Análisis del puesto de gerente de instalaciones deportivas: tareas reactivas y proactivas

The need for organizations to adapt to increasingly complex environments has motivated research into standardized managerial tasks (reaction) and tasks related to anticipation, search and extra-role behaviour (proaction) (Toulson & Smith, 1994). This paper has two aims: a) to determine whether there are two distinguishable kinds of managerial tasks which can be identified as reactive/proactive; and b) to study the degree of development of reactive/proactive managerial tasks in recently professionalized sports installations. A survey based on task inventory techniques was specifically designed (Gael, 1988). The sample consisted of 73 managers of diferent kinds of sports installations. Results confirm the existence of reactive and proactive managerial performance. The results also show that proactive tasks are less developed than reactive ones. The implications of the study are discussed.La necesidad que tienen las organizaciones de afrontar ambientes cada vez más complejos, ha motivado la investigación no sólo de tareas directivas estandarizadas (reacción) sino también de aquellas relacionadas con la anticipación, búsqueda y comportamiento extra-rol (proacción) (Toulson y Smith, 1994). En este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene dos objetivos: a) observar si existen dos tipos diferenciados de tareas directivas que pudieran ser identificados como reacción/proacción; y b) explorar cuán desarrolladas están estas dos dimensiones en un ámbito, el de la gestión de instalaciones deportivas, de reciente profesionalización. Para su análisis, se ha desarrollado un cuestionario basado en las técnicas de inventarios de tareas (Gael, 1988). La muestra está formada por 73 gerentes de diferentes tipos de instalaciones deportivas. Los resultados confirman la enistencia de los dos tipos de dimensiones mencionados. Asimismo, se observa que las tareas proactivas están menos desarrolladas que las reactivas. Las implicaciones de estos resultados se detallan en la discusión del trabajo

Análisis del puesto de gerente de instalaciones deportivas: tareas reactivas y proactivas

The need for organizations to adapt to increasingly complex environments has motivated research into standardized managerial tasks (reaction) and tasks related to anticipation, search and extra-role behaviour (proaction) (Toulson & Smith, 1994). This paper has two aims: a) to determine whether there are two distinguishable kinds of managerial tasks which can be identified as reactive/proactive; and b) to study the degree of development of reactive/proactive managerial tasks in recently professionalized sports installations. A survey based on task inventory techniques was specifically designed (Gael, 1988). The sample consisted of 73 managers of diferent kinds of sports installations. Results confirm the existence of reactive and proactive managerial performance. The results also show that proactive tasks are less developed than reactive ones. The implications of the study are discussed.La necesidad que tienen las organizaciones de afrontar ambientes cada vez más complejos, ha motivado la investigación no sólo de tareas directivas estandarizadas (reacción) sino también de aquellas relacionadas con la anticipación, búsqueda y comportamiento extra-rol (proacción) (Toulson y Smith, 1994). En este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene dos objetivos: a) observar si existen dos tipos diferenciados de tareas directivas que pudieran ser identificados como reacción/proacción; y b) explorar cuán desarrolladas están estas dos dimensiones en un ámbito, el de la gestión de instalaciones deportivas, de reciente profesionalización. Para su análisis, se ha desarrollado un cuestionario basado en las técnicas de inventarios de tareas (Gael, 1988). La muestra está formada por 73 gerentes de diferentes tipos de instalaciones deportivas. Los resultados confirman la enistencia de los dos tipos de dimensiones mencionados. Asimismo, se observa que las tareas proactivas están menos desarrolladas que las reactivas. Las implicaciones de estos resultados se detallan en la discusión del trabajo

Pienjännitekatkaisijoiden säätö

Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää pienjännitekatkaisijoiden releiden asettelua, jotta asentajilla ja suunnittelijoilla olisi katkaisijan käyttöönottotilanteessa mahdollista tarkistaa sekä tehdä suojareleen asettelu itse. Tavoitteena oli tehdä kattava kokonaisuus katkaisijan ominaisuuksista ja käytöstä, jolloin sekä katkaisijan asettelu että toiminta selviäisi niin suunnittelijoille kuin asennuksia tekeville henkilöillekin. Tämän opinnäytteen tuloksena syntyi aineisto, josta selviää katkaisijan yleisimmät suojausasettelut, niiden arvojen laskentakaavat sekä selvitys tulosten käyttöä varten. Työn tarkoituksena on toimia kirjallisena selvityksenä pienjännitepuolen katkaisijoiden käytöstä Puolustushallinnon Rakennuslaitoksen suunnittelijoille ja asentajille.Starting point was to make instructions about safe mechanism’s that moulded case circuit breakers (MCCB) has and how to tune those. The main aim was to make it for engineers and assemblers so it would be easier for them to work with MCCB´s. The goal was a wide instruction booklet about MCCB´s, properties, where and why to use. Of course all related to problems that employers on field of electricity will have. In a result, based on study about MCCB´s was made a text and instructions booklet how to set, and use circuit breakers

Structural and functional characterization of (110)-oriented epitaxial La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 electrodes and SrTiO3 tunnel barriers

La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 (LCMO) films have been deposited on (110)-oriented SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy reveal that the (110) LCMO films are epitaxial and anisotropically in-plane strained, with higher relaxation along the [1¿10] direction than along the [001] direction; x-ray absorption spectroscopy data signaled the existence of a single intermediate Mn3+/4+ 3d-state at the film surface. Their magnetic properties are compared to those of (001) LCMO films grown simultaneously on (001) STO substrates It is found that (110) LCMO films present a higher Curie temperature (TC) and a weaker decay of magnetization when approaching TC than their (001) LCMO counterparts. These improved films have been subsequently covered by nanometric STO layers. Conducting atomic-force experiments have shown that STO layers, as thin as 0.8 nm, grown on top of the (110) LCMO electrode, display good insulating properties. We will show that the electric conductance across (110) STO layers, exponentially depending on the barrier thickness, is tunnel-like. The barrier height in STO (110) is found to be similar to that of STO (001). These results show that the (110) LCMO electrodes can be better electrodes than (001) LCMO for magnetic tunnel junctions, and that (110) STO are suitable insulating barriers

Distinct magnetism in ultrathin epitaxial NiFe2O4 films on MgAl2O4 and SrTiO3single crystalline substrates

Spinel ferrites are being considered for advanced spintronic applications. Here, we report on the magnetic properties of ultrathin (3-37 nm) epitaxial films of NiFe2O4 (NFO) on MgAl2O4 (MAO) and SrTiO3 (STO) single crystalline substrates. It is found that NFO films on STO display superparamagnetic response down to 50 K, whereas films grown on MAO display ferrimagnetic response up to room temperature. Microstructural information indicates that this distinct response can be attributed to the different growth mechanisms of the spinel ferrite on the isostructural MAO substrate (two-dimensional growth) and the perovskite STO (Volmer-Weber three-dimensional growth). We discuss the reasons for this distinct behavior and its relevance for the integration of ferrites in epitaxial heterostructures for tunnel devices

Identification of differentially expressed genes in the oviduct of two rabbit lines divergently selected for uterine capacity using suppression subtractive hybridization

This is the accepted version of the following article: Ballester, M.; Castelló, A.; Peiró Barber, RM.; Argente, M. J.;Santacreu Jerez, MA.; Folch, J. M. (2013). Identification of differentially expressed genes in the oviduct of two rabbit lines divergently selected for uterine capacity using suppression subtractive hybridization. Animal Genetics. 44:296-304. doi:10.1111/AGE.12005. , which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/age.12005.[EN] Suppressive subtractive hybridization libraries from oviduct at 62h post-mating of two lines of rabbits divergently selected for uterine capacity were generated to identify differentially expressed genes. A total of 438 singletons and 126 contigs were obtained by cluster assembly and sequence alignment of 704 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), of which 54% showed homology to known proteins of the non-redundant NCBI databases. Differential screening by dot blot validated 71 ESTs, of which 47 showed similarity to known genes. Transcripts of genes were functionally annotated in the molecular function and the biological process gene ontology categories using the blast2go software and were assigned to reproductive developmental process, immune response, amino acid metabolism and degradation, response to stress and apoptosis terms. Finally, three interesting genes, PGR, HSD17B4 and ERO1L, were identified as overexpressed in the low line using RT-qPCR. Our study provides a list of candidate genes that can be useful to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic differences observed in early embryo survival and development traits.We would like to thank Henry Cardona Cadavid for help in the sequencing. This study was funded with project AGL2005-07624-C03.Ballester Devis, M.; Castelló Farre, A.; Peiró Barber, RM.; Argente, MJ.; Santacreu Jerez, MA.; Folch, JM. (2013). Identification of differentially expressed genes in the oviduct of two rabbit lines divergently selected for uterine capacity using suppression subtractive hybridization. Animal Genetics. 44:296-304. https://doi.org/10.1111/AGE.12005S2963044

Retrotransposons are specified as DNA replication origins in the gene-poor regions of Arabidopsis heterochromatin

Genomic stability depends on faithful genome replication. This is achieved by the concerted activity of thousands of DNA replication origins (ORIs) scattered throughout the genome. The DNA and chromatin features determining ORI specification are not presently known. We have generated a high-resolution genome-wide map of 3230 ORIs in cultured Arabidopsis thaliana cells. Here, we focused on defining the features associated with ORIs in heterochromatin. In pericentromeric gene-poor domains ORIs associate almost exclusively with the retrotransposon class of transposable elements (TEs), in particular of the Gypsy family. ORI activity in retrotransposons occurs independently of TE expression and while maintaining high levels of H3K9me2 and H3K27me1, typical marks of repressed heterochromatin. ORI-TEs largely colocalize with chromatin signatures defining GC-rich heterochromatin. Importantly, TEs with active ORIs contain a local GC content higher than the TEs lacking them. Our results lead us to conclude that ORI colocalization with retrotransposons is determined by their transposition mechanism based on transcription, and a specific chromatin landscape. Our detailed analysis of ORIs responsible for heterochromatin replication has implications on the mechanisms of ORI specification in other multicellular organisms in which retrotransposons are major components of heterochromatin and of the entire genome

Oxide wizard: an EELS application to characterize the white lines of transition metal edges

Physicochemical properties of transition metal oxides are directly determined by the oxidation state of the metallic cations. To address the increasing need to accurately evaluate the oxidation states of transition metal oxide systems at the nanoscale, here we present Oxide Wizard. This script for Digital Micrograph characterizes the energy-loss near-edge structure and the position of the transition metal edges in the electron energy-loss spectrum. These characteristics of the edges can be linked to the oxidation states of transition metals with high spatial resolution. The power of the script is demonstrated by mapping manganese oxidation states in Fe3O4/Mn3O4 core/shell nanoparticles with sub-nanometer resolution in real spac

Untangling electrostatic and strain effects on the polarization of ferroelectric superlattices

The polarization of ferroelectric superlattices is determined by both electrical boundary conditions at the ferroelectric/paraelectric interfaces and lattice strain. The combined influence of both factors offers new opportunities to tune ferroelectricity. However, the experimental investigation of their individual impact has been elusive because of their complex interplay. Here, a simple growth strategy has permitted to disentangle both contributions by an independent control of strain in symmetric superlattices. It is found that fully strained short‐period superlattices display a large polarization whereas a pronounced reduction is observed for longer multilayer periods. This observation indicates that the electrostatic boundary mainly governs the ferroelectric properties of the multilayers whereas the effects of strain are relatively minor