CORRELAÇÃO DE SEDIMENTOS E EVENTOS CHUVOSOS EM UM TRECHO DO RIO SANTA MARIA DA VITÓRIA, ES

A bacia do Rio Santa Maria da Vitória - ES apresenta produção de sedimentos resultante da interação de diversos processos hidrogeológicos sendo uma das mais importantes para o estado do Espírito Santo. Com o objetivo principal de verificar a existência de correlação entre o transporte de sedimentos em suspensão e a ocorrência de chuvas, foram realizadas campanhas em três seções entre os reservatórios de Rio Bonito e Suiça. Os sedimentos quando correlacionados à vazão em dias de chuvas apresentaram valores altos. Os resultados demonstram também que as correlações encontradas entre a média das chuvas incidentes na bacia e a concentração de sedimentos foram baixas, indicando que a grande extensão da bacia contribui para a distribuição destes valores. Ao analisar as distribuições dos grãos foi verificado que os tamanhos médios foram predominantes nas amostras de fundo, e para as em suspensão houve predominância de grãos finos. Os valores de descarga total de sedimentos encontrados pela utilização do método de Einsten modificado por Colby foram superestimados. Entretanto a seção localizada a montante da PCH Suíça apresentou as menores estimativas de descargas sólidas estando correlacionados à existência da represa da PCH Rio Bonito, onde ocorre deposição de sedimentos do curso dágua

The Terracol and Ardouin developmental model of frontal sinus drainage pathway and surrounding spaces: a radiologic validation

The complexity of the frontal sinus drainage pathway (FSDP) can be challenging even for expert surgeons. Several classifications have been proposed to simplify the understanding of FSDP, whose anatomical variability can be simplified based on the knowledge of its developmental mechanisms

Long-term outcomes of a pilot CT screening for lung cancer

Background: Low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening can detect early stage lung cancer in high-risk populations. However, no data on repeated annual screening over more than 5 years are available, and the impact of screening on lung cancer mortality is controversial. Methods: We analysed outcomes in high-risk asymptomatic volunteers (smokers and former smokers, >50 years) enrolled in a pilot study over 1 year from June 2000, who received annual low-dose CT for 7 years. Cumulative lung cancer incidence and survival were represented by Kaplan 12Meier curves. Standardized incidence and mortality ratios were used to estimate risks relative to the general Italian and US population. Results: Compliance was 86% at the end of the seventh year in 1035 recruited volunteers (71% men, mean age 58 years). Lung cancer was diagnosed in 54 (5.3%); radical surgery was possible in 48/54 (87%); 39/54 (72%) had stage I disease. Five-year survival was 63% overall, 89% for stage I cases. During 6308 person-years of observation, 47 participants had died versus 75 expected in the Italian general population standardised for age and sex. Fourteen lung cancer deaths were registered versus 27 expected in a standardised US smoker population. Conclusions: Seventy percent of screening-diagnosed patients had stage I disease, and the survival of screen-detected cancer patients was high. Lung cancer mortality was favourable compared to age- and sex-matched population of US smokers, suggesting that mortality can be lowered by screening, although larger trials with longer follow-up are necessary to confirm these findings

Characteristics of Convective Sources of Gravity Waves and Sprites Present in Satellite IR Images During the SpreadFEx 2005 Campaign

We developed a technique to identify and estimate the size, intensity, and Tropopause overshoot of thunderstorm convective cores expected to be significant sources of gravity waves. The work was based on GOES IR images of South America on the night of 30 September to 1 October and 25–26 October 2005, as part of the Spread F Experiment (SpreadFEx) in Brazil in 2005. We also characterized, for the first time, the convective activity of three small TLE producing thunderstorms that yielded 11 TLEs on 25–26 October 2005. The campaign occurred during the dry to wet season transition in central Brazil, marked by the presence of extra-tropical cyclogenesis over the Atlantic Ocean, and cold fronts penetrating inland. The Tropopause temperature was typically −76°C with a corresponding altitude of ~15 200 m. Vigorous convective cores capable of generating strong gravity waves were located in convective regions having areas with cloud top temperatures ≤−76°C. They had typical cloud-top temperature deficits of ΔT−2.0°C to −8.0°C from the average surroundings, implying overshoot heights of 200 to 3100 m, which are within the typical range. Fast vertical development and high horizontal growth rates were associated with a large number of simultaneously active vigorous convective cores, indicating that their dynamics may have determined the spatial-temporal development of the thunderstorms analyzed. Moderate convective cores were also present in areas with cloud top −76°C≤T≤−70°C. They had ΔT of −1.9°C to −5.3°C producing overshoots between 80–300 m. All convective cores had typical diameters of 5–20 km and their size tended to increase with ΔT, there was a 57% correlation between the two parameters. Analysis of the relationship of cloud top T with positive and negative cloud-to-ground lightning (+/−CG) occurrence rate and with peak current showed that lighting activity may provide an independent way to identify convective cores and measure their intensity, since they were characterized by a high incidence of low peak current −CGs that forms the bulk of the −CG population

AÇÕES DO PROJETO COLETA SELETIVA SOLIDARIA DENTRO E FORA DA UNIVERSIDADE

O projeto coleta seletiva solidária com o inicio em 2008 tem como objetivo possibilitar espaços dinâmicos de diálogo entre as comunidades científicas, organizações de catadores, lideranças de bairros e de organizações públicas e privadas, com foco na inclusão social produtiva de catadores e catadoras em programas de coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos urbanos recicláveis no município de Criciúma e na AMREC

US-guided transcutaneous tru-cut biopsy of laryngo-hypopharyngeal lesions

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and performance of ultrasound-guided transcutaneous tru-cut biopsy (USGTCB) in selected patients (with stenosis of airways or difficult intubation or contraindication to general anaesthesia) with untreated or previously treated suspicious laryngo-hypopharyngeal masses. Methods: Biopsies were performed with a free-hand technique by a single radiologist. Thirty-six USGTCBs were scheduled in 34 patients (24 males, 10 females; age range 47-95 years). Two USGTCBs were not performed, as lesions were not detectable: therefore, 16 USGTCBs were performed for an untreated mass suspicious for malignancy and 18 were performed for a mass suspicious for recurrence after radiotherapy alone, or associated with endoscopic laser surgery or chemotherapy. Results: USGTCB diagnosed 25 squamous cell carcinomas (73.5%) and nine benign lesions (26.5%); no false positives and two false negatives were reported, both in patients previously treated with radiotherapy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the technique was 92.5%, 100%, 100% and 77.7% respectively, with no major complications. Conclusion: Although biopsy under microlaryngoscopy remains the "gold-standard" technique, USGTCB is feasible, carries the advantages of avoiding general anaesthesia, is suitable for outpatients and is cost-effective. If applied to selected patients, it could be considered for the histological diagnosis of both primary and recurrent laryngo-hypopharyngeal masses

The frontoethmoidal architecture: a developmental point of view

The anatomy of frontal sinus drainage pathway (FSDP) and surrounding spaces is extremely complex and variable. Its anatomical variability can be simplified based on the knowledge of the developmental mechanism of the frontal recess. The frontal sinus develops from the 13th week of intrauterine life to the age of twenty through a number of well-known steps of progressive extension within the frontal bone. Its development results from an upward epithelial migration of the anterior ethmoidal cells that penetrate the inferior aspect of the frontal bone between its two diploic plates. Even though this developmental theory is almost universally accepted, only few Authors focused on the formation of FSDP prior to the extramural pneumatization (1-2). The results of the present study conducted on 14 human heads match with the developmental model proposed by Terracol and Ardouin (2), in fact a number of significant associations are conform to the process of growing of the frontal sinus from one out of the three primordial cells (i.e. orbital, nasal, or bullar cell). In this model, renewed in view of the observation of the present study, the hierarchical order of growing among primordial cells determines the final frontoethmoidal architecture