is a difference between irrigated and nonirrigated farms with respect to farmers’ age, educational status, level of income, occupation, and awareness of climate change. The suggestions offered help policymakers develop suitable policies

What Are the Consequences of Livelihood Diversification, and What Solutions are Suggested? Findings from Tamil Nadu, India

Agriculture is one of the major sectors affected by climate change, and farmers are having to adapt rapidly to overcome the risks. However, farmers face many struggles because of lack of awareness and experience of new methods. Understanding farmers’ constraints and adaptation strategies is very important for the implementation of adequate policies for agricultural and food security. Hence, this research aims to investigate the consequences faced by farmers due to livelihood diversification and suggestions to overcome. Data were collected from 240 respondents in Tamil Nadu, India by a thorough survey method with the help of a pretested, well-structured interview schedule. Percentage analysis is an appropriate method that gives answers to how many respondents give a particular response. The Garratt ranking technique was used to study the preferences and change in priority of consequences encountered by farmers–and the potential advantages–into numerical scores. The Z test was used to determine whether two population means are different with the same variance. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. The results show that the majority of farmers reported concerns regarding constraints such as lack of previous experience, poor family support, and involvement of risk factors. The survey reveals that Tamil Nadu farmers suggested the conducting of specific training, encouraging livestock management and providing subsidies for agricultural and allied enterprise development as strategies to overcome the constraints of livelihood diversification. The Z test results indicated that there is a difference between irrigated and nonirrigated farms with respect to farmers’ age, educational status, level of income, occupation, and awareness of climate change. The suggestions offered help policymakers develop suitable policies

Human aldose reductase expression accelerates diabetic atherosclerosis in transgenic mice

Direct evidence that hyperglycemia, rather than concomitant increases in known risk factors, induces atherosclerosis is lacking. Most diabetic mice do not exhibit a higher degree of atherosclerosis unless the development of diabetes is associated with more severe hyperlipidemia. We hypothesized that normal mice were deficient in a gene that accelerated atherosclerosis with diabetes. The gene encoding aldose reductase (AR), an enzyme that mediates the generation of toxic products from glucose, is expressed at low levels in murine compared with human tissues. Mice in which diabetes was induced through streptozotocin (STZ) treatment, but not nondiabetic mice, expressing human AR (hAR) crossed with LDL receptor–deficient (Ldlr–/–) C57BL/6 male mice had increased aortic atherosclerosis. Diabetic hAR-expressing heterozygous LDL receptor–knockout mice (Ldlr+/–) fed a cholesterol/cholic acid–containing diet also had increased aortic lesion size. Lesion area at the aortic root was increased by STZ treatment alone but was further increased by hAR expression. Macrophages from hAR-transgenic mice expressed more scavenger receptors and had greater accumulation of modified lipoproteins than macrophages from nontransgenic mice. Expression of genes that regulate regeneration of glutathione was reduced in the hAR-expressing aortas. Thus, hAR increases atherosclerosis in diabetic mice. Inhibitors of AR or other enzymes that mediate glucose toxicity could be useful in the treatment of diabetic atherosclerosis

Novel euglycemic and hypolipidemic agents: Pyridine containing unsaturated thiazolidinediones

403-406Pyridyl containing 2,4-thiazolidinediones having cyclic amine as linker have been synthesized. Both unsaturated thiazolidinedione <span style="font-size:15.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">6<span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"=""> and saturated thiazolidinedione 5 and their various salts have been evaluated in db/db mice for euglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. The maleate salt of TZD 6a is found to be a very potent euglycemic and hypolipidemic compound.</span