Proposal of new trace elements classification to be used in nutrition, oligotherapy and other therapeutics strategies

Objetivos: 1) Proponer una nueva clasificación de los oligoelementos fundamentada en el estudio detallado de las investigaciones más recientes sobre los mismos; 2) ofrecer información detallada y actualizada sobre todos los oligoelementos. Resultados: el análisis de todos los resultados de investigación consultados pone de manifiesto que los avances en las técnicas de análisis molecular permiten dilucidar la importancia que presentan ciertos oligoelementos para la salud humana. Se ofrece un análisis detallado de la función catalítica que podrían tener determinados elementos no considerados hasta ahora como esenciales o posiblemente esenciales, gracias al uso de plataformas informáticas que permiten el análisis integrado de datos sobre enzimas. Asimismo se presenta información integrada y actualizada del papel fisiológico, cinéticas y metabolismo, fuentes dietéticas y factores que propician la carencia o la toxicidad de cada uno de los oligoelementos. Conclusiones: La Oligoterapia plantea el uso de oligoelementos catalíticamente activos con fines terapéuticos. La nueva clasificación de oligoelementos planteada en este trabajo será de interés para diversos sectores profesionales: médicos y demás personal sanitario, nutricionistas, farmacéuticos, etc. Así podrán diseñarse nuevas estrategias terapéuticas que permitan paliar la sintomatología de diversas patologías, en particular las enfermedades carenciales y metabólicas.Objectives: 1) to propose a new classification of the trace elements based on a study of the recently reported research; 2) to offer detailed and actualized information about trace elements. Results: the analysis of the research results recently reported reveals that the advances of the molecular analysis techniques point out the importance of certain trace elements in human health. A detailed analysis of the catalytic function related to several elements not considered essential o probably essentials up to now is also offered. To perform the integral analysis of the enzymes containing trace elements informatics tools have been used. Actualized information about physiological role, kinetics, metabolism, dietetic sources and factors promoting trace elements scarcity or toxicity is also presented. Results: Oligotherapy uses catalytic active trace elements with therapeutic proposals. The new trace element classification here presented will be of high interest for different professional sectors: doctors and other professions related to medicine; nutritionist, pharmaceutics, etc. Using this new classification and approaches, new therapeutic strategies could be designed to mitigate symptomatology related to several pathologies, particularly carential and metabolic diseases

Distress intolerance and pain catastrophizing as mediating variables in PTSD and chronic noncancer pain comorbidity.

Objectives: Several studies have demonstrated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain comorbidity. However, there is a lack of research on the psychological variables that might explain their co-occurrence. We investigated the mediating role of distress intolerance and pain catastrophizing in this relationship. Methods: A moderated mediation model was tested. The sample comprised 114 individuals with chronic noncancer pain (90 women and 24 men; mean age, of 60.04 years [SD=9.76]). Results: Catastrophizing had a significant effect on PTSD. Distress intolerance mediated catastrophizing and PTSD, and pain intensity moderated this relationship. Conclusions: New insights are provided into the psychological variables that may explain PTSD and chronic noncancer pain comorbidity

Strategic management of patents on electrochemical conversion fuel cells and batteries in Latin America as a mechanism for moving towards energy sustainability

Electrochemical conversion batteries (ECBs), especially fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), are the focus of attention of the scientific community due to their potential contribution to the decarbonization of the economy. In this context, the objective is to analyze patent publication flows on LIBs in Latin America (LATAM) by proposing a technology adoption matrix, a Patents friendly to sustainable technologies (PFST) indicator, and the use of technology s-curves. Data collection and analysis were carried out using the PatSeer knowledge base, Gephi, VantagePoint, and Loglet Lab software. The results show the leadership of Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina, with high dependence on the United States, Japan, and Germany. The PFST indicates that 79.3% of the published patents address climate change mitigation. In general, there is a low rate of publication of ECB patents in LATAM, marked by a technological lag in the evolution of key technologies. Patents on fuel cells are more published than those related to LIB. Under this scenario, it is unlikely that LATAM will achieve the necessary competitiveness to produce complex technologies in this field. In this regard, it follows that to reverse the position of traditional exporters of low value-added commodities, these countries should formulate strategies that allow the development of the innovation ecosystem, promoting open and applied innovation mechanisms, subsidized adoption, greater integration of universities and, at the same time, strengthening technological integration with countries that currently lead the transfer and others with great potential such as China and South Korea.This project has received Open Access funding provided by University of Basque Country. Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Natur

Commercial maps of the main Latin American countries in the international olive oil market

Aim of study: World trade in olive oil is undergoing structural changes, with the emergence of new relevant actors, notably South American countries. The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of emerging Latin American countries in the world olive oil market during the period 2010–2019. Area of study: Major Latin American countries within an international context. Material and methods: The study was conducted through an analysis of trade networks, the application of the export growth decomposition method, the index of import dependence, and competitiveness matrices developed from the statistical evolution of import share and market share indicators. Main results: European countries continue to dominate international trade in olive oil, however, Chile and Argentina have managed to widen their role. Chile was the country with the highest growth rate in olive oil exports in terms of value and volume in the period analyzed, whereas Argentina was below the world average. Prices in general have been stagnant, although price variability between countries can be distinguished. This may be due to the re-export policy of some countries, the qualities, the format, and some intrinsic characteristics of the markets. Research highlights: Chile and Argentina figure prominently for their commercial capacity, with the former focusing mainly on the USA and Brazilian markets, and the latter on the Spanish

Microcystins produced by filamentous cyanobacteria in urban lakes. A case study in Mexico City

Cyanobacterial blooms are of great importance because of the toxic effects that these microorganisms are able to induce, particularly on aquatic organisms. Microcystins (MCs) are the principal toxins biosynthesized by cyanobacteria and are powerful inhibitors of the protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. Zooplankton filter feeders such as cladocerans are directly affected by MCs as a result of ingestion of cyanobacteria or contact with intracellular products when cyanobacterial cells break up during and after blooms. A total of 17 strains of filamentous cyanobacteria isolated from three urban lakes in Mexico City were characterized using the microcystin synthetase region mcyA-Cd. Acute 48-h toxicity was evaluated in different strains using the cladoceran Daphnia magna and total microcystin content was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mcyA-Cd region was amplified in 16 microcystin-producing strains; microcystins were detected in eight strains with values ranging from 0.1422 to 2.772 µg L-1. Nevertheless, all aqueous crude extracts induced acute toxicity in D. magna with LC50 values from 363.91 to 741.8 mg L-1 (dry weight). The toxicity observed in non-microcystin-producing strains may be induced by cyclic peptides other than microcystins (anabaenopeptins, microviridins and cyclamides). The results obtained warn of the toxigenic potential of filamentous cyanobacteria, since though Microcystis spp. is frequently predominant in blooms, other toxins and intracellular metabolites released by filamentous cyanobacteria may induce toxicity on aquatic organisms as well as humans

Modification of poly (lactic acid) through the incorporation of gum rosin and gum rosin derivative: Mechanical performance and hydrophobicity

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: De La Rosa-Ramírez, Harrison, Miguel Aldas, José Miguel Ferri, Juan López-Martínez, and María Dolores Samper. 2020. "Modification of Poly (Lactic Acid) through the Incorporation of Gum Rosin and Gum Rosin Derivative: Mechanical Performance and Hydrophobicity." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 137 (44). Wiley: 49346. doi:10.1002/app.49346, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/app.49346. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] The modification of PLA by melt compound with gum rosin (GR) and pentaerythritol ester of GR (PEGR) was investigated by studying the mechanical and thermal performance, blends morphology, wettability, and water absorption. Standard testing specimens for characterization were made at a variate resin content of 5, 10, and 15 part per hundred resin (phr) and manufactured by injection molding. It was found that GR and PEGR had a lubricating effect in PLA polymeric chains, resulting in a remarkable increase of 790 and 193% in melt flow index with only 5 phr GR and PEGR contents, respectively. A significant change in more than 10 degrees of increasing water contact angle was observed for PLA with 15 phr PEGR. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that PEGR led to delayed PLA degradation/decomposition process to higher temperature, increasing the onset temperature (T-5%) in more than 7 degrees C for PLA with 15 phr PEGR.This research was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness-PROMADEPCOL Ref: (MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R). Authors also want to acknowledge the postdoc contract offered to José Miguel Ferri by the Generalitat Valenciana, which project title is "BIONANOCOMPOSITES BASADOS EN MEZCLAS DE PLA Y TPS CON MEMORIA" (APOSTD/2019/122) GENERALITAT VALENCIANA (2019-2021).Rosa-Ramírez, HDL.; Aldás-Carrasco, MF.; Ferri, J.; López-Martínez, J.; Samper, M. (2020). 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Control of Biodegradability Under Composting Conditions and Physical Performance of Poly (Lactic Acid) Based Materials Modified with Phenolic-Free Rosin Resin

[EN] Biodegradable materials based on poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and a phenolic free modified rosin resin were obtained and studied to control the biodegradability under composting conditions of the materials. The resin was blended in concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 parts per hundred (phr) of base polymer using industrial plastic processing techniques. Additionally, to study the effect of the resin on the compatibility of the PLA, the physical performance, water absorption, mechanical behavior, thermal stability, and microstructure of the materials were assessed. The resin incorporation decreased the resistance to thermal degradation of the resultant material, and the composting disintegration rate was slowed down with the increasing content of the resin. The water diffusion was delayed, and the diffusion and corrected diffusion coefficients decreased with the rising content of UP. The mechanical properties tend to decrease while a saturation effect was observed for contents higher than 3 phr of resin. The optimal amount of resin that can be added to achieve good interaction with PLA matrix, complete miscibility, and good material cohesion is 3 phr.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through PID-AEI Project (grant PID2021-123753NA-C33 and PID2020-116496RB-C22) and TED-AEI Project (grants TED2021-129920A-C43), and, as appropriate, by "ERDF A way of making Europe", by the "European Union" or by the "European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR.Rosa-Ramírez, HDL.; Aldas, M.; Ferri, J.; Pawlak, F.; López-Martínez, J.; Samper, M. (2023). Control of Biodegradability Under Composting Conditions and Physical Performance of Poly (Lactic Acid) Based Materials Modified with Phenolic-Free Rosin Resin. Journal of Polymers and the Environment. 31(12):5462-5476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-02956-154625476311

Pain Acceptance Creates an Emotional Context That Protects against the Misuse of Prescription Opioids: A Study in a Sample of Patients with Chronic Noncancer Pain.

There is solid evidence of an association between several psychological flexibility processes, particularly pain acceptance, and adaptation to chronic pain. However, there are relatively few studies on the relationship between pain acceptance and opioid misuse in chronic pain patients. Thus, the aim of the present study was to test a hypothetical model in which pain acceptance would regulate pain sensations and pain-related thoughts and emotions, which would be related to opioid misuse. The sample comprised 140 chronic pain patients attending two hospitals. All patients were receiving pharmacological treatment, including opioid analgesics. Structural equation modelling analyses showed a significant association between higher pain acceptance and lower pain intensity and catastrophizing, and lower levels of anxiety and depression. Only higher anxiety and depression were significantly associated with increased opioid misuse. The results suggest that levels of anxiety, depression, and pain acceptance must be assessed before opioids are prescribed. Pain acceptance implies a relationship with internal events that protects against anxiety and depression and thus against opioid misuse. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy appears to be particularly appropriate for these patients.This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-106086RB-I00) and the Regional Government of Andalusia (HUM-566). Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga

UNA MIRADA DIFERENTE AL CARÁCTER PREVENTIVO DE LA ENSEÑANZA ORTOGRÁFICA EN LA EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA

The article characterizes from the point of view of the knowledge theory the teaching-learning process of spelling in the first cycle of the Primary Education, with emphasis in its prevention. Starting from the recognition of the latter aspect as essential in the development of abilities, this process should begin from the stage of acquisition of the consonantal system in a systematic, regulated and organized way. It is remarked in the role of the graphic representations and the meanings in the memory in the formation of the mental actions, and how this formation can be potentiated to get those ends.  El artículo aborda una caracterización gnoseológica del proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje ortográfico en el primer ciclo de la Educación Primaria, con énfasis en su prevención. A partir del reconocimiento de este último aspecto como esencial para la formación de habilidades, se precisa que estas deben iniciarse desde la etapa de adquisición del sistema consonántico con carácter sistemático, de forma regulada y organizada. Se puntualiza en el papel que para la formación de las acciones mentales tiene la recepción de las representaciones gráficas y los significados en la memoria y cómo puede esta potenciarse con esos fines