A Hybrid of Improved Bulls and Weighted Round Robin to optimize the Leader and Load Balancing in Cloud and Distributed Computing Environment

Day by Day there is increase of internet users which leads to increase the traffic in the network which causing the generation of huge data. It requires the balancing of network load on the network servers with different Load balancing techniques. It is also required to have efficient algorithm to analysis the huge data in distributed manner to identify the leader to act as centralized point of contact for services. If we audit on the heap adjusting systems, there are a few potential outcomes to upgrade the methods. In the present scenario, we have the methods, round robin algorithm (static load adjusting), Weighted Round Robin algorithm and Least Load algorithm (Dynamic Load Balancing). A researcher D. Chitra Devi .et .al has given the idea of enhanced weighted round robin algorithm (EWRR) which gives much better reaction when contrasted with basic round robin calculation. Another scholar Rashmi Saini et. al recommended the half breed of round robin calculation and minimum Load Algorithm. From the above scholars� articles, I hereby propose a resolution by improved Bulls algorithm along with Weighted Round Robin (WRR) algorithm to achieve high performance in Distributed and Cloud Computing domain in terms of leader election from a group of distributed and non-failed processes, load balancing dynamically and coordinate other nodes. Bulls algorithm uses the following message types: � Election Message: Sent to announce election. � Answer (Alive) Message: Responds to the Election message. � Coordinator (Victory) Message: Sent by winner of the election to announce victory. When coordinator fails to recover a process P, from failure or detecting before failure, the process P performs the following actions: 1. If P has the highest process id, it sends a Victory message to all other processes and becomes the new Coordinator. Otherwise, P broadcasts an Election message to all other processes with higher process IDs than itself. 2. If P does not receive any Election message, then it broadcasts a Victory message to all other processes and becomes the Coordinator. 3. If P receives an Answer from a process with a higher ID, it sends no further messages for this election and waits for a Victory message. When there is no Victory message after a stipulated period, it restarts the process from the beginning. 4. If P receives an Election message from another process with a lower ID it sends an Answer message back and starts the election process at the beginning, by sending an Election message to higher-numbered processes. 5. If P receives a Coordinator message, it treats the sender as the coordinator

Reaction of Bis(diethyl dithiocarbamato)nickel(II) with 4-Methyl- & 4-Vinyl-pyridines

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Isoform-level gene signature improves prognostic stratification and accurately classifies glioblastoma subtypes.

Molecular stratification of tumors is essential for developing personalized therapies. Although patient stratification strategies have been successful; computational methods to accurately translate the gene-signature from high-throughput platform to a clinically adaptable low-dimensional platform are currently lacking. Here, we describe PIGExClass (platform-independent isoform-level gene-expression based classification-system), a novel computational approach to derive and then transfer gene-signatures from one analytical platform to another. We applied PIGExClass to design a reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) based molecular-subtyping assay for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive primary brain tumors. Unsupervised clustering of TCGA (the Cancer Genome Altas Consortium) GBM samples, based on isoform-level gene-expression profiles, recaptured the four known molecular subgroups but switched the subtype for 19% of the samples, resulting in significant (P = 0.0103) survival differences among the refined subgroups. PIGExClass derived four-class classifier, which requires only 121 transcript-variants, assigns GBM patients' molecular subtype with 92% accuracy. This classifier was translated to an RT-qPCR assay and validated in an independent cohort of 206 GBM samples. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of PIGExClass in the design of clinically adaptable molecular subtyping assay and have implications for developing robust diagnostic assays for cancer patient stratification

Capturing vertical profiles of aerosols and black carbon over the Indian Ocean using autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles

International audienceMeasurements of the vertical distribution of aerosol properties provide essential information for generating more accurate model estimates of radiative forcing and atmospheric heating rates compared with employing remotely sensed column averaged properties. A month long campaign over the Indian Ocean during March 2006 investigated the interaction of aerosol, clouds, and radiative effects. Routine vertical profiles of aerosol and water vapor were determined using autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with miniaturized instruments. Comparisons of these airborne instruments with established ground-based instruments and in aircraft-to-aircraft comparisons demonstrated an agreement within 10%. Aerosol absorption optical depths measured directly using the unmanned aircraft differed from columnar AERONET sun-photometer results by only 20%. Measurements of total particle concentration, particle size distributions, aerosol absorption and black carbon concentrations are presented along with the trade wind thermodynamic structure from the surface to 3000 m above sea level. Early March revealed a well-mixed layer up to the cloud base at 500 m above mean seal level (m a.s.l.), followed by a decrease of aerosol concentrations with altitude. The second half of March saw the arrival of a high altitude plume existing above the mixed layer that originated from a continental source and increased aerosol concentrations by more than tenfold, yet the surface air mass showed little change in aerosol concentrations and was still predominantly influenced by marine sources. Black carbon concentrations at 1500 m above sea level increased from 70 ng/m³ to more than 800 ng/m³ with the arrival of this polluted plume. The absorption aerosol optical depth increased from as low as 0.005 to as much as 0.035 over the same period. The spectral dependence of the aerosol absorption revealed an absorption Angstrom exponent of 1.0, which is typical of an aerosol with most of its absorption attributed to black carbon and generally indicates the absorbing component originated from fossil fuel sources and other high-temperature combustion sources. The results indicate that surface measurements do not represent the aerosol properties within the elevated layers, especially if these layers are influenced by long range transport

Experimental Evidence of Time Delay Induced Death in Coupled Limit Cycle Oscillators

Experimental observations of time delay induced amplitude death in a pair of coupled nonlinear electronic circuits that are individually capable of exhibiting limit cycle oscillations are described. In particular, the existence of multiply connected death islands in the parameter space of the coupling strength and the time delay parameter for coupled identical oscillators is established. The existence of such regions was predicted earlier on theoretical grounds in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5109 (1998); Physica 129D, 15 (1999)]. The experiments also reveal the occurrence of multiple frequency states, frequency suppression of oscillations with increased time delay and the onset of both in-phase and anti-phase collective oscillations.Comment: 4 aps formatted RevTeX pages; 6 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

An expedient synthesis of tetrakis (cyclopropylmethyl) methane

Synthesis of tetrakis(cyclopropylmethyl)methane, a new symmetric product has been described using the radical mediated gem-diallylation of cyclopropylmethyl xanthate as a key step and its single crystal X-ray analysis established its C2-symmetry

Fatigue Life Predictions of Additively Manufactured Components for Satelite Structures

The fatigue life properties of Additive Manufactured (AM) components are limited due to the defects naturally generated from the AM Process. For limited design life problems the finite fatigue life El-Haddad model linked defect size, applied stress, and design life. This paper developed a method to predict the smallest defect of interest for a given load case and the lowest failure generating stress for a given defect size. Experimental testing validated the method steps. The model was adjusted to demonstrate the space utility based on a 12U CubeSat chassis. Applying the design life and expected load, the finite fatigue life El-Haddad model predicted the minimum defect size for two configurations of the 12U CubeSat. The minimum defect size defined the Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) criteria for component certification. Combining the worst case potential defect size with the design life, the finite fatigue life El-Haddad model defined a minimum stress to generate failure. Linking the minimum stress value to the CubeSat Finite Element Model (FEM) predicted every location on the structure that could potentially fail due to the formation of AM defects. This second aspect defined the required inspection region to certify the structure for the given load case and design life

Investigation of magnetic anisotropy in Co nanoparticles using ferromagnetic resonance technique

Using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique, we have investigated the temperature dependence and angular dependence of line width and resonance magnetic field of Co nanoparticles capped with novel alkane carboxylic acids of varying chain lengths. The magnetic properties such as blocking temperature and anisotropy sensitively depend on the chain length as evidenced by the temperature dependence of line width. These results indicate that the magnetic properties of these samples are critically governed by the interparticle interactions which are decided by the chain length. The presence of anisotropy even up to very high temperature above the blocking temperature observed in these studies confirms the presence of inter-particle magnetic interactions as well as intra-particle exchange interaction between the core and shell regions as evidenced by our earlier ac susceptibility and transverse susceptibility measurements on similar system

Rhodobacter johrii sp. nov., an endospore-producing cryptic species isolated from semi-arid tropical soils

An oval to rod shaped phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacterium, strain JA192T was isolated from an enrichment culture of a pasteurized rhizosphere soil sample of jowar crop collected from Godumakunta village, near Hyderabad, India. Strain JA192T is Gram-negative, motile and produces endospores. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain JA192T is closely related to Rhodobacter sphaeroides DSM 158T (99.9% sequence similarity), Rhodobacter megalophilus JA194T (99.8%) and Rhodobacter azotoformans JCM 9340T (98.1%) and clusters with other species of the genus Rhodobacter of the family Rhodobacteraceae. However, DNA-DNA hybridization with Rba. sphaeroides DSM 158T, Rba. megalophilus JA194T and Rba. azotoformans JCM 9320T showed a relatedness of only 38-57% with respect to JA192T. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization data, morphological, physiological and chemotaxanomic characters, strain JA192T represents a novel species of the genus Rhodobacter, for which the name Rhodobacter johrii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA192T (= DSM 18678T = JCM 14543T = MTCC 8172T)

Ring-closing metathesis mediated total synthesis of microcarpalide and herbarumin III

This article does not have an Abstract