Assesment of Blockchain-Based P2P (Pear to Pear) Transactions in International Trade with Swot Analysis

Blockchain is known as a digitalized, decentralized online computer network on which a public ledger of all cryptocurrency transactions stored and it attempts to create and share all transactions that are verified by using a peer-to-peer (P2P) connected computer network. From the point of production to the truncating the international trade finance process or recording the customs procedures control, many companies are taking the advantages of blockchain technology day by day. The development of peer-to-peer payment systems make the crypto-currencies capable of dealing with not only the individual money transfers but also with the international trade activities. Expected result of this development is an increase the international trade volume in the short run. There are both threats and opportunities in terms of blockchain-based peer-to-peer commercial transactions. And also, some strengths and weaknesses due to the internal structure of the blockchain system. In this study, we are analyzing online peer-to-peer commercial activities via SWOT analysis from the perspective of institutions. It is expected that this study will enable to analyze the major factors of the peer-to-peer transactions in international trade facilities by applying "SWOT analysis". Even though there are a lot of research about blockchain in the local literature, institutional dimension in terms of the state-of-the-art cases of the adoption of blockchain in transport and logistics are studied scarcely in Turkey and hopefully will guide the academicians who want to work in this field

Marketing Practices and Coffee Post-Harvest Value Chain Performance among Smallholder Farmers in Moshi District Tanzania

Coffee is a dependable source of direct cash income for about four (4) million Tanzanians. Improving marketing practices for smallholder farmers is important in the coffee value chain, especially on the deployment of marketing activities to achieve better coffee post-harvest value chain performance. This empirical study assessed the contribution of marketing practices on coffee post-harvest value chain performance in Moshi District-Tanzania. A cross-section research design was adopted and a sample of 215 coffee smallholder farmers was obtained through multi-stage sampling technique. A questionnaire and key informants' interview guide were used as data collection tools. Qualitative data were analysed through the constant comparison content analysis method. Quantitative data were analysed through descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression. It was revealed that, marketing transaction costs influenced coffee post-harvest value chain performance in terms of profits, output sales and post-harvest losses. Therefore, it is recommended that the Government and other stakeholders should create favourable marketing environment to smallholder farmers, market liberalisation to allow competition and reduction of marketing transaction costs

The Effect of Supply Chain Responsiveness, Flexibility, & Quality on Customer Development

This study examines the impact of supply chain responsiveness, flexibility, and quality on a firm’s ability to attract, satisfy and retain its customers. Moreover, mediating impact of logistics process responsiveness among operation system responsiveness, supplier network responsiveness, supply chain flexibility, supply chain quality, and customer development is examined as well. For this study we have used the quantitative approach, a survey-based method for data collection with a total of 155 questionnaires distributed to FMCG firms in Jakarta with 119 usable responses retrieved. The effects of supply chain responsiveness, flexibility, and quality on customer development were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS). The result confirmed the positive impact of supply chain responsiveness, flexibility, and quality on customer development. The finding also showed that the operations system responsiveness, supplier network responsiveness, supply chain flexibility, and quality drive the logistics system responsiveness. Additionally, logistics process responsiveness partially mediated the effect of operations system responsiveness, supplier network responsiveness, supply chain flexibility, and supply chain quality on customer development

Impact of gender and monthly income on consumer buying behavior

This paper discovers the variables that influence consumer purchasing decisions in Morocco and Turkey as well as their relationships. The study put forth the hypothesis that gender and monthly income had an effect on stress levels and shopping choices for both online and offline stores. A 21-question survey from the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science that was broken down into three main components was used as the research methodology. To better define the target market for a particular brand, the questionnaire asked demographic questions like gender, age range, country of residence, and monthly pay. A straightforward random sampling method was used to gather information from 280 respondents in Morocco and Turkey. In SPSS, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were all carried out on the data. According to the study, shopping choices for both online and offline stores as well as stress levels are influenced by gender and monthly income. The study also discovered a link between a preference for online shopping and the stress level associated with shopping in brick and mortar stores. The bulk of answers were from Morocco, with Turkey coming in second. There were five different salary ranges for the respondents. The survey offers helpful information about consumer shopping habits and preferences, which businesses may find beneficial in identifying their target market and creating efficient marketing plans.

Institutional Framework for Protection of Geographical Indications in Tanzania: Examining the Challenges and Way Forward towards Effective Protection of Geographical Indications in the Country

The study is interested to review the challenges of the current Tanzania institutions framework dealing with protection of geographical indications with the view of exploring the alternative changes that can enable Tanzania to effectively deal with enforcement of domestic and international laws dealing with protection of geographical indications. In the end study recommends the possible wayward to strengthen the performance of the institutions dealing with protection and enforcement of geographical indications in Tanzania

Digital Transformation Processes of Manufacturing Enterprises in Organized Industrial Zones: The Effect of Digital Transformation on Competitiveness in International Trade

Today, enterprises producing in every sector are looking for ways to increase efficiency and quality in their manufacturing processes. In the globalizing world economy, competition conditions are increasing day by day, and the cost of each product produced is monitored and kept under control. Most of the manufacturing enterprises operate in Organized Industrial Zones (OIZ). OIZ, in order to ensure the structuring of the industry in suitable areas, to direct urbanization, to prevent unplanned industrialization and environmental problems, to use the resources rationally, to place the industrial types within the scope of a certain plan, to establish certain laws in the necessary administrative, social and technical infrastructure areas within the zoning plans of the previously determined land plots. It refers to the production regions of goods and services that are operated in accordance with the provisions of the law. It is observed that manufacturing enterprises operating in OIZ regions face difficulties in digital transformation processes. These challenging processes can cause many manufacturing businesses not to switch to digital transformation. However, with the right planning and management of the manufacturing enterprises in the OIZ, the digital transformation processes will be much easier, faster and less costly. Manufacturing enterprises that complete their digital transformation processes gain advantages over their competitors in international trade in terms of performance and productivity gains. In this study, the digital transformation processes of the manufacturing enterprises in the OIZs will be examined, and the difficulties experienced, the application methods and the advantages provided after digital transformation will be discussed. It is aimed to contribute to the digital transformation processes of manufacturing enterprises located in other OIZs by examining the application methods of digital transformation in an exemplary manufacturing enterprise in detail. The advantages of manufacturing companies that have successfully completed digital transformation and their impact on competitiveness in international trade will be examined

Filling the Vacancy for the Position of Vice Head of Regional Head Who Are Inability to Continue to Review with Jurisdictional Aspects

In running the regional government, it is undeniable that something will happen that creates a vacancy, in this case there are also many deputy regional heads who quit before their term of office expires, such as resigning, dying from a long-standing illness, and there are also those whose positions are terminated. In Law Number 10 of 2016 concerning the second amendment to Law Number 10 of 2015 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2014 concerning the Election of Governors, Regents and Mayors to become Laws, precisely in the provisions of article 176 paragraph ( 4) who wants to fill the vacancy for the deputy regional head who still has a remaining position of more than 18 (eighteen) months. The absence of a legal norm that limits the maximum time for filling vacancies in the position of deputy regional head is a factor why there is no refilling of the position of deputy regional head in Indonesia

Diversity of National Legal Approaches for Protection of Geographical Indication in Africa: Rethinking the Best Option for Tanzania

The study was centered on the main objective of examining three approaches of protection of geographical indications which trademark system, sue generis system and the unfair competition system. This paper is intended to study various approaches of legal framework for protection of geographical indications as applied in different countries with the view of ascertaining the strength and weakness of each approach in order to recommended the right approach for Tanzania. The main problem which prompted the study is results from flexibility of the system for protection of geographical indications allowed by the WTO Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights of 1994. On part of methodology, the study is qualitative in nature and uses mainly secondary date derived by using documentary review of various international legal instruments, reports, legal text books, articles and conference papers based on protection of geographical indications. Data were analyzed by using content analysis in which the researcher sorted data basing on the relevancy of the content on the study objectives of the study. Generally, the findings has revealed that, apparently states protects geographical indications by using trademark laws, sue generis or specific laws and unfair competition system. However, the more comprehensive and effective approach that Tanzania can adopt is the sue generis system because it provided for specific standards for protection of geographical indications which cannot be mixed with trade mark or competition laws

The Effect of Intercultural Interaction on the Glocalization of Döner Kebab

Intercultural communication has grown in significance as a result of globalization. By influencing the cultural diversity of goods and services globally, this process has helped to recognize and spread local cultures on a global scale. In this context, glocalization is an example of cross-cultural interaction involving a global product like döner kebab. The döner kebab is a well-known fast-food item that is consumed in various local adaptations in every country, reflecting the rich diversity of cultural traditions and culinary preferences. In addition to emphasizing the subjective experiences, such as taste, smell, and tactile sensations that shape our worldviews from a phenomenological perspective, this article highlights the entry of döner kebab into the process of glocalization through cross-cultural interaction. Therefore, we can better comprehend the intricate interaction between global and local cultures by looking at the sensory experiences of döner kebab during the glocalization process. The case analysis method demonstrates how döner kebab consumption varies by nation and how adaptation affects local culture. The success of döner kebab's glocalization through cross-cultural interaction exemplifies how cultural differences and new culinary traditions are created. An essential framework for comprehending sensory experiences during the consumption and adaptation of döner kebab is provided by phenomenology and case analysis. By highlighting the significance of considering consumers' subjective experiences and the sensory aspects of food in forming global food culture, this approach is helpful in understanding the complex interactions of globalization in the food industry

Social Media Strategies Companies are Using to Attract Generation Z

This article discusses the marketing mix and focuses mainly on the marketing communication or promotion mix. Digital marketing strategies, especially social media, are crucial. Models and theories of consumer purchase behavior are explored in this article. This article discusses Generation Z, tech-savvy people. This article also talks about how to reach this generation. The paper also reviews Generation Z's social media usage patterns. Most importantly, talk about effective social media strategies to attract Generation Z, as they are digital natives and are used to communicating with people via social media. Companies should capitalize on this opportunity. The study analyzes Generation Zs on social media. A survey questionnaire was used for data collection, and the results indicated that social media plays a significant role in Gen Z's buying behavior