The Effects of the Russia - Ukraine War on Global Trade

The Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has created a catastrophic humanitarian crisis and threatened the stability of geopolitical relations. The war has added to mounting concerns about a sharp slowdown in global growth, a rise in inflation and debt and a surge in poverty. The economic impact of conflict has rippled through various global channels, including commodity and financial markets, trade and migration links and confidence. The aim of this research is to reveal the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war on the global economy. While examining the economic impacts of the war in the research, the reports of organizations such as OECD, World Trade Organization, World Bank, UN, IMF, UNCTAD were used. According to the reports, it is possible to say that the conflict between Russia and Ukraine will affect the global economy via three main channels: financial sanctions, increase of commodity prices and supply chain disruptions.

El efecto del entrenamiento cinético de vida en el aprendizaje de la técnica de tiro-put glide y parámetros motóricos

This study determined the effect of life kinetic (LK) training on the learning of glide techniques, shot performance and motor parameters of students in the faculty of sports sciences. A total of 54 students, 24 females (19.2±2.1years) and 30 males (19.6 ± 1.9 years), who were studying in faculty of sports sciences participated in the research.  Students participated in the track and field lesson twice a week for 12 weeks. The experimental group was made to exercise LK training for 30 minutes before each lesson after the general warm-up. Before and after the 12-weeks of training, measurements were taken from students two times. Willcoxon T-test was applied in order to determine whether or not there were differences between the pre-test and post-test which were applied before and after the training program. Mann Whitney U test was used in order to determine whether or not there was a difference between the two groups. Statistical significance level was taken as p<0.05As a result of the research, statistically significant differences were determined between the experimental and control group in the shot put distance, glide technique, agility, visual reaction, auditory reaction parameters. In brief, it may be stated that LK training positively affected the development of skills and technical learning of students.  Este estudio determinó el efecto del entrenamiento cinético de la vida (LK) sobre el aprendizaje de técnicas de deslizamiento, rendimiento de tiro y parámetros motores de estudiantes de la facultad de ciencias del deporte. Participaron de la investigación 54 estudiantes, 24 mujeres (19,2 ± 2,1 años) y 30 hombres (19,6 ± 1,9 años), que cursaban estudios en la facultad de ciencias del deporte. Los estudiantes participaron en la lección de pista y campo dos veces por semana durante 12 semanas. Se hizo que el grupo experimental ejercitara el entrenamiento LK durante 30 minutos antes de cada lección después del calentamiento general. Antes y después de las 12 semanas de formación, se tomaron medidas de los estudiantes dos veces. Se aplicó la prueba T de Willcoxon para determinar si existían diferencias entre la prueba previa y la prueba posterior que se aplicaron antes y después del programa de entrenamiento. Se utilizó la prueba U de Mann Whitney para determinar si había o no una diferencia entre los dos grupos. El nivel de significancia estadística se tomó como p <0.05 Como resultado de la investigación, se determinaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo experimental y control en la distancia de lanzamiento de bala, técnica de planeo, agilidad, reacción visual, parámetros de reacción auditiva. En resumen, se puede afirmar que la formación LK afectó positivamente el desarrollo de habilidades y el aprendizaje técnico de los estudiantes

The role of travel intermediaries in the development of sustainable mountain tourism. The case of Turkey

The aim of the study is to investigate the current situation of mountain tourism and its sustainability in Turkey as a new and ascending tourism product. In addition, tourism policies of Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism in the mountain tourism area are scrutinized. Not only the tourism policies of the government are enough to promote a new alternative tourism type, but also the role and effects of tourism middlemen such as travel agencies, tour operators, and tour wholesalers cannot be denied in the promotion of a destination. Mountain tourism can be accepted and classified as one of these mentioned alternative and newly developed types of tourism in many destinations. Therefore, mountain tourism could be one of the best alternative tourism opportunities for many destinations if they have sufficient resources, namely naturally attractive mountains and related infra and/or superstructure

El papel de los intermediarios de viajes en el desarrollo del turismo sostenible de montaña. El caso de Turquía

The aim of the study is to investigate the current situation of mountain tourism and its sustainability in Turkey as a new and ascending tourism product. In addition, tourism policies of Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism in the mountain tourism area are scrutinized. Not only the tourism policies of the government are enough to promote a new alternative tourism type, but also the role and effects of tourism middlemen such as travel agencies, tour operators, and tour wholesalers cannot be denied in the promotion of a destination. Mountain tourism can be accepted and classifi ed as one of these mentioned alternative and newly developed types of tourism in many destinations. Therefore, mountain tourism could be one of the best alternative tourism opportunities for many destinations if they have suffi cient resources, namely naturally attractive mountains and related infra and/or superstructure.El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la situación actual del turismo de montaña y su sostenibilidad en Turquía como un nuevo y ascendente producto turístico. Además, las políticas turísticas del Ministerio turco de Cultura y Turismo en el área de turismo de montaña son objeto de revisión. En la promoción del nuevos tipos de turismo alternativo no sólo se encuentra implicada la política turística desarrollada por el gobierno, sino que infl uyen sobremanera el papel y los efectos de los intermediarios turísticos, tales como agencias de viajes, operadores y mayoristas turísticos que promueven un destino. El turismo de montaña puede ser aceptado y se clasifica como una de estas alternativas a los productos más convencionales y se inserta en los tipos de reciente desarrollo en muchos destinos. Por lo tanto, el turismo de montaña podría ser una de las mejores oportunidades de turismo alternativo para muchos destinos si tienen los recursos suficientes, las montañas como atractivos naturales y condiciones infra y superestructurales

Thermal necrosis-aided dental implant removal:A rabbit model pilot study

The significant advances in the materials and biological aspects of dental implants haven?t completely eradicated the implant failures. The removal of osseointegrated but otherwise failed implants present several challenges including adjacent tissues damage and necessity of bone augmentation for reimplantation. Controlled thermal necrosis has emerged as an alternative technique to aid removal of osseointegrated dental implants with minimal to no defect to healthy bone or surrounding tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the thermal necrosis-aided implant removal method in a rabbit osseointegration model. A total of 8 male New Zealand rabbits were used in the study. Two dental implants were placed on each femur of the rabbits. Heating of the implants was performed after 7 weeks following the implantation. Heating was done by contacting the tip of an electrosurgey tool in monopolar mode at different power settings and contact durations (5W ? 2 seconds, 5W ? 10 seconds, and 10 W ? 10 seconds). No heating was done on the control group. Implant stability right after implantation, before heat application and after heat application was determined using an Osstell? Mentor Device. Following the removal of implants histological analyses were performed to determine the effects of heat application at cellular level. ISQ values of the 10W-10s group was significantly lower compared to the other groups (p<0.001). No indication of progressive necrosis or irreversible damage was observed in any of the groups. However, the percent of empty-apoptotic lacunae were statistically higher in the 5W-10s and the 10W-10s groups compared the control and the 5W-2s groups. Within the conditions of this study, we conclude that heat application with an electrosurgery tool using monopolar mode at 10W power for 10 seconds is optimal for reversing osseointegration with no extensive or progressive damage to the bone

Instant determination of the artemisinin from various Artemisia annua L. extracts by LC-ESI-MS/MS and their in-silico modelling and in vitro antiviral activity studies against SARS-CoV-2

Introduction Numerous efforts in natural product drug development are reported for the treatment of Coronavirus. Based on the literature, among these natural plants Artemisia annua L. shows some promise for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Objective The main objective of our study was to determine artemisinin content by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), to investigate the in vitro biological activity of artemisinin from the A. annua plants grown in Turkey with various extracted methods, to elaborate in silico activity against SARS-CoV-2 using molecular modelling. Methodology Twenty-one different extractions were applied. Direct and sequential extractions studies were compared with ultrasonic assisted maceration, Soxhlet, and ultra-rapid determined artemisinin active molecules by LC-ESI-MS/MS methods. The inhibition of spike protein and main protease (3CL) enzyme activity of SARS-CoV-2 virus was assessed by time resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay. Results Artemisinin content in the range 0.062-0.066%. Artemisinin showed significant inhibition of 3CL protease activity but not Spike/ACE-2 binding. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of artemisinin against SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudovirus was found greater than 50 mu M (EC45) in HEK293T cell line whereas the cell viability was 94% of the control (P < 0.01). The immunosuppressive effects of artemisinin on TNF-alpha production on both pseudovirus and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 cells were found significant in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion Further studies of these extracts for COVID-19 treatment will shed light to seek alternative treatment options. Moreover, these natural extracts can be used as an additional treatment option with medicines, as well as prophylactic use can be very beneficial for patients

Different features of lung involvement in Niemann-Pick disease and Gaucher disease

SummaryBackgroundNiemann-Pick disease (NPD) and Gaucher disease (GD) are well-known lysosomal storage diseases. Respiratory system involvement is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with NPD and GD.ObjectivesWe tried to assess the clinical, radiological, and histological features of GD and NPD patients with lung involvement.MethodsWe reviewed medical history, physical examination, radiological, and histological data of 10 NPD and 7 GD patients.ResultsThe most common respiratory symptoms were recurrent lung infection and dyspnea. Although lung examination results in 6 NPD patients were normal, they had lung involvement; 3 patients were diagnosed as NPD directly via lung biopsy during investigation of recurrent lung infection or interstitial lung disease. All GD patients but 1 had respiratory system symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Hepatopulmonary syndrome was present in 4 GD patients. A ground-glass pattern and atelectasis were 2 important high-resolution computed tomography features in the NPD and GD patients. Flexible bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage were used for emergency extraction of bronchial casts in 1 NPD patient.ConclusionsLung involvement in NPD and GD patients should be included in the differential diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. Besides interstitial appearance on HRCT, atelectasis related to bronchial cast and bronchiectasis are other radiological findings in these group of patients. Analysis of bronchoalveolar fluid and lung biopsy provide very important clues for diagnosis. Hepatopulmonary syndrome is an important vascular complication observed in GD patients

Characteristics of food allergy in children: National multicenter study

Conference: Congress of the European-Academy-of-Allergy-and-Clinical-Immunology (EAACI) Location: Lisbon, PORTUGAL Date: JUN 01-05, 2019Background : Food allergies impose a significant burden on the life of the child and the family. In this study, to determine the demographic characteristics of food allergies, we investigated the characteristics of patients with food allergies in different regions of Pediatric Allergy- Immunology departments in Turkey. Method : Turkey ' s National Study of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Society has conducted a Study Group on Food Allergies. 25 centers participated in this multicenter, cross- sectional and descriptive study.European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunolog

The investigation of the relationship between physical activity level, digital game addiction and attention levels of children between 10-14 years

Yapılan çalışmanın amacı, dikkat düzeyi, fiziksel aktivite seviyesi ve dijital oyun bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 10-14 yaşları arasında toplam 245 çocuk (kız=131 erkek=114) katılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan çocukların fiziksel aktivite seviyeleri İlköğretim Öğrencileri İçin Fiziksel Aktivite Soru Formu ile dijital oyun bağımlılığı Çocuklar İçin Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ile dikkat düzeyleri ise D2 dikkat testi ile belirlenmiştir. Dikkat düzeyi, dijital oyun bağımlılığı ve fiziksel aktivite seviyesi arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemede Spearman Korelasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Fiziksel aktivite seviyesi ile dijital oyun bağımlılığı ve dikkatin belirleyici parametresi olan TN-E ile dijital oyun bağımlılığı arasında negatif anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (p<0.01). Ayrıca çalışmaya katılan çocukların büyük bir çoğunluğunun TN-E dikkat düzeylerinin iyi kategorisinde, dijital oyun bağımlılığı seviyelerinin risksiz kategorisinde ve fiziksel aktivite seviyesinin ise orta seviyede olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çocukların fiziksel aktivite seviyelerinin artmasının dijital oyun bağımlılığını azaltacağı ve dikkat düzeylerini artıracağı söylenebilir. Ayrıca çocukların dijital oyun bağımlılıklarının azalmasının dikkat düzeylerini olumlu yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir. Bu durum göz önüne alınarak ailelerin ve öğretmenlerin çocukların boş zamanlarını dijital oyunlar ile geçirmelerini engelleyip, fiziksel hareketlerin ön planda olduğu oyunlara yönlendirmelerinin önemli olduğu söylenebilir.The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between attention level, physical activity level (PAL) and digital game addiction (DGA). A total of 245 children (female=131 male=114) between the ages of 10 and 14 years participated in the study. The PALs of the children participating in the study were determined by Physical Activity Questionnaire for Primary Education Students, DGAs by Digital Game Addiction Scale for Children and attention levels by D2 Attention Test. Spearman Correlation Analysis was used to determine the relationship between attention level, DGA and PAL. It was found out that there was a negative significant correlation between PAL and DGA, and between TN-E the predominant parameter of attention and DGA level (p<0.01). Moreover, it was determined that the TN-E attention levels of a large majority of the children participating in the study were in the good category and the DGA levels were in the risk-free category while PALs were in the midlevel. As a result of it can be said that the increase in the PAL3 of children will decrease their DGA. It is also thought that the decrease in children's DGA will affect their attention levels positively. Taking this into consideration, it could be said that it is essential for parents and teachers to prevent their children from spending their free time with digital games and to direct them to the games that physical activities are in the forefront

Genetical characterization of Collybia species

YÖK Tez ID: 512715Bu çalışmada, Kırıkkale ve ilçelerinde doğal olarak yetişen Collybia türlerinde moleküler çalışmalar yapılarak genetik yapıları belirlenmiştir. Türlerin kültür çalışmaları patates dekstroz agarda sürdürülmüş, mantarlardan alınan doku parçaları katı besiyerinde geliştirilmiş ve miseller elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada Collybia'ya ait örneklerin genetik farklılıklarını değerlendirmek için RAPD markörleri kullanılmıştır. RAPD analizi on adet primerle gerçekleştirilmiştir. RADP analizi ile toplam 170 adet tekrarlanabilir fragment elde edilmiş ve tüm fragmentler polimorfik çıkmıştır. Fragmentlerin büyüklükleri 100 2500 bç arasında değişmiştir. Her bir primer ile elde edilen bant sayısı 12 ile 22 arasında olmuştur. Popülasyonlar arasındaki genetik ilişkileri belirlemek için benzerlik indeksleri hesaplanmış ve dendogram elde edilmiştir. Dendrogram 4 ana gruba ayrılmıştır.In this study; genetic structures were determined by conducting molecular studies in Collybia species naturally grown in Kirikkale and its structures. The culture studies of the species were carried out on potato dextrose agar, the tissues obtained from the fungi were cultivated in agar medium and mycelium were obtained. In this study, RAPD markers were availed of in order to evaluate the genetic differences of Collybia samples. RAPD analysis was conducted with ten primers. In consequence of the RAPD analysis, 170 repeatable fragments were obtained and all fragments were found out to be polyphormic. The magnitude of the fragments varied between 100 and 2500 bp. The number of stripes obtained from each primer was between 12 and 22. Similarity indexes were also calculated to define the genetic relations between populations and dendrogram were acquired. The dendrogram is divided into 4 main groups