350 research outputs found
Response and encoding factors in ignoring irrelevant information
Subjects classified either the numerosity or numeric value of elements in successive stimulus displays. In separate experiments, responses were indicated by oral naming, card sorting, manual tapping, and oral tapping. Incongruent levels of numeric value slowed naming and sorting, but not tapping, when numerosity was the cue for responding. Incongruent numerosity slowed tapping, but not naming and sorting, when numeric value was the cue. Changes in stimulus response mapping may thus critically alter the ability to ignore an irrelevant stimulus dimension
Response and encoding factors in ignoring irrelevant information
Subjects classified either the numerosity or numeric value of elements in successive stimulus displays. In separate experiments, responses were indicated by oral naming, card sorting, manual tapping, and oral tapping. Incongruent levels of numeric value slowed naming and sorting, but not tapping, when numerosity was the cue for responding. Incongruent numerosity slowed tapping, but not naming and sorting, when numeric value was the cue. Changes in stimulus response mapping may thus critically alter the ability to ignore an irrelevant stimulus dimension
Experimental study of digital image processing techniques for LANDSAT data
The author has identified the following significant results. Results are reported for: (1) subscene registration, (2) full scene rectification and registration, (3) resampling techniques, (4) and ground control point (GCP) extraction. Subscenes (354 pixels x 234 lines) were registered to approximately 1/4 pixel accuracy and evaluated by change detection imagery for three cases: (1) bulk data registration, (2) precision correction of a reference subscene using GCP data, and (3) independently precision processed subscenes. Full scene rectification and registration results were evaluated by using a correlation technique to measure registration errors of 0.3 pixel rms thoughout the full scene. Resampling evaluations of nearest neighbor and TRW cubic convolution processed data included change detection imagery and feature classification. Resampled data were also evaluated for an MSS scene containing specular solar reflections
Dynamic multilateral markets
We study dynamic multilateral markets, in which players' payoffs result from intra-coalitional bargaining. The latter is modeled as the ultimatum game with exogenous (time-invariant) recognition probabilities and unanimity acceptance rule. Players in agreeing coalitions leave the market and are replaced by their replicas, which keeps the pool of market participants constant over time. In this infinite game, we establish payoff uniqueness of stationary equilibria and the emergence of endogenous cooperation structures when traders experience some degree of (heterogeneous) bargaining frictions. When we focus on market games with different player types, we derive, under mild conditions, an explicit formula for each type's equilibrium payoff as the market frictions vanish
Bringing numerous methods for expression and promoter analysis to a public cloud computing service
Every year, a large number of novel algorithms are introduced to the scientific community for a myriad of applications, but using these across different research groups is often troublesome, due to suboptimal implementations and specific dependency requirements. This does not have to be the case, as public cloud computing services can easily house tractable implementations within self-contained dependency environments, making the methods easily accessible to a wider public. We have taken 14 popular methods, the majority related to expression data or promoter analysis, developed these up to a good implementation standard and housed the tools in isolated Docker containers which we integrated into the CyVerse Discovery Environment, making these easily usable for a wide community as part of the CyVerse UK project
GJ 1252b: A Hot Terrestrial Super-Earth With No Atmosphere
The increasing numbers of rocky, terrestrial exoplanets known to orbit nearby
stars (especially M dwarfs) has drawn increased attention to the possibility of
studying these planets' surface properties, and atmospheric compositions &
escape histories. Here we report the detection of the secondary eclipse of the
terrestrial exoplanet GJ1252b using the Spitzer Space Telescope's IRAC2 4.5
micron channel. We measure an eclipse depth of 149(+25/-32) ppm, corresponding
to a day-side brightness temperature of 1410(+91/-125) K and consistent with
the prediction for no atmosphere. Comparing our measurement to atmospheric
models indicates that GJ1252b has a surface pressure of <10 bar, substantially
less than Venus. Assuming energy-limited escape, even a 100 bar atmosphere
would be lost in <1 Myr, far shorter than estimated age of 3.9+/-0.4 Gyr. The
expected mass loss could be overcome by mantle outgassing, but only if the
mantle's carbon content were >7% by mass - over two orders of magnitude greater
than that found in Earth. We therefore conclude that GJ1252b has no significant
atmosphere. Model spectra with granitoid or feldspathic surface composition,
but with no atmosphere, are disfavored at >2 sigma. The eclipse occurs just
+1.4(+2.8/-1.0) min after orbital phase 0.5, indicating e cos
omega=+0.0025(+0.0049/-0.0018), consistent with a circular orbit. Tidal heating
is therefore likely to be negligible to GJ1252b's global energy budget.
Finally, we also analyze additional, unpublished TESS transit photometry of
GJ1252b which improves the precision of the transit ephemeris by a factor of
ten, provides a more precise planetary radius of 1.180+/-0.078 R_E, and rules
out any transit timing variations with amplitudes <1 min.Comment: ApJL in press. 16 pages, 12 figures, 10 eclipses, 1 bandpass. Models
will be available at journal websit
Cross-tissue immune cell analysis reveals tissue-specific adaptations and clonal architecture in humans
Despite their crucial role in health and disease, our knowledge of immune cells within human tissues remains limited. Here, we surveyed the immune compartment of 15 tissues of six deceased adult donors by single-cell RNA sequencing and paired VDJ sequencing. To systematically resolve immune cell heterogeneity across tissues, we developed CellTypist, a machine learning tool for rapid and precise cell type annotation. Using this approach, combined with detailed curation, we determined the tissue distribution of 45 finely phenotyped immune cell types and states, revealing hitherto unappreciated tissue-specific features and clonal architecture of T and B cells. In summary, our multi-tissue approach lays the foundation for identifying highly resolved immune cell types by leveraging a common reference dataset, tissue-integrated expression analysis and antigen receptor sequencing. One Sentence Summary We provide an immune cell atlas, including antigen receptor repertoire profiling, across lymphoid and non-lymphoid human tissues
Single-cell Atlas of common variable immunodeficiency shows germinal center-associated epigenetic dysregulation in B-cell responses
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), the most prevalent symptomatic primary immunodeficiency, displays impaired terminal B-cell differentiation and defective antibody responses. Incomplete genetic penetrance and ample phenotypic expressivity in CVID suggest the participation of additional pathogenic mechanisms. Monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for CVID are uniquely valuable for studying the contribution of epigenetics to the disease. Here, we generate a single-cell epigenomics and transcriptomics census of naïve-to-memory B cell differentiation in a CVID-discordant MZ twin pair. Our analysis identifies DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility and transcriptional defects in memory B-cells mirroring defective cell-cell communication upon activation. These findings are validated in a cohort of CVID patients and healthy donors. Our findings provide a comprehensive multi-omics map of alterations in naïve-to-memory B-cell transition in CVID and indicate links between the epigenome and immune cell cross-talk. Our resource, publicly available at the Human Cell Atlas, gives insight into future diagnosis and treatments of CVID patients
TOI-561 b: A Low Density Ultra-Short Period "Rocky" Planet around a Metal-Poor Star
TOI-561 is a galactic thick disk star hosting an ultra-short period (0.45 day
orbit) planet with a radius of 1.37 R, making it one of the most
metal-poor ([Fe/H] = -0.41) and oldest (10 Gyr) sites where an
Earth-sized planet has been found. We present new simultaneous radial velocity
measurements (RVs) from Gemini-N/MAROON-X and Keck/HIRES, which we combined
with literature RVs to derive a mass of M=2.24 0.20 M.
We also used two new Sectors of TESS photometry to improve the radius
determination, finding R=, and confirming that
TOI-561 b is one of the lowest-density super-Earths measured to date (=
4.8 0.5 g/cm). This density is consistent with an iron-poor rocky
composition reflective of the host star's iron and rock-building element
abundances; however, it is also consistent with a low-density planet with a
volatile envelope. The equilibrium temperature of the planet (2300 K)
suggests that this envelope would likely be composed of high mean molecular
weight species, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, or silicate vapor, and is
likely not primordial. We also demonstrate that the composition determination
is sensitive to the choice of stellar parameters, and that further measurements
are needed to determine if TOI-561 b is a bare rocky planet, a rocky planet
with an optically thin atmosphere, or a rare example of a non-primordial
envelope on a planet with a radius smaller than 1.5 R.Comment: Accepted to AJ on 11/28/202
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