Increase of geometrical and positional fatty acid isomers in dark meat from broilers fed heated oils

Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids leads to primary and secondary oxidation products. Compounds and amounts of these products vary, depending on the oxidative conditions. As these oxidation products have different absorption and biological effects, we performed two different heating treatments on sunflower oil. The first was heating the oil at 190-195"C for 28 h i.e. very oxidised oil); and the other, heating at 60"C for 12 days (i.e. pcroxidiscd oil). In the frame of this study, we compared the fatty acid composition of a refined sunflower oil (fresh oil), the pcroxidiscd oil, the very oxidised oil, and a mixture (1+1) of fresh and very oxidised oil (i.e. oxidised oil). Oil fatty acid compositions were affected by the heating treatments. In to addition, different fatty acid isomers were formed during heating at 190-I95°C and significant differences were found between thcir.contcnt in the sunflower oils. We also studied the effect of feeding broilers with these oils and Zn and tocopherol supplements on the fatty acid composition of their raw dark meat. Various Irons fatty acid isomers increased in dark meat from broilers fed oxidised and very oxidised oils. In addition, discriminant analysis showed that ditrans-CLA content was able to distinguish dark chicken meat from chickens fed sunflower oils heated at 190-195"C

Use of combinations of re-esterified oils, differing in their degree of saturation, in broiler chicken diets

Re-esterified oils contain higher proportions of mono- and diacylglycerols, and also higher proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA) at the sn-2 position of acylglycerol molecules than does a native oil with the same degree of saturation, which enhances the apparent absorption of SFA. Moreover, as happens with native oils, their nutritive value could be further improved by blending re-esterified oils of extreme degrees of saturation. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to assess the effect of increasing the dietary unsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratio (UFA:SFA) by adding re-esterified soybean oil in replacement of re-esterified palm oil, on fatty acid (FA) apparent absorption and its consequences on growth performance, carcass fat depots, and FA composition of abdominal adipose tissue. For this purpose, one hundred twenty 1-day-old female broiler chickens were randomly distributed in 30 cages. The 2 pure re-esterified oils, together with 3 re-esterified oil blends, were included in the basal diet at 6%. The increasing dietary UFA:SFA ratio resulted in an improved total FA apparent absorption (linear effect for the starter period, P = 0.001; quadratic effect for the growerfinisher period, P = 0.006) and, therefore, an improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) for the overall period (linear effect, P = 0.003). In the starter period, the improved fat absorption was due to the growing presence of linoleic acid and the enhanced absorption of SFA, mono- and polyunsaturated FA (associative effects among FA; P 0.05). The UFA:SFA ratio of the abdominal adipose tissue varied in the same direction, but to a lesser extent than that of the diet. Whilst the deposited-to-absorbed ratio of polyunsaturated FA remained relatively constant as the dietary UFA:SFA ratio increased, the deposited-to-absorbed ratio of SFA increased, and that of monounsaturated FA decreased. Taken together, the addition of re-esterified soybean oil in replacement of re-esterified palm oil improved fat absorption, but no synergism was observed between re-esterified oils.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dioxinas y PCBS en la alimentación de pollos de carne : efecto sobre parámetros productivos y utilización de nutrientes

Este experimento tiene por objetivo evaluar la repercusión de la adición de grasas que presentan dioxinas (D) y bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) en la alimentación de pollos broiler. Se estudió su efecto sobre el rendimiento productivo, coeficiente de digestibilidad y el depósito de grasa de los animales. 64 pollos broiler hembra línea genética Ross 308 fueron alimentados hasta los 47 días de edad con dos piensos experimentales con un nivel de inclusión del 6% de aceite de pescado. Las dos materias grasas utilizadas diferían en el nivel de contaminación: nivel alto HD 9,78 pg TEQD pg/g y 19,02 pg TEQPCBs/g y nivel bajo LD l,95pg TEQD y 7,69 pg TEQPCBs/g. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el consumo medio diario (CMD), ganancia media diaria (GMD) ni en el índice de transformación (IT) entre los tratamientos experimentales. Se realizaron dos balances de digestibilidad desde el día 14 al 16 y del 37 al 39. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la digestibilidad de la materia seca (DMS), y digestibilidad de la materia orgánica (DMO) si bien la digestibilidad del extracto etéreo (DEE) en primeras edades fue superior para los animales del tratamiento HD (LD 80.57% vs. HD 86.39%; P<0.01). Por otro lado, el rendimiento de la canal fue superior para los animales del tratamiento HD (LD 80.51% vs. HD 81.72%; P< 0.01) sin observarse diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el resto de parámetros estudiados (peso vivo PV, peso canal PC, y grasa abdominal GA). En conclusión, los aceites comerciales de pescado con concentraciones de contaminantes de hasta 9,78 pg TEQD/g y19,02 pg TEQPCB/g, no alteran los parámetros productivos ni el rendimiento en los pollos de carne.An experiment was designed to study the effect of the addition of dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs contaminated fats in broiler chickens diets, on the productive yield parameters, the fat digestibility and deposit. Sixty four female broilers (genetic line Ross) were lodged in 16 cages distributed in to two treatments consisting of two experimental diets with 6% of fish oil with 9.78 pg TEQD and 19.02 pg TEQPCB/g ofoil for the high level (HD) and 1.95 pg TEQD and 7.69 pg TEQPCB/g of oil for the low level (LD). The experiment lasted until day 47 oflife ofanimals and productive controls were made at days 22 and 47. Studied parameters included, daily mean intake (CMD), daily mean gain (GMD) and the conversion index (IT). No statistical differences were found in this parameters. From day 14 to 16 and from 37 to 39 two digestibility trials were performed. There was no significant statistical difference in dry matter digestibility (DMS), organic matter digestibility (DMO), but ether extract digestibility (EED) was higher during first trial for HD treatment (LD 80,57% vs. HD 86,39%; P < 0.01). Regarding live weight (W), carcase weight (CW), carcase yield (RC) and abdominal fat (AF), only RC showed statistical differences with highervalues for HD treatment (LD 80,51% vs. HD 81,72%; P<0.01)

Optimización de métodos analíticos para la evaluación de la calidad de grasas y aceites utilizados en el proceso de fritura en continuo

Frying oils with different alteration degrees were collected from continuous frying systems at various Spanish companies. These samples were used to evaluate the applicability, repeatability and capability of a number of methods to discriminate between samples of different degrees of oxidation. The objective of this work was to find complementary methods to the acid value determination for the routine quality control of the frying oils used in these companies.The optimization of the dielectric constant determination was accompanied by a clear variability improvement. However, except for the TBA value, the methods assayed showed lower variability. In addition, TBA value determination was discarded because this parameter showed insufficient sensitivity to discriminate between oil samples with different degrees of oxidation. Relationships between the alteration parameters determined in the frying media showed significant correlations between the acid value and several different oxidation parameters, such as the p-anisidine value, dielectric constant, lipid UV absorption and polymerized triacylglycerol content. Thus, since the acid value exclusively evaluates the hydrolytic alteration, these parameters give complementary information because they evaluate the thermoxidative alteration.La aplicabilidad, repetibilidad y capacidad de diferentes métodos de análisis para discriminar muestras de aceites con diferentes grados de oxidación fueron evaluadas mediante aceites recogidos en procesos de fritura en continuo en varias empresas españolas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue encontrar métodos complementarios a la determinación del índice de acidez para el control de calidad rutinario de los aceites de fritura empleados en estas empresas. La optimización de la determinación de la constante dieléctrica conllevó una clara mejora de la variabilidad. No obstante, excepto en el caso del índice del ATB, el resto de métodos ensayados mostraron una menor variabilidad. La determinación del índice del ATB fue descartada ya que su sensibilidad fue insuficiente para discriminar entre aceites con diferente grado de oxidación. Los diferentes parámetros de alteración determinados en los aceites de fritura mostraron correlaciones significativas entre el índice de acidez y varios parámetros de oxidación diferentes, como la constante dieléctrica, el índice de p-anisidina, la absorción al ultravioleta y el contenido en polímeros de los triacilgliceroles. El índice de acidez solo evalúa la alteración hidrolítica, por lo que estos parámetros aportan información complementaria al evaluar la alteración termooxidativa

Convergent Akt activation drives acquired EGFR inhibitor resistance in lung cancer

EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer are often resistant to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. In this study, the authors show that resistant tumors display high Akt activation and that a combined treatment with AKT inhibitors causes synergistic tumour growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo

Factor structure and measurement invariance across various demographic groups and over time for the phq-9 in primary care patients in spain

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a widely-used screening tool for depression in primary care settings. The purpose of the present study is to identify the factor structure of the PHQ-9 and to examine the measurement invariance of this instrument across different sociodemographic groups and over time in a sample of primary care patients in Spain. Data came from 836 primary care patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (PsicAP study) and a subsample of 218 patients who participated in a follow-up assessment at 3 months. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test one- and two-factor structures identified in previous studies. Analyses of multiple-group invariance were conducted to determine the extent to which the factor structure is comparable across various demo- graphic groups (i.e., gender, age, marital status, level of education, and employment situa- tion) and over time. Both one-factor and two-factor re-specified models met all the pre- established fit criteria. However, because the factors identified in the two-factor model were highly correlated (r = .86), the one-factor model was preferred for its parsimony. Multi-group CFA indicated measurement invariance across different demographic groups and across time. The present findings suggest that physicians in Spain can use the PHQ-9 to obtain a global score for depression severity in different demographic groups and to reliably monitor changes over time in the primary care setting