What is it like to be a jealous dog?

Jealousy is a good candidate for comparative studies due to its clear adaptive value in protecting social bonds and affective relationships. Dogs are suitable subjects for investigating the evolution of jealousy, thanks to their rather sophisticated socio-cognitive abilities — which in some cases parallel those reported for human infants — and thanks to their long-lasting relationship with humans. The work of Cook and colleagues (2018) addresses the issue of jealousy in dogs through the lens of neuroscience, examining the relationship between the amygdala and jealousy. Their experiment has a number of methodological flaws that prevent distinguishing jealousy from other internal states; it also lacks behavioral indicators that could help in this endeavor. Nevertheless, it is an admirable step towards a multidisciplinary approach to the investigation of non-basic emotions in nonhuman species

Nanocellulose/Fullerene Hybrid Films Assembled at the Air/Water Interface as Promising Functional Materials for Photo-Electrocatalysis

Cellulose nanomaterials have been widely investigated in the last decade, unveiling attractive properties for emerging applications. The ability of sulfated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to guide the supramolecular organization of amphiphilic fullerene derivatives at the air/water interface has been recently highlighted. Here, we further investigated the assembly of Langmuir hybrid films that are based on the electrostatic interaction between cationic fulleropyrrolidines deposited at the air/water interface and anionic CNCs dispersed in the subphase, assessing the influence of additional negatively charged species that are dissolved in the water phase. By means of isotherm acquisition and spectroscopic measurements, we demonstrated that a tetra-sulfonated porphyrin, which was introduced in the subphase as anionic competitor, strongly inhibited the binding of CNCs to the floating fullerene layer. Nevertheless, despite the strong inhibition by anionic molecules, the mutual interaction between fulleropyrrolidines at the interface and the CNCs led to the assembly of robust hybrid films, which could be efficiently transferred onto solid substrates. Interestingly, ITO-electrodes that were modified with five-layer hybrid films exhibited enhanced electrical capacitance and produced anodic photocurrents at 0.4 V vs Ag/AgCl, whose intensity (230 nA/cm2) proved to be four times higher than the one that was observed with the sole fullerene derivative (60 nA/cm2)

Lev Vigotsky and Howard Gardner and the cultivation of science in the preschool age: "Reflections and a case of the application in the Center of child protection"

El objetivo fundamental de la investigación fue indagar acerca de cómo Vigotsky y Gardner planten la enseñanza o cultivo de la ciencia en la edad preescolar y esclarecer, de una manera comprensiva, como esto se concreta en la práctica a partir de un pequeño ejercicio de la aplicación en el Centro de Proyección Infantil.The fundamental objective of the research was to inquire about how Vigotsky and Gardner plant the teaching or cultivation of science in preschool age and to clarify, in a comprehensive way, how this is specified in practice from a small exercise of the application at the Children's Screening Center

Impact of synthetic surfactants and oil dispersants on the gills of juvenile gilthead (Sparus aurata L.)

Histological, scanning electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies were performed on the gills of juvenile gilthead (Sparus aurata L.) exposed to various concentrations of three anionic detergents: sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), safety sea cleaner 2 (SSC2), and FINASOL OSR2, in short term (96 h) and chronic (28 days) experiments. The mortality rate, median lethal concentration (LC50) and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC), were calculated. At concentrations above 10 mg/L, mortality was from 50 to 100% after exposure to SDS and SSC2, both in short term and chronic experiments. Gills were spongiotic and there were many lamellar fusions, membrane disruptions, hydropic degenerations and exfoliations of lamellar and interlamellar epithelium after 96 h of treatment and more markedly after chronic experiment. Microridges of the cell surface were less evident or absent. The enzymes of ion transport were down regulated. Exposure to FINASOL OSR2 (100 mg/L) showed no evident branchial alteration

INTESA System: A New High-performance and Highly Integrated Drywall Façade

INTESA is an innovative vertical envelope for residential, industrial and service tertiary buildings. It is a drywall façade system with high thermal and acoustic properties, embedding electrical and plumbing systems. The system was developed over two years by a multidisciplinary team, which involved researchers, manufacturers and consultants. An integrated approach has been the key element to design and prototype an innovative double cavity drywall façade, composed by plasterboard layers and blown-in cellulose flakes, with and without a thin layer of Phase Change Material. Thermal and acoustical properties have been optimized through laboratory measurements and simulations and later tested in a prototype building

Efecto del uso del suelo sobre rizobacterias fosfatosolubizadoras y diazotroficas en el distrito de riego del río zulia,norte de santander (colombia)

 Se cuantificaron poblaciones de rizobacterias diazotróficas y fosfatosolubilizadoras con el fin de determinar el efecto del uso del suelo durante diferentes períodos de intervención con cultivo de arroz en tres zonas agroecológicas del Distrito de Riego del Zulia. Los resultados mostraron que el manejo del cultivo de arroz en las diferentes zonas estudiadas influyó significativamente sobre la población de microorganismos en todos los medios de cultivo utilizados, excepto en el medio semisólido JMV. La población de estos géneros como Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Beijerinckia spp., se vio influenciada por la fertilidad de los suelos en las diferentes zonas, como resultado de la liberación de exudados de las raíces, como se observó en la zona de Buena Esperanza y Restauración con respecto a Limoncito, donde se encuentran bajas condiciones de materia orgánica y de elementos nutricionales esenciales. Además, se observó que las mayores poblaciones de microorganismos diazotróficos y fosfatosolubilizadores seencontraron en suelos rizosféricos cultivados durante menos de dos años y entre dos y diez años, lo cual evidencia el impacto sobre la microbiota por el manejo de agricultura convencional en estas zonas. Se obtuvieron 28 aislamientos de rizobacterias diazotróficas endófitas, asociativas, de vida libre y fosfatosolubilizadoras según sus características macroscópicas en agar Batata, JMV, Ashby y nutritivo a partir de los análisis de población en las zonas de Buena Esperanza, Restauración y Limoncito. Estos aislamientos se purificaron y conservaron en solución salina estéril (0,85% NaCl) a 4oC en el Laboratorio de Microbiología del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, ICA para posteriores estudios del potencial biofertilizante en suelos arroceros del departamento.Palabras Clave: Rizobacterias, diazotróficas, fosfatosolubilizadoras, fijadoras de nitrógeno

Human Papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes Simplex Virus

Introduction: Some sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are possible risk factors for oral cancer although their role as etiological agents of head and neck cancer is controversial and should be further studied. Among STI that can infect the oral mucosa stand out Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes inflammation and dysplasia in the cervix. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of HPV, C. trachomatis and HSV in benign, potentially malignant and cancerous oral cavity lesions, in Córdoba, Argentina. Methods: We studied oral cytobrush of lesion from 318 patients (149 men and 169 female). Samples consisted of 137 benign lesions (BL), 96 potentially malignant lesions (PML) and 85 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). These were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction method and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was used to detect HPV genotype. Results: The prevalence of HPV was 34% (n=109). The HPV detection rate was increasing as the severity of the lesion increased (28% BL, 35% PML and 42% OSCC). The most frequent HPV genotypes were 6 and 16. There was no statistical significance between HPV, lesions, genotypes and gender. However, greater detection of high-risk HPV could be observed in OSCC and low risk HPV in BL. The prevalence of C. trachomatis was 16% (n=54) and HSV was 3% (n=10). We detected 4% (n=13) co infections HPV- C. trachomatis, mostly in BL and 0.3% (n=1) co infection HPV-HSV in BL too. Conclusions. Due the association of HPV and cervical cancer and morphological similarity of genital and oropharyngeal epithelia, these preliminary results allow us to infer that the evolution of the oral lesions could be influenced not only by the conventional risk factors, also the HPV genotype detected. These results show the importance of detecting these pathogens as well as HPV genotype in all kind of oral lesions. Such data are important to improve our knowledge of the epidemiology of oral HPV and co-infections. Indeed, C. trachomatis infection can alter the normal structure of epithelial cell junctions, increasing susceptibility to HPV or HSV infection, both in genital and oral mucosa.Fil: Mosmann, Jessica Paola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.Fil: Mosmann, Jessica Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Virología Dr. José María Vanella; ArgentinaFil: Talavera, Angel Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Estomatología A; Argentina.Fil: Criscuolo, María Inés. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Estomatología B; Argentina.Fil: Venezuela, Raul Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.Fil: Kiguen, Ana Ximena. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.Fil: Ferreyra de Prato, Ruth. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica A; Argentina.Fil: López de Blanc, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Estomatología B; Argentina.Fil: Ré, Viviana Elisabeth. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.Fil: Ré, Viviana Elisabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Virología Dr. José María Vanella; ArgentinaFil: Cuffini, Cecilia Gabriela . Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.Fil: Cuffini, Cecilia Gabriela . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Virología Dr. José María Vanella; Argentina.Otras Ciencias de la Salu

An Exploratory Study of Field Failures

Field failures, that is, failures caused by faults that escape the testing phase leading to failures in the field, are unavoidable. Improving verification and validation activities before deployment can identify and timely remove many but not all faults, and users may still experience a number of annoying problems while using their software systems. This paper investigates the nature of field failures, to understand to what extent further improving in-house verification and validation activities can reduce the number of failures in the field, and frames the need of new approaches that operate in the field. We report the results of the analysis of the bug reports of five applications belonging to three different ecosystems, propose a taxonomy of field failures, and discuss the reasons why failures belonging to the identified classes cannot be detected at design time but shall be addressed at runtime. We observe that many faults (70%) are intrinsically hard to detect at design-time

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with diagnosis of oral histoplasmosis

Fil: Allende, Adrian Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Estomatología B; Argentina.Fil: Piccioni, Octavio. Hospital Rawson. Servicio de Estomatología. Consultorio de Odontología; Argentina.Fil: Zaya, Alejandro Martín. Hospital Rawson.Servicio de Anatomía Patológica; Argentima.Fil: Belardinelli, Paola Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Estomatología B; Argentina.Fil: Ferreyra de Prato, Ruth. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica A; Argentina.Fil: López de Blanc, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Estomatología B; Argentina.Título: CARACTERÍSTICAS CLÍNICAS Y DE LABORATORIO DE PACIENTES CON DIAGNÓSTICO DE HISTOPLASMOSIS ORAL.Autores: Allende A, Piccioni O, Zaya A, Ferreyra R, Belardinelli P, López de Blanc S.Hospital Rawson. Cátedra de Estomatológica B, Facultad de Odontología U.N.C. La histoplasmosis es una micosis profunda, su agente etiológico es el histoplasma capsulatum, de ubicación intracelular con apetencia por las células retículoendoteliales. En Argentina, las zonas más favorables para su desarrollo, comprenden el centro, este y noreste del país. Objetivo: describir y analizar las características clínicas y de laboratorio de casos de histoplasmosis con manifestación bucal. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de histoplasmosis, atendidos por nuestro equipo, en el servicio de Estomatología del Hospital Rawson Córdoba Argentina y en la cátedra de Estomatología B de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba durante el período 1995 ? 2019. Se analizó: sexo, edad, lugar de procedencia, manifestaciones clínicas, parámetros de laboratorio, métodos de diagnóstico y asociación con otras patologías. Se aplicó el test de Chi2 Resultados: se estudiaron un total de 35 casos, el sexo predominante fue el masculino, 88% (n: 31), la edad promedio fue de 41 años (rango 24-72). Todos los casos provenían de zona endémica, excepto uno de la provincia de Catamarca. El 77% de los pacientes (n: 27) fue VIH (+). La localización más frecuente de las lesiones fue boca y orofaringe, 66% (n 23). Respecto a las lesiones bucales el 70% (n: 40) eran ulceradas. El grupo de pacientes VIH (+) es el que tuvo menor demora en el diagnóstico. La biopsia fue el método de diagnóstico más efectivo en el 97% de los casos (n: 34). En cuanto a parámetros de laboratorio de los pacientes VIH+ el 55% (n: 16) presentaron <4000 leucocitos y un promedio de 48 CD4. El ser VIH (+), tener bajos los glóbulos blancos y los CD4 (p<0,007) está asociado a la presencia de histoplasmosis. No se encontró asociación entre los parámetros de laboratorio, la forma clínica, el tamaño, ni con el número de lesiones Conclusión: la edad inferior a 30años, la detección de niveles bajos de glóbulos blancos y valores <400 CD4 por mm3 en un paciente con histoplasmosis, son muy sugestivos de inmunosupresión.Histoplasmosis is a deep mycosis, its etiological agent is histoplasma capsulatum, located intracellularly with appetite for reticuloendothelial cells. In Argentina, the most favorable areas for its development include the center, east and northeast of the country. OBJECTIVE: to describe and analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics of cases of histoplasmosis with oral manifestation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: an observational, descriptive and retrospective study of the medical records of patients diagnosed with histoplasmosis, attended by our team, was carried out in the Stomatology service of the Rawson Córdoba Argentina Hospital and in the Stomatology B Service of the Faculty of Dentistry from the National University of Córdoba during the period 1995 - 2019. Sex, age, place of origin, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, diagnostic methods and association with other pathologies were analyzed. The Chi2 test was applied. RESULTS: a total of 35 cases were studied, the predominant sex was male, 88% (n: 31), the average age was 41 years (range 24-72). All cases were from endemic areas, except one from the province of Catamarca. The 77% of the patients (n: 27) were HIV (+). The most frequent location of the lesions was mouth and oropharynx, 66% (n 23). Regarding oral lesions, 70% (n: 40) were ulcerated. The group of HIV (+) patients had the shortest delay in diagnosis. Biopsy was the most effective diagnostic method in 97% of cases (n: 34). Regarding laboratory parameters of HIV+ patients, 55% (n: 16) had <4000 leukocytes and an average of 48 CD4. Being HIV (+), having low white blood cells and CD4 (p<0.007) is associated with the presence of histoplasmosis. No association was found between laboratory parameters, clinical form, size, nor with the number of lesions. CONCLUSION: the age under 30 years, the detection of Low levels of white blood cells and values lower than 400 CD4 per mm3 of blood in a patient with histoplasmosis, are highly suggestive of immunosuppressionhttps://drive.google.com/file/d/1PrPc-umpPXQMcRT3GP-ghNsS0kDzVMKQ/viewFil: Allende, Adrian Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Estomatología B; Argentina.Fil: Piccioni, Octavio. Hospital Rawson. Servicio de Estomatología. Consultorio de Odontología; Argentina.Fil: Zaya, Alejandro Martín. Hospital Rawson.Servicio de Anatomía Patológica; Argentima.Fil: Belardinelli, Paola Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Estomatología B; Argentina.Fil: Ferreyra de Prato, Ruth. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica A; Argentina.Fil: López de Blanc, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Estomatología B; Argentina.Odontología, Medicina y Cirugía Ora

A metagenomics study on Hirschsprung&apos;s disease associated enterocolitis: Biodiversity and gut microbial homeostasis depend on resection length and patient&apos;s clinical history

Objectives: Since 2010, several researches demonstrated that microbiota dynamics correlate and can even predispose to Hirschsprung (HSCR) associated enterocolitis (HAEC). This study aims at assessing the structure of the microbiota of HSCR patients in relation to extent of aganglionosis and HAEC status. Methods: All consecutive HSCR patients admitted to Gaslini Institute (Genova, Italy) between May 2012 and November 2014 were enrolled. Institutional review board (IRB) approval was obtained. Stools were sampled and 16S rDNA V3-V4 regions were sequenced using the Illumina-MiSeq. Taxonomy assignments were performed using QIIME RDP. Alpha diversity indexes were analyzed by Shannon and Simpson Indexes, and Phylogenetic Diversity. Results: We enrolled 20 patients. Male to female ratio was 4:1. Six patients suffered from Total Colonic Aganglionosis (TCSA). Considering sample site (i.e., extent of aganglionosis), we confirmed the known relationship between sample site and both biodiversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. Patients with TCSA showed lower biodiversity and increased Proteobacteria/Bacteroidetes relative abundance ratio. When addressing biodiversity, composition and dynamics of TCSA patients we could not find any significant relationship with regard to HAEC occurrences. Conclusions: The composition of HAEC predisposing microbiota is specific to each patient. We could confirm that total colon resections can change the composition of intestinal microbiota and to dramatically reduce microbial diversity. The subsequent reduction of system robustness could expose TCSA patients to environmental microbes that might not be part of the normal microbiota. Future long-term studies should investigate both patients and their family environment, as well as their disease history