Ultrasonographic Detection of Interstitial Nephritis in a Canine Fetus

Background: A detailed ultrasound examination of the fetal urinary tract as part of prenatal care is important to detect possible abnormalities. Early diagnosis can prevent more serious damage such as loss of kidney function. Interstitial nephritis can compromise renal functionality. Also, acute interstitial nephritis is a frequent cause of acute kidney injury and can become chronic if not treated. Besides, a renal biopsy can help in the diagnosis and at the staging of the disease. Therefore, this report aims to describe the ultrasonographic findings of the renal tissues in a canine fetus affected by interstitial nephritis.Case: Gestational ultrasound evaluations were performed in a female Pug, at the 25th, 45th, and 58th gestational days. Ultrasound examination was performed with a 9.0 MHz linear transducer and a high-resolution digital transducer with a frequency standardized at 17.0 MHz. During the first evaluation, embryonic vesicles were detected and were compatible with the gestational period. At 45 days of gestation, some abnormalities were observed in the kidneys of one of the fetuses, such as increased cortical echogenicity, cortical thickening, loss of corticomedullary ratio (1:1), renal pelvis and ureter dilatation by echogenic content. Biparietal and abdominal diameters were also lower than that from the other fetuses, which did not show abnormalities, being compatible with the estimated gestational age. However, the heart rate was similar among all fetuses. On the 58th day, we observed in the underdeveloped fetus that both kidneys still presented the abnormalities seen previously, in addition to the presence of a cystic structure in the right kidney, in the cranial topography of the cortex. The other fetuses kept showing normal ultrasonographic findings, normal heartbeat, all of these compatible with the ultrasound gestational age. The delivery occurred without complications and only the underdeveloped fetus stillborn. Then, it was submitted to a necropsy where chronic interstitial nephritis was found in the histopathological analysis.Discussion: Adequate prenatal care is important to detect abnormalities in fetuses, in which ultrasound examination allows to access fetal development. The gestation in the bitch seemed to be occurring without complications, but the B mode and High Definition ultrasound techniques were able to identify abnormal development of the fetus' kidneys. Both techniques showed to be secure to the fetuses and the mother, as they are non-invasive and free of radiation. These findings, different from those described as normal for a fetus, reinforce the warning signal for a possible establishment of anomalies consistent with nephropathy. Still, histopathology is important to exclude other diseases and help to define prognosis. Interstitial nephritis can significantly affect perinatal survey, considering that the fetus was stillborn, confirming that the description of such anomalies can help to prevent disease. Since nephritis can be associate with the use of some medicines, the orientation of the owner regarding drug use during bitch pregnancy is essential.  Therefore, this is the first report describing renal abnormalities in a canine fetus, which highlights the importance of ultrasound examination for disease identification in prenatal care. Lastly, high-resolution ultrasound (HD) could provide detailed information on abnormalities in the fetal kidney

High-definition ultrasonography in the evaluation of the reproductive tract of bitches during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle

The aim was to sonographically evaluate the reproductive tract of bitches during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle using High Density (HD) ultrasonic techniques. Females (n = 8) were evaluated at five different times throughout the follicular phase, as determined by vaginal cytology and blood progesterone concentrations. Ultrasonic exams were performed using the ACUSON S2000/SIEMENS device utilizing a multifrequency HD transducer (5.5–18 MHz). Videos of the ovaries were obtained and recordings were evaluated using a DICOM viewer software for counting and measuring the ovarian structures, which were assigned to groups based on diameter in mm: G1: ≤ 1; G2: from 1.01 to 3.5; G3 from 3.51 to 5.5; G4: from 5.51 to 10. There was a greater uterine thickness with the progression of the follicular phase (P < 0.05). Six distinct regions were identified in the uterine wall. The ovarian dimensions increased (P < 0.05) as stage of the follicular phase advanced. There was fluid detected around the ovaries after ovulation. There was a characteristic fat tissue hyperechogenicity around the ovaries at all timepoints. There was a difference in the number of ovarian structures of each dimension group at each time there were assessments (P < 0.05). There was a difference in diameter of the largest ovarian structure and in average value of wall thickness at all timepoints when there were evaluations (P < 0.05). The HD ultrasonography technique provides for excellent image resolution, allowing for a more precise characterization of the bitch's reproductive structures and changes occurring during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Maturação in vitro de oócitos de ovelhas Santa Inês submetidas a sucessivas sessões de aspiração folicular por videolaparoscopia

O sucesso da produção in vitro de embriões requer a utilização de uma técnica de recuperação eficiente de oócitos, e os melhores resultados têm sido obtidos pela aspiração laparoscópica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de sucessivas sessões de aspirações foliculares na quantidade, qualidade e capacidade de maturação in vitro de oócitos obtidos de ovelhas submetidas à estimulação hormonal prévia (80 mg FSH + 300 UI eCG). Foram selecionadas seis ovelhas (n=6) da raça Santa Inês, as quais foram submetidas a nove sessões de aspiração folicular por vídeolaparoscopia com intervalo de sete dias, totalizando 56 aspirações. Ao final do período de cultivo de 24 horas, os oócitos foram corados e classificados quanto ao estádio de maturação nuclear e citoplasmática. A taxa de recuperação foi de 61,4±2%, observando-se ausência de variação entre as sessões (p>0,05), e a média de oócitos recuperados por fêmeas de 6,4±2 por semana, com um total de 249 oócitos recuperados, sendo a média de 42±4 oócitos por fêmea no total das apirações. Não houve diferença significativa entre a classificação da maturação nuclear (p=0,937), mas sim entre a maturação citoplasmática (p0,05) and the mean of recovered oocytes per ewe was 6,36±2,0 per week. There was no significant difference among nuclear maturation classification (p=0,937), but there was significant difference among citoplasmatic maturation (p<0,0001). There was no statistical variation among weeks to nuclear maturation (p=0,908), neither to citoplasmatic maturation (p=0,792). We could conclude that after nine consecutive sessions of follicle aspiration the number and quality of the recovery oocytes were constant, as well as nuclear and citoplasmatic maturation rates. Therefore, laparoscopic recovery of oocytes is a viable technique for repeated follicle aspiration in the same donorFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Desenvolvimento de trilhas de aprendizagem por meio da metodologia de decomposição comportamental: estudo de caso na Universidade Federal do Pará

The research discusses the topic of Competencies Management, more precisely on the development of Learning Paths. According to Freitas (2002), Learning Paths are alternative and flexible paths to promote people development, and it emerges as an alternative to traditional training model, allowing greater autonomy for professionals. Thus, the research aimed to propose and evaluate if the methodology of behavioral decomposition proposed by Santos (2009) is feasible for the development of learning paths. The research took place at the Universidade Federal do Pará, with the participation of 68 technical workers from the staff belonging to the position of Administrative Assistant. We have proposed to these workers two learning paths, such as a classroom course on Portuguese & Official Writing and an online course on Portuguese & Official Writing. Results of learning and competencies evaluations indicate that the methodology of behavioral decomposition is feasible for the development of learning paths. The research is exploratory, and was conducted in two phases to obtain the resultsA pesquisa trata sobre a temática de Gestão por Competências, mais precisamente sobre o desenvolvimento de Trilhas de Aprendizagem. Conforme Freitas (2002) Trilhas de Aprendizagem são caminhos alternativos e flexíveis para promover o desenvolvimento de pessoas e surge como alternativa ao modelo de grades de treinamento, possibilitando maior autonomia para os profissionais. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa teve como objetivo propor e avaliar se a metodologia de decomposição comportamental proposta por Santos (2009) é viável para a elaboração das trilhas de aprendizagem. A pesquisa ocorreu na Universidade Federal do Pará, contando com a participação de 68 servidores técnico-administrativos pertencentes ao cargo de Assistente de Administração. Foram propostas duas trilhas de aprendizagem a esses servidores, na forma de um curso presencial de Português e Redação Oficial e um curso de Português e Redação Oficial à distância. Os resultados das avaliações de aprendizagem e de competências apontam que, a metodologia de decomposição comportamental é viável para o desenvolvimento de trilhas de aprendizagem. A pesquisa tem caráter exploratório, e foi realizada em duas fases para a obtenção dos resultadosENAP - Escola Nacional de Administração PúblicaUFPA - Universidade Federal do ParáUAB - Universidade Aberta do Brasi

Ação de fármacos nas contrações da musculatura da cérvix de suínos

Pharmacological manipulation of cervix has a potentially important role for aiding either artificial insemination or embryo transfer in species requiring surgical procedures to aid conception. By studying basic pharmacological and mechanical properties of the cervix, we aimed with this study to provide a better knowledge about cervical smooth muscle activity and then present and discuss insights into possible drugs for the pig that could facilitate biotechnological procedures for reproduction. Circular (CM) and longitudinal (LM) smooth muscle strips were dissected from porcine uterus (cornu and corpus) and cervix and prepared for isometric tension recording in organ-bath of 20mL of modified Krebs Henseleit solution (pH 7.4) maintained at 37oC and gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Cervical strips produced larger mechanical responses than the uterine segments, but exhibited less spontaneous activity. All preparations responded in a frequency-dependent manner to electrical field stimulation (EFS, 2Hz-32Hz, 300mA for 30s) with a contraction. Especially in cervix, after neurogenic responses, there was a period of important muscular quiescence until the resume of normal spontaneous activity. In most cervical preparations (CM and LM) atropine abolished neurogenic contractions, highlighting a major role for cholinergic nerves and muscarinic receptors, but a small proportion of preparations exhibited atropine-resistant responses. These responses were not affected by phentolamine, and neither by prazosina and phenylephrine suggesting no role for alpha-adrenoceptors. L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginina-metil-ester) did not affect the cervical smooth muscle activity, excluding the role of nitric oxide. Diltiazem, papaverine and isoprenaline inhibited neurogenic contractions in CM and LM strips of the cervix, consistent with important roles for voltage-sensitive calcium channels, phosphodiesterase and beta-adrenoceptors, respectively. However, RP73401 ...A manipulação farmacológica da cérvix possui potencial importante na assistência à biotécnicas da reprodução, como inseminação artificial e transferência de embriões, em espécies que o acesso transcervical ao útero é muito difícil e, portanto, necessitam de procedimento cirúrgico para aumentar as taxas de concepção. Por meio de estudos básicos das propriedades mecânicas e farmacológicas da cérvix, objetivou-se com este estudo fornecer maior conhecimento da atividade da musculatura lisa da cérvix e então apresentar e discutir possibilidades de fármacos que possam relaxá-la e, portanto facilitar a passagem transcervical. Segmentos do músculo liso circular (MC) e longitudinal (ML) foram dissecados do útero (corno e corpo) e cérvix de suínos e preparados para tensão isométrica em banhos de órgão isolados de 20mL de solução modificada de Krebs-Henseleit (pH 7,4) gaseificada com 95% O2: 5% CO2 a 37°C. Os segmentos da cérvix apresentaram maiores respostas mecânicas do que os uterinos, mas exibiram menor atividade espontânea. Todas as preparações responderam de maneira dependente à frequência de estimulação de força elétrica (EFE, 2Hz - 32Hz, 300mA, por 30s). Especialmente na cérvix, após as respostas neurogênicas, houve um período de quiescência muscular importante até que as atividades espontâneas retornassem ao normal. Na maioria das preparações cervicais (MC e ML) a atropina aboliu as contrações neurogênicas, destacando um maior envolvimento para inervação colinérgica e receptores muscarínicos, mas uma pequena proporção das preparações se mostraram resistente à atropina. Estas respostas não foram afetadas pela fentolamina, e nem pela prazosina e fenilefrina, sugerindo a ausência de receptores alfa-adrenérgicos. L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginina-metil-ester) não teve nenhum efeito sobre a atividade muscular cervical, excluindo o envolvimento de óxido nítrico. Diltiazem..

Pre-emptive methadone or tramadol analgesia for mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy in bitches

Summary Background: mastectomy in bitches is a critical surgery and pain control can be challenging. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of pre-emptive analgesia with methadone (MET) or tramadol (TRA) in postoperative pain management, cardiorespiratory effects, and anaesthetic/analgesic consumption in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVH) and mastectomy. Methods: a prospective randomized blind clinical trial was used to evaluate 48 bitches of various breeds, aged 10±3.7 years, weighing 16±12 kg, and with multiple mammary tumours. The animals were distributed in two groups: TRA group received 5 mg/kg tramadol and MET group 0.5 mg/kg methadone intramuscularly, 10 minutes prior to anaesthesia induction with propofol followed by maintenance with isoflurane. Heart (HR) and respiratory (RR) rates, mean arterial pressure (MAP), propofol induction dose (PID), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), end-tidal isoflurane concentration (EtISO), and carbon dioxide pressure (EtCO2) were measured during the intra-operative period. Post-operative pain was evaluated for 12 hours and rated according to the Melbourne pain scale. Rescue analgesia (0.5 mg/kg methadone, 2 mg/kg lidocaine, or 0.01 mg/kg/min ketamine IV) was given when necessary and post-operative analgesic consumption recorded. Statistical tests were used to compare treatments. Results: rescue analgesia requirements, pain score, PID and analgesic consumption were significantly lower (p<0.05) in MET group. The HR was higher in TRA group, while EtCO2 and MAP were higher in MET group (p<0.05). Conclusions: methadone was more effective than tramadol in pre-emptive analgesia but not completely adequate on controlling pain in bitches subjected to unilateral mastectomy and OVH. MET led to lower cardiovascular depression and lower propofol dose required for anesthesia induction. However, methadone increased EtCO2 and thus special care with patient ventilation is advised.Resumo Introdução: a mastectomia em cadelas é um procedimento severamente álgido e o controle da dor é um desafio. Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia da analgesia preventiva com metadona ou tramadol sob dor pós-operatória, parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e consumo anestésico em cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia e mastectomia. Métodos: ensaio clínico prospectivo cego randomizado em 48 cadelas, de diferentes raças, idade 10 ± 3,7 anos, peso 16 ± 12 kg com tumores mamários múltiplos. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo TRA, tramadol 5 mg/kg e grupo MET, metadona 0,5 mg/kg por via intramuscular, administrados 10 minutos antes da indução anestésica com propofol e manutenção com isofluorano. As variáveis mensuradas foram: frequência cardíaca (FC), respiratória (fR), pressão arterial média (PAM), dose de indução propofol (PID), saturação da oxihemoglobina (SpO2), concentração de isofluorano (EtISO) e pressão de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) ao final da expiração. A dor pós-operatória foi avaliada durante 12 horas (Escala Melbourne). A necessidade de resgate (metadona 0.5 mg/kg, lidocaína 2 mg/kg, ou cetamina 0.01 mg/kg/min IV) analgésico e o consumo pós-operatório de analgésicos foram registrados. Testes estatísticos foram utilizados para comparar os tratamentos. Resultados: a necessidade de resgate analgésico, escore de dor, PID e o consumo de analgésicos foram menores (p<0,05) no grupo MET. A FC maior no grupo TRA, enquanto EtCO2 e PAM maiores no grupo MET (p<0,05). Conclusões: a administração preventiva de metadona foi mais eficaz, mas não totalmente adequada para o controle da dor pós-operatória do que o tramadol, promovendo redução na depressão cardiovascular e o requerimento de propofol para indução da anestesia. No entanto, a metadona aumentou a EtCO2, recomendando cuidado especial com a ventilação dos pacientes.Resumen Fundamento: la mastectomia en perras es un procedimiento severamente álgido y el control del dolor es un desafío. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento analgésico preventivo con metadona (MET) o tramadol (TRA) sobre el dolor postoperatorio, parámetros cardiorrespiratorios y consumo de anestésicos en perras sometidas a ovariohisterectomía (OVH) y mastectomía. Métodos: ensayo clínico prospectivo aleatorizado ciego en 48 perras de diversas razas, edad 10±3,7, peso corporal 16±12 kg y con múltiples tumores mamarios. Los animales fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: el grupo TRA recibió 5 mg/kg de tramadol y el grupo MET 0,5 mg/kg de metadona por vía intramuscular 10 minutos antes de inducir anestesia con propofol seguido de mantenimiento con isofluorano. Las variables evaluadas fueron: frecuencia cardíaca (HR), respiratoria (RR), presión arterial media (MAP), dosis de inducción con propofol (PID), saturación de oxihemoglobina (SpO2), concentración de isofluorano (EtISO) y presión de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) medidos durante el proceso intra-operativo. El dolor postoperatorio fue evaluado de acuerdo con la escala Melbourne durante 12 horas. Analgesia de rescate (metadona 0.5 mg/kg, lidocaína 2 mg/kg, o ketamina 0.01 mg/kg/min IV) se suministró cuando se consideró necesario, y se registró el consumo de analgésico posterior a la cirugia. Se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas para comparar los tratamientos. Resultados: los requerimientos de rescate analgésico, intensidad del dolor, PID y consumo analgésico fueron significativamente menores (p<0,05) en el grupo MET. La HR fue mayor en el grupo TRA, mientras que EtCO2 y MAP fueron mayores en el grupo MET (p<0,05). Conclusiones: la administración preventiva de MET es más eficaz que el tramadol, pero no completamente adecuada para el control del dolor posoperatorio en perras sometidas a mastectomia unilateral y OVH. MET promueve menor depresión cardiovascular y requerimiento de propofol para inducción anestésica. Sin embargo, dado que MET incrementa la EtCO2, se recomienda cuidado especial con la ventilación de estos pacientes