Momento Económico (37)

Temas de hoy. 2/ México 1987: el año de la econornia desigual. Mario J. Zepeda M. 3/ La petrolización de la economía mexicana. Miguel Breceda Lspeyre. 6/ Del saneamiento de la economía a la injusticia social. Javier Delgadillo Macías. 9/ La transición política: una revisión crítica. Isidro H. Cisneros Ramírez. 13/ FAO: alimentación y crisis en América Latina. Pobreza en América Latina y el Caribe. 16

Leishmanicidal Activity of Nine Novel Flavonoids from Delphinium staphisagria

Objectives. To evaluate the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of nine flavonoid derivatives from Delphinium staphisagria against L. infantum and L. braziliensis. Design and Methods. The in vitro activity of compounds 1–9 was assayed on extracellular promastigote and axenic amastigote forms and on intracellular amastigote forms of the parasites. Infectivity and cytotoxicity tests were carried on J774.2 macrophage cells using Glucantime as the reference drug. The mechanisms of action were analysed performing metabolite excretion and transmission electronic microscope ultrastructural alteration studies. Results. Nine flavonoids showed leishmanicidal activity against promastigote as well as amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum and L. braziliensis. These compounds were nontoxic to mammalian cells and were effective at similar concentrations up to or lower than that of the reference drug (Glucantime). The results showed that 2″-acetylpetiolaroside (compound 8) was clearly the most active. Conclusion. This study has demonstrated that flavonoid derivatives are active against L. infantum and L. braziliensis

La pobreza en los pueblos indígenas Totonacos y los efectos de la política social en México

Syfte Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur finanskrisen har påverkat bankens kreditbedömning av hushållskunder.   Metod Vi har använt oss av kvalitativ metod. Intervjuer har genomförts med tre lånehandläggare samt kontorschefen vid ett av Swedbanks kontor i Solna. För att komplettera detta har även en kreditchef verksam vid Swedbanks huvudkontor i Stockholm intervjuats. Svaren har analyserats utifrån teorier om asymmetrisk information och riskhantering.   Slutsatser Kreditbedömningen har inte påverkats i någon större utsträckning. Möjligen har bankens värdering av säkerheter blivit något försiktigare. Det kanske också görs en lite noggrannare prövning av kundernas arbetssituation. Inga regler eller rutiner har förändrats. Kreditbedömningen var relativt strikt redan innan krisen och några större förändringar är därför inte nödvändiga

Análisis bibliométrico de la literatura publicada sobre SIDA en el Sur de África

The purpose of this work is to present the results of a bibliometric research conducted on AIDS in Africa, Southern. The literature production and communication patterns were analysed in an attempt to obtain indicators so as to support the decision making processes related to the prevention and control of AIDS. An Internet MEDLINE bibliographic search was conducted on AIDS and Africa, Southern for the period 1980-2001. The research was limited to studies conducted on humans; and indicators related to productivity, geographic distribution by country, language and subject content were identified.A total of 1.820 postings were retrieved and analysed. Main production was distributed among South Africa (42.36%), Zimbabwe (20.44%) and Zambia (19.90%). Most of the documents corresponded to articles published in scientific journals (55.33%). English was the main language used (97.75%); and the production in collaboration of two or more authors was significant (55.61%). The subject content of the research was related mainly to Health Education, Infant, and Sex Behaviour. A high production at the national level —mainly local universities— and the influence of USA and United Kingdom academic institutions was also found. A comparison with other geographic regions as well as the lines for further research actions are described.El propósito de este trabajo es el de presentar los resultados de un proyecto de investigación bibliométrica realizado sobre SIDA en la región del Sur de África. El estudio pretende identificar los mecanismos de producción y comunicación de la literatura existentes, en un esfuerzo por apoyar a los procesos de toma de decisiones relacionados con la prevención y el control del SIDA. Se realizó una investigación bibliográfica en MEDLINE sobre SIDA (AIDS) y el Sur de África (Africa Southern), para el período 1980-2001. La investigación se limitó a estudios realizados en seres humanos; y se buscaron indicadores relacionados con el tipo de producción, periodicidad anual, distribución geográfica por país, cobertura de idioma y temática.Se encontró un total de 1.820 registros. La producción mayor se registró para South Africa (42,36%), Zimbabwe (20,44%) y Zambia (19,90%). En su mayoría, la producción correspondió a artículos publicados en revistas científicas (55,33%); en idioma inglés (97,75%) y derivada de la colaboración de dos o más autores (55,61%). La cobertura temática se orientó a estudios sobre educación para la salud, investigaciones sobre infantes, y la conducta sexual. Se encontró un alto índice de producción nacional, principalmente de universidades locales; además de la influencia en la región de instituciones académicas de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y el Reino Unido. Se presentan comparaciones con los resultados obtenidos de otras regiones geográficas y se describen algunas líneas de investigación necesarias para continuar este tipo de análisis

Noncommutative Quantum Cosmology

We propose a model for noncommutative quantum cosmology by means of a deformation of minisuperspace. For the Kantowski-Sachs metric we are able to find the exact wave function. We construct wave packets and show that new quantum states that ``compete'' to be the most probable state appear, in clear contrast with the commutative case. A tunneling process could be possible among these states.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, revtex4 file, major style changes, to be published in PR

Homophobia and heterosexism: Spanish Physical Education teachers’ perceptions

Physical education is traditionally a heteronormative environment, despite current studies highlighting the existence of positive changes in sport towards sexual diversity. In Spain, physical education teachers’ attitudes towards sexual minorities are an under-researched area. The current study identifies physical education teachers’ perceptions towards homophobia and heterosexism in their lessons, raising questions as to whether societies are hostile or more tolerant in regards to gays and lesbians in sport. This experimental and cross-sectional descriptive research involved 170 Physical Education teachers from mixed schools, using a modified version of the original questionnaire of homophobia and heterosexism perceptions by Morrow and Gill (2003). Results show heterosexist and homophobic behavior is apparent in physical education lessons, with teachers aware of these behaviours. Furthermore, it is highlighted that students use homosexually-themed language as an instrument to discriminate against gays and lesbians. This language use is not common among teachers, although when it is present, it is clearer and more frequent amongst male teachers